Copar

Introduction “...A community needs a soul if it is to become a true home for human beings. You, the people must get it, this soul.” – Pope John Paul II A message from the late Pope himself. A string of words that signifies an imagery of how a simple union of an individual man and a woman forms into a much more complex structure called community. Indeed, words like these clearly defines what a community is – more than just a group of people, more than just a pack of common ideas, more than just
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Introduction “...A community needs a soul if it is to become a true home for human beings. You, the people must get it, this soul.” – Pope John Paul II A message from the late Pope himself. A string of words that signifies an imagery of how a simple union of an individual man and a woman forms into a much more complex structure called community. Indeed, words like these clearly defines what a community is – more than just a group of people, more than just a pack of common ideas, more than just “men”. It is what we all want to call a home. Men need a home – not just a mere structure of woods and bricks compiled together. No, what we need is a place to come back to, a place to rest, and a place to feel secured and protected. And most importantly, a place to feel loved. A place where the soul is. And so, it is very clear what community is or does. Much like a house we eagerly yearn to go home to. The feeling of yearning to see our own neighborhood, our own group of friends, and our own society definitely beats the other ungodly stuffs other places present. And nothing, clearly nothing, defiles that longing. Duvall defines family as a unity of interacting persons related by ties of marriage, birth or adoption whose central purpose is to create and maintain a common culture that promotes the physical, mental and social development of its members. And from this household forms a mightier group – the community; wherein individuals strive hard to help each other to live. But what if the community itself is in pain of just existing? What if the community lost its luster, its splendid aura of confidence, its determination to survive for many years to come? What would it become of? That is why COPAR or Community Organizing Participatory Research exists – to help the community regain confidence and aptitude to stand up on its own feet again. To regain lost independence. COPAR, in its right, is a social developmental approach that aims to transform the apathetic, individualistic and voiceless poor into dynamic, participatory and politically responsive community. It is also a collective, participatory, transformative, liberative, sustained and systematic process of building people’s organizations by mobilizing and enhancing the capabilities and resources of the people for the resolution of their issues and concerns towards effecting change in their existing oppressive and exploitative conditions (1994 National Rural Conference). Through this, voiceless individuals that makes – up the community can again find themselves independent and being able to stand on equal footing. To gain better understanding of the program, we were assigned to conduct the study at one of the purok of Jacinto, Davao. We gathered sufficient data regarding each of the households that resides within Purok 8’s current conditions, their immediate and foreseeable problems, their coping mechanisms regarding those problems, and their relationship with the community of Jacinto itself. Through step by step process, we were able to deduce a conclusion to how these things affect the choices they make as well as what these things are able to contribute to the community. Also, with this newly acquired information we will be able to formulate strategies that will better assist in giving out effective interventions and health teachings to the community. Also, we will be able to have an opportunity to exercise our learned theories from our previous concepts in regards to better accommodate the community in their goal to independence. Objectives General Objective After four weeks of exposure at Jacinto Health Center, the group 2 of BSN 4E will be able to apply our leadership and management concept with knowledge, skills and attitude through the nursing process to the people of Barangay 31-D. Specifically, our group aims to: a. Choose an area suitable for our project; b. write a courtesy letter addressed to the Barangay Captain of Barangay 31D; c. conduct an ocular survey of the chosen area; d. select a target population for our project; e. establish rapport to the target population; f. formulate a survey tool that is related to the identified community problem; g. collect data from the target population using the survey tool; h. site at least 5 community problems; i. prioritize the community problems; j. create a community diagnosis from the clients and action plan; k. arrange schedule with the participants, barangay officials and health center staff for community presentation; l. present the community diagnosis with project proposal to the community; m. implement the proposed project in the community; n. make an evaluation and documentation about the implemented project; o. submit the report of all community activities to the clinical instructor, baranggay officials and health center; and p. share experiences during the rotation. PRE ENTRY PHASE The pre entry phase is also known as project site selection. It is the initial phase of the organizing process where the students looks for communities to serve or help. This phase is considered the simplest phase in terms of actual outputs, activities and strategies and time spent for it. The BSN 4E Group 2 of San Pedro College has done the following for this stage: selects an area suitable for COPAR, list down our objectives for the whole rotation, had our courtesy call at the Jacinto Health Center and Barangay Hall Of Barangay 31-D and met with the barangay hall staff and barangay captain Hon. Evelina Verde, set the dates of exposure and formulated our survey tool that will be used in Purok 8-B for this rotation. The conduct of preliminary social analysis of the community is needed to be able to plan the most effective way of entering the community. ENTRY PHASE This is also known as social preparation of the community. It is considered crucial because the success of later activities depend largely on the community organizer's extent of integration with the people, the understanding of the events in the community, and how the group is identified by the people. The activities done here includes the sensitization of the people on the critical events in their life, innovating them to share their dreams and ideas on how to manage their concerns and eventually mobilizing them to take collective action on these. This phase signals the actual entry or immersion of the community organizer into the community. During this phase, the group has done the following: ocular survey of the chosen area, recognizing the authorities in the area and as well as the residents, collect data through the use of the survey tool, collate the data gathered, identify problems from the data collated, prioritization of the problems and stating community diagnosis. The appearance, speech, behavior and lifestyle should be in keeping with those of the community residents without disregard of their being role models and avoid raising the consciousness of the community residents - adopt a lowkey profile. Spot Map Legends: • • • Health Center Barangay Hall Sea Wall Sea Interviewed Gym Mosque Houses Data Presentation LENGTH OF RESIDENCY Category 1-5 years 6-10 years 11-20 years 21-30 years 31 and above TOTAL No. of residents (per family) 11 12 7 9 9 48 Percentage 23% 25% 14% 19% 19% 100% Figure 1 Length of residency refers to the number of years a person is living in the community. The data gathered there are 11 (23%) respondents who have been in the community for 1-5 years, 12 (25%) respondents have been there for 6-10 years, 7 (14%) respondents have been in the community for 11-20 years, 9 (19%) respondents have been in the community for 21-30 years and lastly, 9 (19%) respondents have been in the community for 31 years and above. From the data gathered above it revealed that the majority of the respondents are in the community for 6-10 years. RELIGION Category Roman Catholic Islam Protestant TOTAL No. of Residents (per family) 26 16 6 48 Percentage 54% 33% 13% 100% Figure 2 Numbers relating to religion signifies the importance of the culture and beliefs being utilized. Religion is a great factor in giving health teachings; we can adjust the interventions to be given to each individual household. There are a total of 48 respondents we have surveyed and based on this data, it revealed that Roman Catholics compromises of 26 (54%) respondents, 16 (33%) respondents are of Islam religion, and 6 (13%) respondents are Protestants. From this data, we can say that the majority of the respondents practiced Roman Catholic religion. NUMBER OF CHILDREN IN A HOUSEHOLD Category 1-3 children 4-6 children 7-9 children 10-12 children TOTAL No. of Residents (per family) 27 14 7 0 48 Percentage 56% 29% 15% 0% 100% Figure 3 Number of children in the community signifies the number of dependents. Children have the least protection against diseases because they have little antibodies developed and they are vulnerable to most diseases especially communicable ones. Therefore, the tendency of children in big families living in poverty is to be neglected wherein they are deprived of things that other children from a more privilege home possess. Responsible parenthood is planning ahead of time by deciding the appropriate number of children and when to have children. Thus, by carefully planning a child is given a chance to have a better future. In the data gathered, we have surveyed at least 48 respondents and 27 (56%) of these respondents’ ages from the range of 1 – 3 years old. 14 (29%) of these respondents are from 4 – 6 years old, and 7 (15%) of these respondents ages from 7 – 9 years old. From this data, we can deduce that majority of children have ages ranging from 1- 3 years old. MOTHER’S EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Category Elementary Graduate Highschool Graduate College Graduate TOTAL No. of residents interviewed 11 28 9 48 Percentage 23% 58% 19% 100% Figure 4 Educational attainment depicts the educational competence with the people living in the community. This is one of the factors which will affect the deliverance of the health teachings to be given. It is of dire importance for the part of the mother to be able to at least have knowledge on the basic necessities of each of her family members so that she can maintain the health status of each member. In the data above, there are 48 respondents being surveyed. The table showed that 11 (23%) of these respondents have only reached elementary level. 28 (58%) of these respondents have only attained high school level, and lastly 9 (19%) of them have reached college level. TYPE OF FAMILY Category Nuclear Extended TOTAL No. of residents (per family) 29 19 48 Percentage 60% 40% 100% Figure 5 Family refers to two or more persons who are joined together by bonds of sharing and emotional closeness and who identify themselves as being part of the family. Type of family indicates the importance of sharing the responsibilities between the members of the family. In a nuclear type of family, the responsibilities only circulates among the primary members of that family while in the extended type of family, the responsibilities branches from the immediate members into the other member of the family. In the data showed above, the number of nuclear type of families in our 48 respondents is 29 (60%) while the extended type of family consists of 19 (40%) respondents. FOOD PREPARATION Category Freshly Cooked Carenderia and/ or canned goods Mixed TOTAL No. of residents 18 4 26 48 Percentage 38% 8% 54% 100% Figure 6 Preparing of foods indicates the hygienic practices of the family. Food is the primary necessity of all living things. Food sanitation should ensure primarily the consumption of safe and wholesome food and thereby protect individuals from acquiring illnesses and at the same time promote the health and wellbeing. The data gathered from 48 respondents revealed that most of them prefer mixed type of food preparation, that is to say, the combination of freshly cooked foods with either carenderia prepared food and/or with canned goods. Mixed types of preparation are being practiced by 26 (54%) respondents and 18 (38%) of them uses freshly cooked preparations. And lastly, 4 (8%) of them buy from carenderias or eat canned foods. HEALTH CONSULTATION Category Health Center Private Clinic/Hospital Quack Doctor None at all TOTAL No. of residents 35 12 0 1 48 Percentage 73% 25% 0% 2% 100% Figure 7 Health consultation refers to where a certain person seeks for consultation. Health is important to each of us. This data will give us an idea if the community is aware of the presence of health facilities near their area. The data above shows the number of respondents who seeks consultation in health centers, private clinics or hospitals, quack doctors and those who don’t seek for consultation. There are 35 (73%) respondents who seek for consultation in health centers and 12 (25%) of the respondents look for consultation in private clinic or private hospitals. There are no respondents who seek consultation in a quack doctor and 1 (2%) of the respondent doesn’t seek for consultation in the health facilities mentioned above. SELF-MEDICATION Category YES NO TOTAL No. of residents 44 4 48 Percentage 92% 8% 100% Figure 8 This data is a way of determining their practices in treating illnesses. From this we will be able to know if they seek consultation and follow prescribed medication. Self medication is not totally prohibited but still it is advisable to consult first to a physician before taking in any medication. 44 (92%) out of 48 respondents do practice self – medication and the remaining 4 (8%) do not. HERBAL MEDICINE Category YES NO TOTAL No. of residents 33 15 48 Percentage 69% 31% 100% Figure 9 Herbal medication means the usage of herbal plants to medicate oneself. Nowadays, the DOH or Department of Health approved some of these herbal plants as an accepted alternative to other synthetic drugs. Of all the 48 respondents, 33 (69%) of them uses herbal medicines while 15 (31%) of them do not. IMMUNIZATION OF CHILDREN Category Fully Immunized Incomplete TOTAL No. of residents 38 10 48 Percentage 79% 21% 100% Figure 10 Preventing diseases is the key to public health. As we know that prevention is better than cure, vaccinations prevent disease in the people who receive them and protect those who come in contact with unvaccinated individuals’ diseases. It is also the safest tool for saving lives and an integral part of child’s health since children has low immunity. According to the data above, 38 (79%) respondents had their children fully immunized while 10 (21%) of them have not yet completed the immunization because of certain factors such as the child is too young to acquire the prescribed vaccines. MOTHER’S IMMUNIZATION Category Complete Incomplete TOTAL No. of residents 13 35 48 Percentage 27% 73% 100% Figure 11 Immunization for the mother indicates the protection she will acquire that will shield her from possible sepsis. The vaccine given to mothers is Tetanus Toxoid vaccine, wherein it will be passed to the neonate from the 2nd to 5th dose of vaccine thus protecting the neonate from acquiring neonatal tetanus. From the 48 respondents, 35 (73%) of mothers did not complete their immunization while the other 13 (27%) respondents is able to complete the said immunization. INFANT’S FEEDING Category Breastfeeding Formula Feeding Mixed Feeding TOTAL No. of residents 22 6 20 48 Percentage 46% 12% 42% 100% Figure 12 It is very important for mothers to give their children breast milk for it is very economical and very good for the baby’s immunity. Breastfeeding has many physical and psychological benefits for both the mother and the babies. Formula milk is expensive. The urban poor cannot afford to give their children the proper nutrition it must need. The data gathered showed that there are 22 (46%) mothers who preferred to give breast milk and 6 (12%) uses formula milk in feeding and lastly mixed feeding is usually preferred by 20 (42%) mothers. It is good that most of the mothers give /have given breast milk to their offspring but still some mothers does not continue breast feeding up to 2 years, therefore they should be educated and encouraged to breast fed their child. COMMON DISEASES Category Tuberculosis Diarrhea Asthma Pneumonia Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus Dengue Scabies TOTAL No. of residents 2 7 4 2 17 3 7 6 48 Percentage 4% 15% 8% 4% 35% 6% 15% 13% 100% Figure 13 Common diseases mentioned above most often afflict the most vulnerable, the young, and the elderly in the community. They have numerous economic, psychological, disabling, and disfiguring effects to the afflicted C m D ses om on isea 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 3% 5 1% 5 4 % 8 % 4 % 6 % 1% 5 1% 3 individuals, families and communities. In this situation, the need for information about the disease is very vital. 2 (4%) of the respondents have tuberculosis, 7 (15%) respondents have acquired diarrhea, 4 (8%) respondents have acquired asthma. 2 (4%) respondents have pneumonia, and 17 (35%) have hypertension as their disease. DM has 3 (6%) respondent, dengue have 7 (15%) respondents, and lastly scabies have a total of 6(13%) respondents. PRE-NATAL Category YES NO Not applicable TOTAL No. of residents 45 1 2 48 Percentage 94% 2% 4% 100% Figure 14 Pregnancy poses a risk to the life of every woman. Pregnant women may suffer complications and die. Every woman has to visit the nearest health care facility for pre – natal care services. This is the only way to guide her in her pregnancy care to make her prepare fro childbirth. Based on the data collected, 45 (94%) out of 48 respondents have been committed in their pre – natal check – up while 1 (2%) respondent have stated that she do not do such. The remaining 2 (4%) respondents have not applied such check-up for the latter have not yet formed a family. FAMILY PLANNING Category YES NO Not applicable TOTAL No. of residents 33 14 1 48 Percentage 69% 29% 2% 100% Figure 15 Methods Used Category Not Applicable Calendar Method Condom Pills Ligation IUD Abstinence TOTAL No. of residents 2 2 6 30 4 2 2 48 Percentage 4% 4% 13% 63% 8% 4% 4% 100% Figure 16 Family planning means deciding when the right time is to have children, and what is the appropriate number of children for a couple to have. One good reason to stress family planning is that it saves the mother and the child’s life. There are more chances for abortion or miscarriage if the mother continues to get pregnant beyond 35 years old or if she is in poor health condition prior to and during pregnancy. Another reason is to provide a better life for their children. Planned family size enables the parents to send their children to school and provide them with the material things they need, as well as emotional support through guidance and love. The data we gathered revealed 33 (68%) among 48 respondents uses family planning and 14 (29%) of them don’t use any family planning. Only 1 (2%) respondent stated that it is not applicable to them because they do not have yet formed a family. The most common method used is the usage of pills wherein 30 (63%) out of 48 respondents found it effective and convenient. The other 6 (13%) respondents use condom method. 4 (8%) respondents use ligation method, while IUD users composed of 2 (4%) respondents. Abstinence method users composed of 2 (4%) respondents and the other 2 (4%) respondents do not use any of the following contraceptive methods being mentioned. GARBAGE COLLECTION Category Everyday Every other day Every week TOTAL No. of residents 16 14 18 48 Percentage 33% 29% 38% 100% Figure 17 Garbage collection refers to when the garbage are collected. It indicates how the community is responsible enough to collect their own garbage. In the data, it shows that the garbage collection usually done on every week on which 18 (38%) respondents testify to it. 14 (29%) respondents indicate that their garbage is collected every other day and the remaining 16 (33%) respondents stated that their garbage is collected everyday. If majority of them collects their garbage every week, greater chance of attracting of pests towards the community. SEGREGATION Category YES NO TOTAL No. of residents 12 36 48 Percentage 25% 75% 100% Figure 18 Garbage segregation refers to the ability of the individuals to effectively separate non – biodegradable from biodegradable garbage. It, in turn, will prevent it from turning into the breeding sites of pests and for easier filtration of recyclable materials. This is also a good way in creating a clean and sanitary environment. From the data gathered, it shows that 36 (75%) of the 48 respondents did not practice proper waste segregation and the remaining 12 (25%) respondents do practiced segregating garbage. DRINKING WATER Category Bottled Water Tap Water TOTAL No. of residents 2 46 48 Percentage 4% 96% 100% Figure 19 Different types of water being used as a drinking water indicate the possibilities of acquiring water – borne diseases. Insufficient knowledge and inappropriate practice in the handling of water from the source to the storage point in the house could contaminate drinking water. People who uses tap water as drinking water is not exempted from diarrhea disease contraction particularly those who are served with old worn – out pipes that suck in sewage or flit through cracks and joints of the pipes. From the data collected 46 (96%) out of 48 respondents uses tap water as their main source of drinking water. The remaining 2 (4%) respondents used bottled water as their main source of drinking. PRESENCE OF PEST Category YES NO TOTAL No. of residents (per household) 47 1 48 Percentage 98% 2% 100% Pres enceof Pes t 98% 2 % YES NO Figure 20 Pests are vectors that contribute to spreading disease in the community and other areas of the society. Usually presence of it indicates that a certain house or community is unsanitary and does not practice hygienic techniques. 47 (98%) out of 48 respondents agree that there is indeed presence of pests found in the area. 1 (2%) respondent have stated that there are no presence of pests. FOOD STORAGE Category Refrigerator Covered Consumed TOTAL No. of residents (per household) 6 31 11 48 Percentage 13% 64% 23% 100% Figure 21 Food is one of the primary necessities. Food storage means safe keeping of foods, the storage of the food must be at least semi- permanent to hold any amount of food. If the food is properly stored, then the probability of having food – borne diseases in increased. In the data mentioned above, 31 (64%) out of 48 respondents have stated that they do cover their food, 11 (23%) of them stated that they consume all of their food and only 6 (13%) of them uses refrigerator as food storage HOUSE TYPE Category Wood Mixed Concrete TOTAL No. of residents (per household) 26 22 0 48 Percentage 54% 46% 0% 100% Figure 22 A house is a structure or building that provides cover, refuge, safety and protection against weather and danger. The sturdiness of a house must be considered for shelter is one of the basic needs of a human. In the data, 26 (54%) respondents’ uses wood while the remaining 22 (46%) uses mixed type – a combination of wood and concrete. The majority of houses are made of wood; therefore, houses in that area are prone to fire accidents and easily destroyed from natural phenomena such as typhoons and earthquakes so people must be educated about fire prevention and ways of safeguarding their houses against calamities. LIGHTING Category Electricity Kerosene Candle TOTAL No. of residents (per family) 43 4 1 48 Percentage 90% 8% 2% 100% Figure 23 In the data, 43 (90%) respondents are using electricity as their source of lighting, 4 (8%) out of 48 respondents use kerosene as their source of lighting and lastly 1 (2%) of the respondents uses candle as a source of light. Electricity can give the residents the benefit of enjoying the modern life and makes the residents’ job easy but it also has its negative effect. If it is used incorrectly, it may cause fire or cause serious electrical injuries. In addition to that, if there are illegal criss-crossing of the lines, it may cause a short circuit which can be very harmful to the residents. WINDOW Category With Screen Open TOTAL No. of residents (per household) 1 47 48 Percentage 2% 98% 100% Figure 24 Windows provide both ventilation and protection for the family. Additional measures such as screening of windows protect the family from diseases spread by mosquitoes. In the data, 47 (98%) out of 48 respondents do not screen their windows while the remaining 1 (2%) household does. This indicates that majority of the households are at risk of acquiring diseases spread by mosquitoes such as Dengue and Malaria. SMOKING Category YES NO TOTAL No. of residents 28 20 48 Percentage 58% 42% 100% S oking m 42% YES 58% NO Figure 25 Smoking is a most common problem and poses significant danger to the health of the people. The danger is not only to those active smokers, but also to those who are exposed to second hand smoke. Scientific evidences shows that smoking is related to at least 40 diseases and 20 types of cancer. Smoking is also a trigger to asthma and exacerbations and can influence asthma development. It also carries special risks for pregnant woman and fetus such as miscarriage and SIDS. In the survey, it revealed that 28 (58%) out of 48 respondents smoke and 20 (42%) do not. DRINKING ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES Category YES NO TOTAL No. of residents 36 12 48 Percentage 75% 25% 100% Figure 26 Alcoholism is another major problem that has been receiving considerable attention. It causes suffering, and dangerous physical and emotional health, disrupts family relationship and reduces economic effectiveness. 36 (75%) out of 48 respondents agree that they have been drinking and 12 (25%) of them do not. It indicates that the majority of the people asked are alcohol drinkers, effective alcohol education program could be a possible solution. SOURCE OF INCOME Category Father Mother Both Others TOTAL No. of residents 28 6 10 4 48 Percentage 58% 13% 21% 8% 100% Figure 27 Salary Category P500- below P500- P1,000 P1,000- P3,000 P3,000- P5,000 P5,000- P10,000 P10,000 and above No. of residents (per family) 1 2 14 9 16 6 Percentage 2% 4% 29% 19% 33% 13% TOTAL 48 100% Figure 28 Poverty is a major reason for the health problems of our people and because of this many people tend to do whatever they can to give the needs of their family and to survive, regardless of the type of job and working hours spent. This data will tell us who provide the needs in the family. Based on the data gathered 28 (58%) fathers work to provide the needs of their family, 6 (13%) mothers provide the needs of the family and 4 (8%) have other member of the family to provide their needs and lastly 10 (21%) have both mother and father provide the family’s need. In terms of salary, 16 (33%) out of 48 households have an income ranging from P5000 – 10000, 14 (29%) respondents have an income ranging from P1000 – 3000, 9 (19%) respondents have an income ranging from P3000 – 5000, income ranging from P10000 and above came from 6 (13%) respondents, income ranging from P500 – 1000 came from 2 (4%) respondents and only 1 (2%) respondent have an income ranging from P500 below. HEALTH INSURANCE Category YES NO TOTAL No. of residents 27 21 48 Percentage 56% 44% 100% Figure 29 Health insurance serves as an emergency funding for the family wherein in such cases of crisis, they will have additional money to be used. In accordance to the data above, 27 (56%) out of 48 respondents have a health insurance while 21 (44%) do not. For that matter, almost half of the respondents have extra money to be used on urgent crisis such as immediate hospitalization and accidents. Prioritization TABLE OF TOP 5 COMMUNITY PROBLEMS Ranking 1 2 3 4 5 Community Problem Inadequate Knowledge on Common Illnesses Unhealthy Lifestyle Poor Environment Sanitation Fire Hazard Threat of Cross infection from communicable diseases Score 4 1/3 2 1/3 2 1/3 2 1/3 2 1/3 1. Inadequate Knowledge on Common Illnesses Criteria 1. Nature of the problem Score 2/3 Weigh t 1 Actual score 2/3 Justification It is a health threat since the people in the community is aware with such conditions but was not able to be familiar with the correct intervention to different diseases. Also their financial one of the factors for their poor compliance. It is highly modifiable since the people in the community can acquire knowledge from the health teachings of the student nurses. Moreover the center is also giving protection and prevention to the diseases encounter by the people in the community. It is highly preventive since the health teaching done by the student nurses can help them to have background knowledge to the diagnosed or un diagnosed diseases which the people in the community are experiencing. It is not seen as a major problem in their community the people are more on used to doing selfmedication and the beliefs they have in treating common illnesses. 2. Modifiability of the problem 2/2 2 2 3. Preventive potential 3/3 1 1 4. Social Concern 1/2 1 1/2 TOTAL 4 1/3 2. Unhealthy Lifestyle Criteria 1. Nature of the problem Score 2/3 Weigh t 1 Actual score 2/3 Justification This condition is a health threat since this problem is usually taken for granted. Most of the people are into smoking and drinking and made this as there pass time. Also parents allow their children to walk and play around barefooted. The problem is averagely modifiable since the people around are aware of the effect of excessive smoking and drinking and the different diseases accountable with their actions yet they lack the behavior to correct it. However the student nurses can help them minimized the problems through suggestions and health teachings. Although health teachings can educate the people in the community, their behavior, attitude and response towards the interventions lowers the potential to totally eradicate the problem. The people did not recognize this as a problem since they are already used to it and made it as one of their leisure times. Most of the parents don’t care if their children are wearing their slippers while playing and running around. 2.. Modifiability of the problem 1/2 2 1 3. Preventive potential 2/3 1 2/3 4. Social Concern 1/2 1 1/2 TOTAL 2 1/3 3. Poor Environmental Condition Criteria 1. Nature of the problem Score 2/3 Weigh t 1 Actual score 2/3 Justification The people are aware that the existence of having water contamination is conducive for having diseases. It has a low modifiability since the health teachings can help them prevent having illness such as boiling water first before drinking it yet the problems in their tubing’s also requires the cooperation of the water district and the city hall. It has an average preventive potential since through interventions people can be aware of the health threats it causes. The people have not fully recognize the existing risk of the leaking water pipes submerged in sewages. 2. Modifiability of the problem 1/2 2 1 3. Preventive potential 2/3 1 2/3 4. Social Concern TOTAL 1/2 1 1/2 2 1/3 4. Threat of cross infection from a communicable disease Criteria 1. Nature of the problem Score 2/3 Weigh t 1 Actual score 2/3 Justification This condition is a threat to the people in their area in view of the fact that their environment affects this problem. The problem is partially modifiable. Although student nurses can implement something in regards to health awareness through health teachings, factors such the environment also affects this problem since the distances of their houses are near and they lived near the sea. Interventions and health teachings will educate them; however inadequate physical and financial resources lessen the potential to totally eradicate the problem. It is not a recognized problem since people in the community treat their experienced illness through self-medications. 2. Modifiability of the problem 1/2 2 1 3. Preventive potential 2/3 1 2/3 4. Social Concern 1/2 1 1/2 TOTAL 2 1/3 5. Fire Hazard Criteria 1. Nature of the problem Score 2/3 Weigh t 1 Actual score 2/3 Justification This condition is a threat for the community since the houses in the community is close from each other and is very prone to fire hazards. Also, they lived near the shore and high tides affects the level of their housing, thus made it elevated from the ground and usually having a steep stairs. Although student nurses can teach the people in the community with some of the preventive measures in both fire and fall hazards such as careful using candles and going upstairs and downstairs, its beyond the students capacity to rearrange their housing and connection of electricity. It has an average preventive potential to avoid such occurrence since the faulty wirings and the physical setup of the houses appears to be not modifiable though there are a lot of precautionary measures that can be rendered to the community such as the proper disposal of flammable items. People knew the problem but they have not take an action towards it. 2. Modifiability of the problem 1/2 2 1 3. Preventive potential 2/3 1 2/3 4. Salience 1/2 TOTAL 1 1/2 2 1/3 Community Diagnosis Among the five prioritized problem, what topmost is the problem on Inadequate knowledge on common illnesses. It includes the manner of transmission, signs and symptoms, prevention and the appropriate treatment to be done. It is a health threat since the co-existing problem of having the illness aggravates because of the misconceptions and some improper management. Inadequate knowledge of illnesses is a problem that entails other factors that affects health. Such factors are within the scope of the other prioritized problem which are the environmental condition, the lifestyle of a person and the threats of some illnesses in the community which are tuberculosis and the like. Thus, as we have come up with the top problem, everything within the community is interrelated. All aspects that affect the health are part of the implementation to be done. ORGANIZATI ON BUILDING PHASE The organization building phase entails the formation of more formal structures and the inclusion of more formal procedures of planning, implementation, and evaluating community-wide activities. It is at this phase where the organized leaders or groups are being given trainings to develop their skills and in managing their own concerns. In this stage, the group has planned for a project proposal, made an action plan, went with our implementation and did our evaluation for the project. Project Proposal PROJECT PROPOSAL A. Project Title: “Pagbabago Sisimulan KO” B. Project Proposal: This project involves the people in the community and most especially the mothers. B1. Health Alert: • • • • • Dengue Pneumonia Diarrheoa Tuberculosis Hypertension B2. Accident Hazard and Garbage Disposal/ Waste C. Type of Project 1. Vital Signs taking 2. Symposium about Dengue, Pneumonia, Diarrheoa, Tuberculosis, Hypertension, Lifestyle, accident hazard and garbage disposal/waste It will provide the community with information and health teachings about the topics. The speakers will discuss the certain topics such as: • Description of the problem • Etiology • Signs and symptoms • Management of the condition • Preventive measures D. Location The project will be conducted at the mini gym of Barangay 31-D, Boulevard, Davao City. A gym that is nearest to our target area which is the Purok 8-B, Barangay 31-D, Boulevard, Davao City. E. Implementing Group This project will be conducted by the 4th year nursing students of San Pedro College section E group 2 together with the Jacinto Health Center staff, barangay officials and also the residents. F. Estimated Project Cost Logistics/Materials BSN Counterpart PREPARATION Prints • Attendance • Evaluation Programs • Blood Pressure Apparatus • Garbage Cellophane • Materials on Background • Table cover Prizes - Tokens - Give aways Snacks • Bread • Juice ACTUAL • LCD • Laptop • • • Chairs Tables Sound System -amplifier -speaker -microphone Venue c/o Rovianne Uy P 150 c/o Rovianne Uy, Joanie Tinagan, Djamela Pecson and Paula Maniago P10 P 3930 c/o Joanie Tinagan P 50 c/o group 3 c/o Angelo Roslinda c/o BSN4E Group 2 c/o Rechie Simbajon P 500 P 1000 P 1500 P 400 P 320 c/o Charls Herradura & Arriane Lu c/o Barangay c/o Barangay c/o Arriane Lu c/o Rovianne Uy c/o Krishna Garillos c/o Djamela Pecson and Krishna Garillos actual Budget community • c/o Barangay POST IMPLEMENTATION • Manuscript • Documentation • Total CD G. Participating Agencies This project will actively participated by the student nurses of San Pedro College of BSN 4E, Jacinto Health Center staff, local barangay officials of Brgy 31-D, Boulevard Davao City. H. Beneficiaries The beneficiaries of the project will be the people residing in our target purok which is the Purok 8-B and also its neighboring puroks. I.Objectives General Objective: Within our three hours of health teaching the residents of bangay 31-D will gain new learnings about the common diseases encountered in the community and be aware on how to prevent and manage in many constructive ways. Specific Objectives: Specifically, the people in the community will be able to a. define what is health; b. familiarize factors that affects health; c. recognize the common diseases and envronmental hazards in their community; d. know the signs and symptoms of the said diseases; e. identify the managements and preventions of diseases and environmental hazards; J. Project rationale Health was defined as being “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. According to the World Health Organization, the main determinants of health include the social and economic environment, the physical environment and the person's individual characteristics and behaviors. Generally, the context in which an individual lives is of great importance on his life quality and health status. The social and economic environment are key factors in determining the health status of individuals given the fact that higher education levels are linked with a higher standard of life as well as a higher income. Generally, people who finish lower education are more likely to get no job and therefore high risk to stress by comparing to individuals with high education levels. The physical environment is perhaps the most important factor that should be considered when classifying the health status of an individual. Dengue fever is a disease caused by one of a number of viruses that are carried by mosquitoes. These mosquitoes then transmit the virus to humans. According to government figures 15,061 cases of the disease in the Philippines were reported in the first six months of the year. Our Health Secretary said that the increase in the number of dengue cases may be attributed to the constantly changing climate brought by global warming as well as congestion in urban areas. Deaths due to dengue rose to 172 compared with 115 for the first half of 2007, (Francisco Duque ,2008) Dengue fever is a disease caused by one of a number of viruses that are carried by mosquitoes Pneumonia is a respiratory disease which often affects children and the elderly. The cold months in the Philippines will definitely affect these groups because the air is thin due to the high moisture in the atmosphere.During times like this, our lungs work harder in order to transport the required oxygen throughout our entire system to keep our organs functioning well. This is because during cold months, our bodies get lesser amounts of oxygen In the Philippines, pneumonia sometimes leads to death because cases of pneumonia, especially in the barrios, are left untreated either because of knowledge deficit about the symptoms of pneumonia or lack of money to pursue treatment. These factors usually aggravate pneumonia and reflects the type of healthcare a country has. I will update this post in the near future to discuss the Philippine healthcare system from a researcher’s point of view. I know many Filipinos are not given proper care particularly those from far-flung localities. That is the reason why cold weather in the Philippines can has already taken its toll on the people. Cases of pneumonia and deaths caused by pneumonia might continue to rise until February due to the cold weather reaching an all-time low of 7.5 degrees Celsius in Baguio City since 1961 (which recorded a 6.3 degrees Celsius reading on January 18). Diarrhea, is the condition of having three or more loose or liquid bowel movements per day. It is a common cause of death in developing countries and the second most common cause of infant deathsworldwide.the number of diarrhea cases in the Philippines is almost double the figure for other Asian countries like Vietnam, Mongolia, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Japan, Laos, Papua New Guinea, Cambodia and Korea. Statistics likewise showed that the country is the second largest contributor to diarrhea morbidity in the world, next to China with 593,372 deaths based on the 2000 census conducted by the group. The same survey also revealed that between 10 to 20 percent or 1.5 million children under the age of five suffer from diarrhea at one time, and attributed the prevalence of the illness to poor hygiene. Experts note that the incidence of diarrhea may easily be lowered by 40 percent by having kids wash their hands with water and soap. Dr. Maria Ricardo,2008 Tuberculosis (TB) has been around for centuries. It was previously called consumption because it seemed to “consume” its victims from within. It was also called phthisis by the ancient Greeks. Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine, identified phthisis as the most widespread disease of his time. Even Egyptian mummies were found with a strain of TB. In the Philippines now, in a so-called era of peace, three years after Phillpqlne liberation, tuberculosis still kills at the rate of four persons every hour around the clock. Due to the ravages of tuberculosis alone, the government looses one and a half billion dollars every year. It is the prime health and socioeconomic problem in the Philippines; has been so for decades. The prewar tuberculosis death rate among Filipinos was 230per 100,000 nearly six times as high as the 1945 rate for the United States. The Philippine death rate is certainly higher now. Whereas there are at least 500,000 cases of tuberculosis among the 18,000,000 population today, there are not more than a total of 1,200 institutional beds now available throughout the Philippines for this disease. Hypertension is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated. It is the opposite of hypotension. Persistent hypertension is one of the risk factors for strokes,heart attacks, heart failure and arterial aneurysm, and is a leading cause of chronic kidney failure. Moderate elevation of arterial blood pressure leads to shortened life expectancy. Both dietary and lifestyle changes as well as medicines can improve blood pressure control and decrease the risk of associated health complications. Carretero OA, Oparil S (2000) Fire Prevention Month reminds us all that though the discovery of fire was one of man’s earliest technological discoveries, it has since claimed countless lives, destroyed properties and dilapidated spirits. Here in Laoag City, about a month ago, a portion of the city commercial district was burned to the ground. The area consumed by fire included 4 or 5 business establishments and damages reached millions of pesos. This scenario is not new in Manila. News on TV alone proves that fire accidents are always devastating. Whatever is the cause of fire (i.e., faulty wiring system, gas leak, accidental burning, bombing, etc.), means to prevent fire will always come in handy especially in homes and business establishments. Cleanliness is the absence of dirt, including dust, stains, bad smells and garbage.Purposes of cleanliness include health, beauty, absence of offensive odor, avoidance of shame, and to avoid the spreading of dirt and contaminants to oneself and others. In the case of glass objects such as windows or windshields, the purpose can also be transparency. Washing is one way of achieving cleanliness, usually with water and often some kind of soap or detergent. In more recent times, since the germ theory of disease, it has also come to mean an absence of germs and other hazardous materials. However, dirt may play a useful role in our immune systems. We, a part of the health workers and students of San Pedro College having Community Organizing Participatory Action Research seen the need of the residence for health teachings and reminders for the conditions identified above to be prevented and be manage. This project to be performed is beneficials to the residents of our target area but also its neighboring puroks. This lecturetter will give the residents the ideas and knowledge on how to handle and lowers the risk of having such conditions. SAN PEDRO COLLEGE Nursing Department Community Organizing Participatory Action Research ACTION PLAN Date : August 10, 2010 TIME 7:oo- 8:00 AM OBJECTIVES To check attendance and BP of our participants To give ask for the Lords guidance for the days activity To give tribute to our forefathers To introduce the group ACTIVITY BP taking and Attendance Prayer LOCUS OF RESPONSIBILITIES Group 3 8: OO-8:10 AM Joanie Faith Tinagan and an Islamic member of the audience 8:10-8:15 AM Singing of the National Anthem Introduction of the Hosts, the Group , and the Clinical Instructor Opening Remarks Inspirational Message Introduction of the theme Health talk # 1 Arriane Jenelyn Lu, Ann Jellie Laureta, and Charles Don Herradura Barangay Captain Hon. Evelina Verde Public Health Nurse Marjorie Lauriano, RN Arriane Jenelyn Lu, Ann Jellie Laureta, and Charles don Herradura Francis Adrian Ladores and Djamela Pecson Charles Don Heradura and Jonna Emily Peñas 8:15-8:20 AM 8:20-8:25 AM To welcome the students and the members of the community To inspire everyone To acquaint everyone with the theme of the activity To give the community a general overview on health To give the community a general overview on Health threats To give the community a general overview on Communicable Diseases To provide entertainment and a venue for showcasing of talents To teach the community about lifestyle and its impact 8:25-8:30 AM 8:30-8:35 AM 8:35-8:45 AM 8:45-9:00 AM Health talk # 2 9: OO-9:15 AM Health Talk # 3 Rechie Mark Simbajon and Rovianne Uy 9:15-9:20 AM Intermission number Selected Student Nurses 9:20-9:30 AM Health Talk # 4 Paula Gene Maniage and Althea Pahuyo Hosts: Ann Jellie Laureta Arriane Jenely Lu Program Committee: Ma. Tiffany Hawil Charls Don Herradura Charls Don Herradura Ann Jellie Laureta Arriane Lu Food/Logistics Committee: Djamela Pecson Krishna Leen Garillos Francis Adrian Ladores Physical Set-up Committee: Angelo Roslinda Paula Gene Maniago Joanie Faith Tinagan Althea Pahuyo Jonna Emily Penas Rechie Mark Simbajon Rovianne Uy Communication Letter to the Barangay Captain August 3, 2010 Hon. Evelina Verde Barangay Captain Barangay 31-D Davao City Dear Ma’am; Greetings! We the BSN 4E of San Pedro College is having the rotation of Community Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR) as part of our related learning experience. Part of our duty is the implementation of activities and programs for the community based on our surveys and interviews. With this regard, we would like to inform your good office that on August 10, 2010 we will be having our implementation day with the theme “Pagbabago Simulan Mo”. It would be a simple program with lectures on health, environment and sanitation. Likewise, we would like to invite you for the closing remarks as a part of our program. It would be our honor and pleasure to have your presence. In addition, we would like to borrow chairs and tables for the activity and ask permission for the use of electricity for our sound system. Thank you and God Bless us all! Respectfully yours, Joanie Faith Tinagan, St.N. Group Leader BSN 4E Group 2 Noted by: Marjorie Lauriano, RN Public Health Nurse Leah Francisco, RN, MN Clinical Instructor LECTURES HEALTH ALERT KULANG PA! DENGUE FEVER Dengue fever is an acute febrile diseases which occur in the tropics, can be life-threatening, and are caused by four closely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. It is also known as breakbone fever, since it can be extremely painful.Each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no cross-protection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes (hyperendemicity) can occur. Dengue is transmitted to humans by the Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti or more rarely the Aedes albopictus mosquito, both of which feed exclusively during daylight hours. Signs and symptoms The disease manifests as fever of sudden onset associated with headache, muscle and joint pains (myalgias and arthralgias—severe pain that gives it the nickname break-bone fever or bonecrusher disease), distinctive retroorbital pain, and rash. The classic dengue rash is a generalised maculopapular rash with islands of sparing. A hemorrhagic rash of characteristically bright red pinpoint spots, known as petechiae can occur later during the illness and is associated with thrombocytopenia. It usually appears first on the lower limbs and the chest; in some patients, it spreads to cover most of the body. There may also be severe retro-orbital pain, (a pain from behind the eyes that is distinctive to Dengue infections), and gastritis with some combination of associated abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting coffee-grounds-like congealed blood, or diarrhea. Some cases develop much milder symptoms which can be misdiagnosed as influenza or other viral infection when no rash or retro-orbital pain is present. Febrile travelers from tropical areas may transmit dengue inadvertently to previously Dengue free populations of Aedes (Stegomyia) Aegypti mosquitoes, having not been properly diagnosed for Dengue. Patients only transmit Dengue when they are febrile and bitten by Aedes (Stegomyia) Aegypti mosquitoes, or (much more unusually) via blood products. The classic dengue fever lasts about two to seven days, with a smaller peak of fever at the trailing end of the disease (the so-called "biphasic pattern"). Clinically, the platelet count will drop until after the patient's temperature is normal. Cases of DHF also show higher fever, variable hemorrhagic phenomena including bleeding from the eyes,nose,mouth and ear into the gut, and oozing blood from skin pores, thrombocytopenia, and hemoconcentration. When Dengue infections proceed to DHF symptoms, DHF causes vascular leak syndrome which includes fluid in the blood vessels leaking through the skin and into spaces around the lungs and belly. This fluid loss and severe bleeding can cause blood pressure to fall, then Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) sets in, which has a high mortality rate. Prevention  Recognition of the disease  Isolation of the patient  Case finding and reporting  Health education  Eliminate vector and breading sites  Spraying of insecticides Treatment  Close monitoring of vital signs  Increase oral fluid intake  Platelet transfusion  Paracetamol PNEUMONIA An infection of one or both lungs usually caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi. How people catches pneumonia: 1. Sneeze of the infected person 2. Bacteria or viruses usually present in the mouth, throat or nose enter the lungs Signs and Symptoms of Pneumonia 1. Initially symptoms of cold ( Sneezing, sore throat, cough) 2. High Fever 3. Shaking Chills 4. Shortness of breath 5. Cyanosis How to diagnosed Pneumonia 1. Chest X-ray 2. Sputum Samples 3. A Blood Test 4. Bronchoscopy DIARRHEA Is increase in the frequency of bowel movements. Causes of Diarrhea 1. Indigestion 2. Ingestion of pathogens Prevention of diarrhea 1. Cooking of food properly 2. Boiling of water before drinking Dehydration Usual problem when it comes to diarrhea Prevention Oral Rehydration Solution which contains glucose and electrolytes . Home made ORS Formulation 1 glass place 1 pinch of salt and 1 tbsp of Sugar 1 Liter place 1 tbsp of salt and 8 tbsp of sugar TUBERCULOSIS KULANG! DIABETES MELLITUS Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which the body is not able to correctly process glucose for cell energy due to either an insufficient amount of the hormone insulin or a physical resistance to the insulin the body does produce. Without proper treatment through medication and/or lifestyle changes, the high blood glucose (or blood sugar) levels caused by diabetes can cause long-term damage to organ systems throughout the body. Symptoms of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes include: • • • • • • • • • • • • • excessive thirst frequent urination weight loss increased appetite unexplained fatigue slow healing cuts, bruises, and wounds frequent or lingering infections (e.g., urinary tract infection) mood swings and irritability blurred vision headache high blood pressure dry and itchy skin tingling, numbness, or burning in hands or feet Fasting Plasma Glucose Test Blood is drawn from a vein in the child's arm following an eight-hour fast (i.e., no food or drink), usually in the morning before breakfast. The red blood cells are separated from the sample and the amount of glucose is measured in the remaining plasma. A fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l) or higher indicates diabetes (with a confirming retest on a subsequent day). Treatment • Insulin treatment and oral anti diabetic drugs Nutritional Concerns Because dietary carbohydrates are the primary source of glucose for the body (the other source being the liver), it is very important that children with diabetes learn to read labels and be aware of the amount of carbohydrates in the foods they eat. Children and their parents are usually advised to consult a registered deititian (RD) to create an individualized, easy to manage food plan that fits their family's health and lifestyle needs. A well-balanced, nutritious diet provides approximately 50 to 60 percent of calories from carbohydrates, approximately 10 to 20 percent of calories from protein, and less than 30 percent of calories from fat. The number of calories required depends on age, weight, and activity level. An RD can also teach the family how to use either the dietary exchange lists or carbohydrate counting system to monitor food intake. Each food exchange contains a known amount of calories in the form of protein, fat, or carbohydrate. A patient's diet plan will consist of a certain number of exchanges from each food category (meat or protein, fruits, breads and starches, vegetables, and fats) to be eaten at meal times and as snacks. Patients have flexibility in choosing which foods they eat as long as they stick with the number of exchanges prescribed by their RD based on their caloric requirements. Carbohydrate counting involves totaling the grams of carbohydrates in the foods your child eats to ensure the child does not exceed her goal for the day. In the simple-carb counting method, one carbohydrate choice or unit equals 15 grams of carbohydrates (which is equivalent to one starch or fruit exchange in the exchange method). The number of carb choices allowed daily is based on caloric requirements. Children with type 1 diabetes who use fast-acting insulin before meals may find that carb counting gives them tighter control of their blood glucose levels, since they can compute the number of insulin units based on both their carbohydrate intake (called the carbohydrate to insulin ratio) and before-meal blood glucose readings. Dietary changes and moderate exercise are usually the first treatments implemented in type 2 diabetes. Weight loss may be an important goal in helping overweight children and adolescents control their blood sugar levels. Exercise helps keep blood glucose levels down and has other health benefits, as well. HYPERTENSION What Causes Hypertension? • Getting little or no exercise • Poor diet • Obesity • Older age • Genetics What is the normal Blood Pressure? • < 120 / 80 mmhg (Normal) • 120-139 / 80 -89 mmhg (Prehypertension) • > 140 / 90 mmhg (Hyperttensive) What is the treatment of high blood pressure? • Losing weight • Quitting smoking • Eating healthy diet • Reducing amount of salt in the diet • Regular exercise • Limiting alcohol drinking How do I know If I have High Blood pressure? • If your blood pressure is extremely high, you may have unusually strong headaches, chest pain, and heart failure (especially difficulty of breathing and poor exercise tolerance). • If having any of these symptoms , seek treatment immediately SMOKING • • Most common and poses significant danger to the health of most people. Related to at least 40 diseases and 20 types of cancers (e.g oropharyngeal, esopharyngeal, laryngeal, and anal) • Carries special risks for pregnant women (e.g miscarriages and SIDS) How smoking causes harm? Dose related that is: • • • • Number of cigarettes smoked Duration of smoking Age started Pattern of inhaling Harmful substances found on Tobacco: Tobacco – contains more than 4000 chemicals, 43 of which are proven to be carcinogenic.  Tar – deposited in the lungs, which in turns paralyzes the cleaning mechanisms (cilia) and damages the air sacs (alveoli). Responsible for many of the cancers and diseases of the lungs  Nicotine – an addicting substance as well as one of the main factors that causes the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Used in insecticide  Carbon Monoxide – produce hypoxia and reduces the O2 carrying capacity of the blood because it competes with oxygen and has a greater affinity to hemoglobin. Found in exhaust fumes.  Acetone – used in nail polish remover.  Acetic Acid – used in vinegar. Concentrated acetic acid is corrosive and must, therefore, be handled with appropriate care, since it can cause skin burns, permanent eye damage, and irritation to the mucous membranes. Dilute acetic acid, in the form of vinegar, is harmless. However, ingestion of stronger solutions is dangerous to human and animal life.  Arsenic – used to make rat poison.  Butane – used in cigarette lighter fluid. Causes euphoria, drowsiness and cardiac arrhythmias  Cadmium – used in rechargeable batteries.  Formaldehyde – used to preserve dead bodies.  Hexamine – used in lighter fluid  Hydrogen cyanide – used in gas chambers  Methane – used liked gasoline.  Naphthalene – used to make moth balls.  Nitrobenzene – used in gasoline additive.  Nitrous oxide – used in disinfectant.  DDT/Dieldrin – used in insecticide.  Ethanol – alcohol.  Stearic acid – used in candle wax.  Toluene – used as industrial solvent.  Vinyl chloride – used to make PVC* pipes. *plastic* What happens to your body when you stop smoking? Within 20 minutes: • • Blood pressure normalizes Pulse rate normalizes Within2 – ½ weeks: • • Lung function improves by 30% Risk of heart attack significantly • Body temp. of hands and feet normalizes • reduces Circulation will continue to Within 8 hours: • Carbon monoxide level in the body normalizes improve Within 1 – 9 mos: • Incidence of coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, shortness of breath decreases • • O2 level in the body normalizes Cilia (hair – like structures) in the lungs regrows, increasing the ability to handle mucus, clean start the lungs reduce infections • Body’s overall energy level increases Within 24 hours: • Heart attack chances decreases Within 48 hours: • • Nerve endings regrow Blood circulation improves on hands and feet • Ability to taste and smell • After 5 years: • Cancer chances greatly decreases Risk of heart disease is significantly reduced changes dramatically Within 72 hours: • • Breathing is easier Lung capacity starts to increase After 10 years: • Lung cancer chances are kept to minimum • Pre – cancerous cells are replaced • Chances of other cigarette – related cancers are decreased ORDINANCE NO. 043-02 Series of 2002 THE COMPREHENSIVE ANTI-SMOKING ORDINANCE OF DAVAO CITY Be it ordained by the Sangguniang Panlungsod of the City of Davao, in session assembled that: SECTION 1. TITLE. – Be it ordained that this Ordinance shall be known as, “ THE COMPREHENSIVE ANTI-SMOKING ORDINANCE OF DAVAO CITY “; SECTION 2. COVERAGE. – It shall be unlawful for any person to smoke or allow smoking in a public utility vehicle, government-owned vehicle or any other means of public transport for passengers, accommodation and entertainment establishment, public building, public place, as defined in Section 3 (e) hereunder, enclosed public place, or in any enclosed area outside of ones private residence, private place of works, cars owned by the government or duly designated smoking areas, within the jurisdiction of Davao City; SECTION 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS. A.) Smoking refers to the lighting and/or puffing of any lighted cigarette, cigar, tobacco or any other kind, form or type. Possession of any lighted cigarette, cigar, tobacco and the like within the prohibited areas for smoking shall constitute a prima facie evidence as an act of smoking prohibited under this Ordinance; B.) Public Utility Vehicle Refers to Public Utility Jeepneys (PUJs), Public Utility Buses (PUBs), taxis, tricycles and other public utility vehicles used in the transport of passengers; C.) Accommodation & Entertainment Establishment refer to restaurants, fast foods, eateries, hotels, motels, lodges, inns, boarding houses, disco houses, videoke bars, resto bars, and movie houses, or any other place with pleasant environment and atmosphere conducive to comfort, healthful relaxation and rest, offering foods, sleeping accommodation and recreation facilities to the public for a fee; D.) Public Building refers to any of the following: 1.) A building structure owned by the government or owned by a private person but used, rented or occupied by the government or any of its instrumentalities; 2.) Any building or structure used, or controlled exclusively for public purposes by any department or branch of government, local government unit or barangay without references to the ownership of the building. E.) Public Place refers to gasoline stations, bank, malls, town squares, terminals, shopping/business arcades, schools, churches, hospitals, cinema houses, gymnasiums, funerals parlors, barber shops, and other similar places where people usually congregate either to while away their time or to listen or attend concerts, rallies, program such as, but not limited to, Rizal Park, Freedom Park, Magsaysay Park, Osmeña Park, and the like; F.) Designated Smoking Room refers to a delineated room inside the accommodation establishment, or public place or enclosed public place, which is totally enclosed where a person is allowed to smoke without violating this Ordinance. Any duly designated room/ area in accommodation and entertainment establishments whether tourism accredited or not, within the territorial jurisdiction of Davao City as hereinabove defined, provided, the following conditions are met; 1.) If the accommodation and entertainment establishment is airconditioned, it must establish and designate a smoking room which shall not be more than ¼ of the total accommodation area of the establishment, that is air-conditioned and equipped with an exhaust fan and totally enclosed on all A.) Manager incase of a company, corporation, or association or the owner/ proprietor or operator in case of single proprietorship, of accommodation and entertainment establishments, whether tourism-accredited or not, who knowingly allows, abets or tolerates and/ or fails to warn, advise or report violators of this Ordinance to any policeman or nearest station within three (3) hours of the violation; SECTION 6. The City Health Office and City Engineer’s Office are tasked to inspect and certify the appropriateness of the designated smoking areas provided by accommodation establishments whether tourism-accredited or not, taking into consideration the purpose of the law which is to protect nonsmokers from the pernicious effects of tabacco smoke; Sixty (60) days after affectively of this Ordinance, the City Health Office in coordination with the Office of the Business Bureau shall conduct an ocular inspection of all non-accredited tourism establishments in Davao City to determine compliance with the requirements of this Ordinance. For tourism-accredited accommodation and entertainment establishments, the ocular inspection shall be conducted by the City Health Office in coordination with the City Tourism Office and the Office of the Business Bureau. A period of sixty (60) days shall be given to the management of the accommodation and entertainment establishment to comply with the requirements of this Ordinance. Non-compliance with the requirements set forth in this section shall be a ground for cancellation of the business permit by the Office of the Business Bureau. SECTION 7. Violators of this Ordinance shall be subject to a fine of not less than Php 500.00 nor more than Php 2,000.00 or imprisonment of not less that one (1) month nor more than six (6) months or both, at the discretion of the Court, except for Paragraphs 2 & 3 hereunder. 1.) In case of establishment which do not opt to declare their establishment as totally free from smoking but fails to provide the appropriate designated smoking areas as certified by the City Health Office and City Engineer’s Office within the 60-day period specified in Section 6 hereof, their business permit may be revoked; 2.) In case where there is failure to warn or advised would-be violators of this Ordinance, or failure to report violators as required in Section 5 (c ) hereof or smoking is allowed, abetted or tolerated in establishment in violation of this Ordinance, a penalty shall be imposed upon the President or Manager in case of corporations, partnerships or associations, or the owner, proprietor or operator in case of single proprietorship, whether tourism-accredited or not as follows: First Offense PhP 300.00 or 1 month imprisonment or both at the discretion of the court Second Offense PhP 500.00 2 month imprisonment or both at the discretion of the court Third and subsequent offenses PhP 1,000.00 or 4 moths imprisonment or both at the discretion of the court 3.) For drivers/ passengers of Public Utility Vehicles (PUVs) Fisrt Offense PhP 100.00 or 1 month imprisonment or both at the discretion of the court Second Offense PhP 300.00 or 2 months imprisonment or both at the discretion of the court Third Offense PhP 500.00 or 3 months imprisonment or both at the discretion of the court 4.) Three (3) violation of this Ordinance shall be ground for cancellation the establishment’s business permit SECTION 8. POSTING OF BILLBOARD: The City Engineer’s Office is hereby tasked to put billboards in a conspicuous place in the City to notify the public of the restrictions, sanctions and penalties provided in the Ordinance. SECTION 9. The Philippine National Police (PNP) is tasked with the proper and vigorous implementation of this Ordinance. SECTION 10. SEPARABILITY CLAUSE. If, for any reason or reasons, any parts or provision of this ordinance shall declared unconstitutional or invalid, other parts or provisions thereof not affected shall continue to be in full force and effect. SECTION 11. REPEALING CLAUSE. All existing Anti-Smoking Ordinance are hereby repealed. SECTION 12. EFFECTIVITY CLAUSE. The Ordinance shall take effect sixty (60) days after its approval and publication in a newspaper of local circulation consistent with the provision of the Local Government Code, as amended. ENACTED, July 30, 2002 by a unanimous vote of all the Members of the Sangguniang Panlungsod. ALCOHOL DRINKING ALCOHOL DRINKING • • frequent alcohol drinking if drunk, driving, operation of machineries or any activity that needs mental comprehension is contraindicated. DISEASES THAT COULD BE ACQUIRED THROUGH ALCOHOL DRINKING • • • • • • TIPS: HYPERTENSION OBESITY CANCER LIVER DAMAGE HEART FAILURE STROKE • • • Control tha amount of alcohol taken If invited into a drinking spree, saying “NO” is advised It is best to stop dringking alcoholic drinks NO TO SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE Sedentary lifestyle? • Lifestyle that has little or no exercise practiced. Diseases that could be acquired: • • • • • • Cardiovascular problems Diabetes Obesity Cancer Hypertension Osteoporosis Be Active! • Physical activity 1. growing plants 2. doing household chores • Exercise 1. walking 2. jogging ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION Cleanliness is very important in any place, whether it's a public place, business establishment etc. To keep a particular area clean there should be a proper waste disposal to keep harmful litter away from the people. Proper waste disposal should be done even inside your house, especially to those places where your little kids usually stay, run, play around and sleep, for kids have more vulnerable immune system than ours. Keeping all your areas at home clean can keep your family away from any forms of health risks. Proper waste disposal minimizes the spread of infections and reduces the risk of accidental injury to staff, clients, visitors, and the local community and it helps provide an aesthetically pleasing atmosphere. It also reduces odors and reduces the likelihood of contamination of the soil or groundwater with chemicals or microorganisms. Proper waste disposal is of great importance to both rural and urban areas. Not doing this may bring us to danger in many ways and surely everybody knows this. Time and again, people are always being educated about the importance of waste disposal but then this process should not stop because every now and then, people forget. A. Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable Biodegradable means that natural processes can break down the material into their natural components. Whereas, non-biodegradable materials would not be affected by natural processes that would break the material down. Plastic usually is non-biodegradable, because there are very few natural processes that could break the plastic down into smaller elements, whereas something like wood, will rot and decay and be recycled back into the soil. Biodegradable wastes decompose into soil. • Kitchen • Garden • Paper food scraps waste and egg shells and animal waste boxes • Human • cardboard Non-biodegradable wastes take a long time or never to decompose. • metal cans • bottles • toxic chemicals products • plastic • metal • scraps B. The Importance Of Waste Segregation The food we eat, the air we breathe and the water we drink are all polluted. It seems that there is no place on earth that is safe to dwell in. Nobody is to blame in man's present predicament but man himself. People had been taught on the proper disposal of trash yet they continue to do their own convenient way. The polluted environment has caused many diseases and some even resulted to death. Biodegradable waste consists of organic waste. These are the kitchen garbage, the vegetables, fruits, flowers, leaves and paper. Biodegradability is associated with materials that can be decomposed into non-toxic by-products. It has to be an organic substance. These need to be broken down by microorganism to become compost and be useable by plants. Any biodegradable item that ends in a landfill instead of being converted into compost can be worst. Non-biodegradable wastes are those that do not decay. This type can be further classified into three sub classes - the recyclable waste, toxic waste and soiled. Recyclable wastes consist of plastics, paper, glass, metals and many others. The toxic wastes, which are the most harmful to man, consist of medicines, paints, spray cans, bulbs, chemicals, fertilizer and pesticide containers. Used batteries fall under this category. The soiled wastes are hospital wastes that includes blood soiled clothes and other clothes soiled by other body fluids. The toxic and the soiled trash must be disposed of properly and under guidance. These are most harmful to men. Man should know how to segregate his trash into these classifications otherwise their health will be placed in extreme jeopardy. The government had already given the colors of trash cans where each type of garbage is classified into. If man persists to do his wrongful garbage disposal, pollution will continue incessantly. If man wants to live healthy and health hazard free, he should start abiding by the rules on waste segregation. One recommended solution to this is to color code the plastic garbage bags - green for biodegradable, yellow for infectious or toxic wastes and black for non-biodegradable. B. Recycling Recycling involves processing used, unwanted materials (waste) into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution (from incineration) and water pollution (from landfilling) by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to virgin production. Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle" waste hierarchy. C. Importance of Recycling Saving Resources A pretty commonsense argument in favor of recycling. It is always good to reuse metal items as the metal reserves may be depleting. Even the metal object which you think is woefully useless and rusted, can be revamped and resold, and you can hardly tell the difference. The importance of recycling paper, like I said, is that it can help save our forests. Saving Energy Confused? Recycling materials not only saves resources, but can also help save energy. When we throw out something we have labeled useless, we throw out a processed product. Suppose you have a rusty, broken door knob. There was obviously some time, energy and people involved in the process that made processed metal and turned it into a doorknob. By simply recycling it or make some basic fixes to it, we save all the energy that would have been consumed in the process of making it. Same with plastic items. A lot of energy can be saved by simply reusing the plastic items. Reduce Pollution How does recycling affect the environment? Simple. Let me take an example to elucidate the importance of recycling plastic. Now say everyone decides not to recycle plastic. Then the plastic-making factories will be running full steam ahead. And by steam I mean smoke. If the production increases, the air pollution too will increase. And the factories that have not invested in a pro-environment waste disposal system will ruin our atmosphere. These who have liquid waste emissions without a waste water treatment system, will cause water pollution. Hence indirect as it may seem, if recycling helps cut down our production, it will help reduce emissions as well. Read on for more about plastic recycling. Other Benefits Well I said before that food cannot be recycled, but the excreta can. Biomass can be used to produce energy as well as fertilizers. Think of all the money you'll save on fertilizers if you just had a simply collect the biomass somehow and put it to good use! GARBAGE disposal and SEGRAGATION KULANG! SAN PEDRO COLLEGE Nursing Department Community Organizing Participatory Active Research EVALUATION SHEET MGA PANGUTANA Questions Importante ba ang tama nga paglabay sa mga basura? Is proper garbge disposal important? Regular na ba nimong limpyuhan and palibot sa YES NO inyung balay sugod karon? Are you going to clean tehsurroundings of your house starting today? Importante ba ang regular nga konsultasyon sa doctor? Is it important to have regular check up with your doctor? Dapat ba nga iyabu ang mga naga pundo nga tubig sa mga drum ug ligid? Is it right to avoid stagnant water on drums and tires? Ang lamok ba nga hinungdan sa dengue kay makita sa tibuok lungsod sa Davao? Is the Dengue carrier can be found all over the city of Davao? Makatakod ba ang sakit nga TB? Is TB communicable? Dapat pa ba kita pagpalabi ug kaon sa mga pagkaon nga puno ug taba ug mamantikaon? Is it right to indulge yourself into fatty and oily foods? Mas nindut ba nga kung ang mga tao sa sulod sa usa ka baranggay kay dili manigarilyo ug dili mag inom? Is’nt it nice if the people in a barangay does not engage in smoking ang drinking? Pwede ba muinom ug ORS ang tao nga gi kalibanga? Does a person with diartrhea could take ORS? Pagkahuman ani nga aktibidad, mas hatagan ba nimo ug importansya ang imong panglawas? After this activity, are you going to cherish the things through body wellness? PHASE OUT In the phase out, this is where the objectives of the group were already attained. The organizers withdraw from self-reliant groups who will now continue to implement the cycle of direction setting, organizing, planning, implementation, and review for the benefit of the community members. This is also when we give our recommendations for the community and finishes our documentation for the COPAR rotation. Evaluation 1. Importante ba ang tama nga paglabay sa mga basura? (Is proper garbage disposal important?) Category YES NO TOTAL No. of residents 35 1 36 Percentage 97% 3% 100% tam ng pag a a labay s bas a ura 97% YES NO Figure 30 3% 2. Regular na ba nimong limpyuhan ang palibot sa inyong balay sugod karon? (Are you going to clean the surroundings of your house starting today?) Category YES NO TOTAL No. of residents 36 0 36 Percentage 100% 0% 100% R ular na pag pyo s bala eg lim a y 100% YES Figure 31 3. Importante ba ang regular nga konsultasyon sa doctor? (Is it important to have a regular check up with your doctor?) Category YES NO TOTAL No. of residents 35 1 36 Percentage 97% 3% 100% reg ular na k ultas os yon s doctor a 3 % YES 97% NO Figure 32 4. Dapat ba nga iyabo ang mga nagapundo nga tubig sa mga drum ug ligid? (Is is right to dispose stagnant water on drums and tires?) Category YES NO TOTAL No. of residents 31 5 36 Percentage 86% 14% 100% pag yabosa nag apundona tubigsa drumo lig id 86% YES NO 14% Figure 33 5. Ang lamok ba nga hinungdan sa dengue kay Makita sa tibuok lungsod sa Davao? (Can the dengue carrier be found all over Davao City?) Category YES NO TOTAL No. of residents 32 4 36 Percentage 89% 11% 100% m akitaba sa tibuok davao ang hinung danansa deng ue? 11% YES NO 89% Figure 34 6. Makatakod ba ang sakit na TB? (Is TB communicable?) Category YES NO TOTAL No. of residents 35 1 36 Percentage 97% 3% 100% m akatak baangsakitna deng od ue? 97% YES NO 3% Figure 35 7. Dapat pa ba kita magpalabi ug kaon sa mga pagkaon nga puno ug taba ug mamantikaon? (Is it right to eat too much fatty and oily foods?) Category YES NO TOTAL No. of residents 9 27 36 Percentage 25% 75% 100% m palabi sa pag ag kaon ugtaba ugm antikaonna pag kaon 25% YES 75% NO Figure 36 8. Mas nindot ba nga kung ang mga tao sa sulod sa usa ka barangay kay dili manigarilyo ug dili maginom? (Would it be nice if the people in a certain barangay do not engage in smoking and drinking?) Category YES NO TOTAL No. of residents 35 1 36 Percentage 97% 3% 100% nosm okingand drinking 3% YES NO 97% Figure 37 9. Pwede ba muinom ug ORS ang tao na gikalibanga? (Can a person with diarrhea take ORS?) Category YES NO TOTAL No. of residents 35 1 36 Percentage 97% 3% 100% pwedeba m akainomugORS 3% 97% Figure 38 10. Pagkahuman ani nga aktibidad, mas hatagan ba nimo ug importansya ang imong panglawas? (After our program, would you give more importance to your health?) Category YES NO TOTAL No. of residents 36 0 36 Percentage 100% 0% 100% m hatag ugim as an portansyaangpang lawas 1 0% 0 YES Through our evaluation, it showed that an average of 93.5 % of our audience have learned things with regard to the promotion of health. This could help them prevent acquisition of disease and alleviating condition that are already present not only to our clients but as well as their family and neighbors. Recommendation The program that the group conducted for the participants may help in the promotion of health all thoughout the community. Thus, the group recommends for further evaluation in the community such as case finding for communicable diseases as we encountered residents in the barangay that looks very thin and ill but doesn’t pay visit in the health center or any doctor and there were number of residents who also have undergone thoracentesis. Environmental issues are also included as constant “bayanihan” may be held to promote cleanliness of the surroundings in Purok 8-B.