Computer Ethics

Transcript

Slide 1 Kuliah 2. C Etika Penggunaan Komputer PPISMP Slide 2 Computer Ethics Computers cause new ethical problems Computer ethics uses basic ethical principles to help you make the right decisions Slide 3 Ethical Principles Ethical principles are tools which are used to think through difficult situations Three useful ethical principles: An act is ethical if, were everyone to act the same, society benefits from it An act is ethical if people are treated as ends and not as a means to ends An act is ethical if it is fair to all parties involved Slide 4 Your School’s Code of Conduct Read acceptable use policy Respect yourself Respect others Respect academic integrity Slide 5 Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics 1. Don't use a computer to harm other people 2. Don't interfere with other people’s computer work 3. Don't snoop around in other people’s files 4. Don't use a computer to steal 5. Don't use a computer to bear false witness Slide 6 Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics 6. Don't copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid 7. Don't use other people’s computer resources without authorization or proper compensation 8. Don't appropriate other people’s intellectual output 9. Don’t think about the social consequences of the program you write or the system you design 10. Don’t use a computer in ways that show consideration and respect for your fellow humans Slide 7 Netiquette Netiquette refers to the guidelines that involve showing respect for others and yourself while you are online Slide 8 Mailing List Netiquette  Read the discussions for the past few days before posting questions  Read the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) list before posting questions  Don’t belittle people for grammatical errors  Don’t post inflammatory messages  Learn how to unsubscribe from the list Slide 9 E-Mail Netiquette  Promptly respond to messages  Delete messages after you read them  Speak of others professionally and courteously  Run your computer’s anti- virus program on any e- mail received or sent Slide 10 E-Mail Netiquette (continued)  Keep the message short and to the point  Don’t type in all capital letters  Spell check your message before sending it  Be careful with sarcasm and humor in your message  Be mindful of the recipient’s reaction when you request a return receipt; this feature can be annoying and intrusive Slide 11 Internet Relay Chat Netiquette  Listen to the discussion for a while before joining it  Learn the commonly used abbreviations  Don’t flood the channel with text  Don’t harass others with unwanted invitations  Be careful if you are asked to type in a command; it may have unexpected results  Use the ignore command when being bothered Slide 12 Computer Games: Too Much Violence? Splatter games emphasize all-out violence Some say it increases violent behavior Others say it provides an outlet for violent feelings Slide 13 Computer Ethics for Organizations A business must protect its data from: Loss or damage Misuse or errors Unauthorized access Backup procedures are used to protect data from loss It is the organization’s responsibility to ensure that its data is as complete as possible Divulging customer data without asking permission is considered unethical behavior by privacy advocates Slide 14 Whistle-blowing Whistle-blowing refers to employees reporting their company’s dangerous or illegal acts to regulatory agencies or the press Some laws exist to protect whistle-blowers, but many find themselves unemployed and blacklisted Slide 15 Computer Ethics for Computer Professionals  The field of computer ethics specifies ethical codes for computing professionals  The core of a computer professional’s code of ethics is to preserve and protect human life from harm CODES OF CONDUCT AND GOOD PRACTICE FOR CERTIFIED COMPUTING PROFESSIONALS The essential elements relating to conduct that identify a professional activity are: · A high standard of skill and knowledge · A confidential relationship with people served · Public reliance upon the standards of conduct in established practice · The observance of an ethical code Excerpt from the Code of Ethics of the Institute for Certification of Computing Professionals Slide 16 The ACM Code of Conduct A computing professional: Contributes to society and human well-being Avoids harm to others Is honest and trustworthy Is fair and takes action not to discriminate on the basis of race, sex, religion, age, disability, or national origin Honors property rights, including copyrights and patents Gives proper credit when using the intellectual property of others Respects other individuals’ rights to privacy Honors confidentiality Slide 17 Safety First Programmers can produce programs with errors Computer experts agree that the liability for a program failure should be shared among the programmer, the software company, and the organization that buys the software Slide 18 It’s Not Just Unethical, It’s Illegal, Too Types of legal problems that arise from computer use include: Plagiarism Software Piracy Copyright Infringement Slide 19 Plagiarism Plagiarism is the unauthorized and/or uncited use of someone else’s intellectual property Intellectual property rights refer to an individual’s ownership over original works Legal implications of plagiarism: Dismissal from school Lawsuits Slide 20 Plagiarism Copyright infringement is plagiarism of copyrighted material The Fair use doctrine states that a brief selection from copyrighted work can be used for commentary, parody, news reporting, research, and education Slide 21 Libel Libel is the publication of a false statement that injures one’s business or reputation Slide 22 Software Piracy  Selling software that contains all or part of a commercial software program  Using shareware beyond its evaluation period  Violating the terms of a software license  Making copies of site-licensed programs for personal use  Giving or selling commercial software to others Slide 23 Software and Copyrights Public domain software can be copied, sold, and modified Shareware is copyrighted software that can be used without a license for a specified time Trial versions can be copied When the evaluation period ends, a registration fee is paid for continued use of the software Commercial software is copyrighted You must purchase the software to use it Organizations purchase a site license to use the software on all of their computers Slide 24 Software and Copyrights (continued) General Public License (GPL) specifies that anyone may freely copy, use, and modify the software, but it cannot be sold for profit Copyright protection schemes thwart the illegal use of programs Machine dependent programs can only be used on the machine on which they were installed Slide 25 Are you guilty of software piracy? Incorporating all or part of a GPL program in a commercial program that you sell Continue to use shareware after expiration without paying Violate terms of software license Making copies of site-licensed programs Giving or selling copies of commercial software to others Slide 26 File Sharing: Music, Movies, and More An increasing number of Internet users are making illegal copies of music Rationalizations copyright violators use: “It’s OK to download MP3 files if I only keep them for 24 hours” “It’s free advertising for the band” “It’s legal because I don’t charge any money for sharing them”