Antena Wifi

Transcript

www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com Norbert R. Ibañez 1 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com THE JOLLY ROGERS UNDERGROUND PVC ANTENA PIRATA WIFI Manual for the build of antennas pirate WIFI in PVC I design of cover and maquetación, for the own Author Copyright ©By Norbert R. Ibañez 2007 Form digital edition in Spain, Europe NORBOOKS Editions 2007 e-mail contact: [email protected] Also for the author, available free in http://www.documento.com Translation of English to Spanish THE DISK DE NEBRA Literary engineering Comments on the Hand written Voynich Interesting Blogers: Bloger http://informaniaticos.blogspot.com Bloger http://snorfymaster.blogspot.com Bloger http://mariagarciaesperon.blogspot.com/ Webs Friends: http://www.microlloret.com [email protected] Norbert R. Ibañez 2 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com WARNING The author is not liable for any environment, from the use or misuse of the knowledge described herein, nor of the potential damage arising out of the use or application of this information. This information is offered as academic study, and is not exempt from possible errors. Security measures WIFI are becoming more sophisticated technology as it moves involved. THIS MATERIAL IS SUBJECTED TO SUGGESTIONS AND CONTINUING REVIEWS BY WHICH MAY BE WITHDRAWN WITHOUT NOTICE AND REVISED AT ANY TIME. REQUEST SORRY BY THIS, AND WHAT IS THE IMPROVEMENT OF THIS MATERIAL. NOTICE I apologize for the days that this document was not published for the public to forgive English speakers. I that I have received notices about some details that were not well explained, and he had to double-check the work Spanish first, and then Translation is the best I could in English, which is not my language, and that you can believe it, is not as simple as it seems because people have our own Jergón. I have endeavoured all that has allowed me to my knowledge. And here you have already reviewed the document. I hope you like this. If there is someone who is not happy, In English indicate a clear, which is what we do not understand and hare what it can to improve it. Norbert R. Ibañez 3 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com FREE DISTRIBUTION FORBIDDEN THEIR COMMERCIAL SALE Norbert R. Ibañez 4 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com THE JOLLY ROGERS UNDERGROUND PVC ANTENNA PIRATE WIFI EXPERIMENTAL MANUAL OF BUILD OF ANTENNAS WIFI DE FORMS PROFESSIONAL IN PVC V.1.0 BUILD and Design in PVC By Norbert R. Ibañez 31 of July 2007 SPAIN, EUROPE. 2007, Produced for NORBERT R. Ibañez Norbert R. Ibañez 5 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com The Obtained professional Knowledge in the Build Antennas in PVC BUILD IN PVC DE ANTENNAS WIFI FOR THE BAND OF 2,463 GHZ Norbert R. Ibañez THE.INFORMANIATICOS.NET http://www.informaniaticos.blospot.com Norbert R. Ibañez 6 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com EXPERIMENTAL PROJECTS TO CAPTURE TELECOMMUNICATIONS WIFI By Norbert R. Ibañez Norbert R. Ibañez 7 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com WARNING COPYRIGHT LITERARY PROPERTY © 2007 THIS MATERIAL HAS PATENTED. DON’T MAKE STUPIDITIES OR INDUSTRIAL COPYS OF THIS PATENTED MATERIAL. THE ALL RESERVED COPYRIGHT. NO PART OF THIS WORK CAN REPRODUCE OR TO BE REPRINTED FOR COMMERCIAL USE WITHOUT THE AUTHOR'S PERMISSION. EXCEPT FOR ABILITY OF SCIENCES IN UNIVERSITY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE CLASSROOM AND ENGINEERING OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TO PUBLISH THIS MATERIAL IN MAGAZINES, WEBS, BLOGS, ETC, PERMISSION SHOULD BE REQUESTED AND TO MENTION THE AUTHOR. FIRST VERSION THE 12 DE JULY 2007 Norbert R. Ibañez 8 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com WARNING OF SECURITY THE EXPERIMENTATION OR MANUFACTURE OF ANTENNAS DE WIFI FOR WIRELESS NETS NOT THIS EXEMPT OF RISKS AND IN SOME CASES; IT IS VERY DANGEROUS TO PIRATE A WIRELESS NET. IN CERTAIN CASES, IF THEY BREAK ENCRYPTED KEYS IT COULD BE ILLEGAL. THIS INFORMATION ONLY OFFERS AS INVESTIGATION AND WITH THE EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE. THE AUTHOR DOESN'T ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY SOME FOR THE USE OR THE WRONG USE THAT DE OF THIS CONTAINED INFORMATION IN THIS PROJECT. ALL THE INFORMATION, YOU FORMULATE AND DATA OF THE BUILD THAT ARE PRESENTED THIS BOOK ONLY OFFER FOR THE ACADEMIC STUDY. I STUDY ACADEMIC IT IS THE CLASSIFICATION THAT THE TUTORIALS RECEIVES (PAPERS) TO DESCRIBE THAT THEY ONLY OFFER WITH EDUCATIONAL ULTIMATE, IT DOESN'T STOP AND WITH OTHER PURPOSES. Norbert R. Ibañez 9 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com RULES OF GENERAL SECURITY TO BE CAREFUL AND TO NOTICE THAT THE MANIPULATION OF MATERIALS OF COMPOSITION OF THE PVC IS EXTREMELY CHANCY WHEN HE/SHE UNDERGOES IT THE FRICTION FOR IT SCHEMES, SAW MANUALS OR MECHANICAL, TO THE PERFORATION WITH DRILLS, THERMAL WELDINGS OR WITH PASTES SALTPETER CELLULOSIC’S, OR MODELATIÓN WITH HEAT, OR ONE WORKS WITH STATIC ELECTRICITY, OR SHARP TOOLS. THE MANUFACTURE OF PIECES OF PVC INVOLVES RISKS BECAUSE THE COMPOSITION OF THE PVC IS TOXIC (THE FINE POWDER THAT COMES OFF ACCUMULATES IN THE LUNGS), BUT MORE DANGEROUS IT IS WHEN ONE TRIES TO MANUFACTURE IMPROVISED PIECES WITHOUT TAKING THE APPROPRIATE CAUTIONS OF SECURITY. THE PIECES OF PVC ARE OF DANGEROUS BECAUSE IS VERY UNSTABLE MANIPULATION IT, DUE TO THE DIFFICULTY OF HOLDING THEM. IN THE OUTLINES THAT WE PRESENT AND USED FORMULAS IN THIS BOOK, IT IS NOTICED THAT THE PIECES CAN COME OUT FAREWELLS, TO SLIDE, TO SLIP, IN AN ABRUPT AND UNEXPECTED WAY. THE TECHNICIAN FOND OF THE BUILD OF ANTENNAS WIFI SHOULD UNDERSTAND THE RISKS OF EXPERIMENTED LESIONS IN THE EYES FOR THE POWDER OF PVC, INTOXICATION FOR THE PASTES, OR EVEN TO HAVE SUPREME CARE WITH THE VIOLENT COMPLETELY FORTUITOUS BLOWS THAT IT CAN SUFFER IF HE/SHE ESCAPES A TOOL IN THE FACE OR IN ANY PART OF THE BODY. HE/SHE SHOULD ALSO HAVE END CARE WITH THE PASTES SALTPETER CELLULOSIC’S, BECAUSE THEY ARE SUFFOCATING OR THEY CAUSE HALLUCINATIONS, AND THEY ARE INCENDIARIES TO THE CONTACT WITH A CIGARETTE, OR TOXIC FOR CONTACT WITH THE SKIN AND EYES. THE HANDS AND THE EYES ARE THE TWO POINTS MORE EXPOSED TO THIS TYPE OF RISKS AND THE RESULTS ARE ALWAYS CATASTROPHIC IF A PIERCING TOOL IS NAILED IN THE FACE OR IN THE EYES IN AN ACCIDENTAL WAY. I DON'T SPEAK TO SPEAK. Norbert R. Ibañez 10 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com THE BLOWS, TRAPPED, PRODUCED ACCIDENTAL PINCHES FOR THE MECHANICAL MANIPULATION OF THESE MADE UP OF PVC ARE THOSE THAT PRODUCE MA SERIOUS LESIONS OR LOSSES FOR UNEXPECTED CUTTERS. THE TRUST OR THE NEGLIGENCE. THE FORGETFULNESS OR THE EXCESS OF TRUST IN THAT ONE KNOWS WHAT IS MADE, AND THAT HE/SHE HAS NEVER SPENT TO ME. THIS DESCRIPTION CAN HELP YOU TO UNDERSTAND THE CATEGORY OF ACCIDENTS FOR NEGLIGENCE, FORGETFULNESS, CUTTERINGS OF A FINGER PUNZAMIENTO, BURNS FOR ELECTRIC WELDING. SECURITY ABOVE ALL PLEASE, HE/SHE TAKES THESE WARNINGS SERIOUSLY AND IT CONCERNS THE NORMS OF SECURITY. HE/SHE WORKS WITH GLOVES, AND PARALYTIC PROTECTORS, AND IN WELL-VENTILATED PLACES. LEGAL OR ILLEGAL THE WIFIHACKTIVISMO IN THE NET? UNTIL THE MOMENT IT IS NOT ILLEGAL TO CAPTURE WIRELESS SIGNS OF A REMOTE SOURCE AND ANONYMOUS SENDER PROVIDED THE SIGN NOT THIS ENCRYPTED, BUT IF IT IS ILLEGAL TO USE THOSE CONNECTIONS THAT ARE EMITTED IN OPEN WAY USING THEM TO MAKE A CRIME. THAT IT IS YOU CLEAR THE DIFFERENCE. Norbert R. Ibañez 11 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com FOREWORD 1. COMMENT This manual of Reference of Quick build of the antennas WIFI in PVC The Jolly Rogers, concentrates the Professional Knowledge learned with the Obtained Experience, in the 2007. It tries on the Special Problems; the personal design and Build of Antennas WIFI in a Professional way in PVC, and it is published the learning and dissemination of useful information that it has not never been published up to now in the existent manuals of Telecommunications to assure. The Series Jolly Rogers is a Special category of Experimental publication; that picks up the information, some progresses and the experience of works has more than enough Antennas WIFI that I have made in the build of Antennas. 2. REACH This reference publication supplements the existent manuals -the small advanced techniques of build of Antennas WIFI: the Design, Experimentation, the Materials, the measures, and the most common problems for the build of a model of extremely professional Antenna. This manual has been written by a necessity he/she practices, and this volume is an excellent summary of lessons that I have learned during the phase of design build, experimentation and tests the 31 of Julio 2007. I recommend to those all the students of Engineering in Telecommunications and Interested in this project that you/they study the presented principles. Norbert R. Ibañez 12 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com 3. THAT IT WORKS Reviewed and approved of errors for their distribution in this date. 31-MARCH-2008 WORKSHOP OF EXPERIMENTS (THE.INFORMANITICOS.NET) WWW.INFORMANIATICOS.BLOGSPOT.COM Spain, Europe, TYPE OF DISTRIBUTION: “ACADEMIC STUDY ONLY” Norbert R. Ibañez 13 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com INTRODUCTION Whenever somebody writes a text, or a book, or a manual that cannot be considered as “Official”, especially in the world side of the Underground he/she is applied the classification of Jolly Rogers in analogy to that it is a work or a material that it doesn't respect the conventional official rules. A work classified as Jolly Rogers is a publication form that exhibits or he/she announces the intention that it contains technical secret or you not devise official. But exactly, when a somebody says of a CD, or of a Hacker, or of a program, or of a manual that is an authentic Jolly Rogers, this saying that it is a non official material and that he/she has certain quality of illegality. In the net there is many material Jolly other authors' Rogers. I explain to you the Classification Jolly alone Rogers so that you understand finally that it is the term or alias with which things are absolutely not published official. A Writer that is able to write on any secret topic, the Nick of Jolly also receives Rogers, and frequently he is mentioned in the circles Hackers like the work of a Jolly Rogers. To sum up who is always their author first Jolly Roger it is mentioned and next their Nick, for example The Jolly Rogers ByNoR. As for the real history of the Jolly Rogers, is a very interesting history that I leave you as introduction to my Work of Jolly Rogers WIFI and my own theory on the word Jolly Rogers. Norbert R. Ibañez 14 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com IT AUTHENTICATES IT HISTORY DE JOLLY ROGERS The traditional flag of the old pirates from Europe and America received the name of Jolly Roger, with the current image of a crossed skull for two bones on a black bottom. However, they exist a great quantity of variants of this flag. Jack Rackham (Jack the Calico) and Thomas Tew, used variations with swords. Edward Teach (alias Barbanegra) it used a skeleton sustaining a clock of sand in a hand and a dart or lance in the other one, at the time that remained beside a bleeding heart. Bartholomew Roberts (also well-known as Bart the Black one) it used two variations: A man and a skeleton that sustain a lance in a hand, while together a clock of sand or a glass or an armed man of foot grab on two skulls on the letters ABH and AMH (TO Barbadian's Head and TO Martinican's Head, symbolizes that each one of the skulls belongs to inhabitants from Barbados and of Martinique, meaning that the death waited them). The skeletons dancing meant that the pirates worried about their destination. The anarchist groups have also used the flag of the skull and the crossed bones (The Jolly Rogers) it was used later on by the Chetniks, and it with certain frequency as for example the one used by the Black Army. Origins of the term The origins of the term “Jolly Roger” they are not clear, and several theories exist in this respect. One of them indicates that it comes from the French term “joli rouge” (red beautiful) that the Englishmen later on corrupted to “Jolly Roger.” Although it is certain that a series of red flags that you/they were so feared, existed or more that the black flags", this explanation seems unlikely for three reasons. In the first place, the first well-known name of the black flag it was “Old Roger”, appearing “Jolly” later. In second place, the red flag was not copied of the French, for what seems reasonable that neither was it the black flag. In third and last place, evidence doesn't exist some that the term “Jolly Rouge” it was employee at some time to make reference to any flag type. Norbert R. Ibañez 15 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com The origin of the red flags can be in those that the English corsairs used for order of the Admiralty in 1664, the net jack. At the end of the Guerra of Spanish Succession in 1714, many of the corsairs became pirates and some of them conserved the red flag, symbolizing the blood in combat. It doesn't care as much as the sailors could fear the black color of the pirates, all hoped not to meet with the joli rouge. The red flag that he/she declared the intentions of the pirates shamelessly: questions are not asked and a life is not forgiven. Some theories affirm that the Jolly Roger could have their antecedents in the badges you would temper. The term was continued using for the black flag with a skull and bones that he/she appeared on the 1700. There is another theory, also leaving of the term “joli rouge.” Seemingly, a Catholic order of warring monks, well known as the Poor Soldiers of Christ and Salomón's Temple, they were the first ones in using the red flag. The bond between the monks and the pirates is verified by the fact that the Templaries fought for its cause in the sea, becoming pirates. In combat, many merchant they were surprised when a ship changed its national flag allied by the prodigious Jolly Roger that was the strong effect that was wanted to cause quickly. Another theory intends that the leader of a group of Asian pirates was named Ali it Rends, “King of the Sea”, the English pirates appropriated and they corrupted the term. A theory that he/she goes further on indicates that the name could come from the English word “roger”, meaning wandering vagabond: “Old Roger” it was the Devil's appellative. My own theory also has some likeness interesting. You that the pirates had certain liking to deform the words and to create new words –Jergón starting from other already existent. Therefore, Jolly would derive of the word holly, deformed of the pronunciation hole, holly serious hole; hole, being marked as Jolly. And serious Roger a derivation of Rogue, that is to say, scamp, but marked it would sound as Roger. This way and with these two words, and finding the contextual relationship, we realize that a Roguish agujerado was a pirate that perforated the helmets of the ships with its canyons with a cunning likewise. Norbert R. Ibañez 16 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com It also exists the possibility that he/she makes reference to the flag, for a stranger game of words; Jolly as Jewel and Roguer (astute devil), being as “the Devil's Jewel.” But the Jewel of a devil in the context of the alone pirates could belong together with that that them more they loved that it was its flag because he/she announced its lifestyle. In their book Pirates & The Lost to Temper Fleet", David Hatcher Childress affirms that the term was coined by reference to the first man that hoisted the flag, the king Roger II of Sicily (c. 1095-1154). Roger was a Lord famous templar that had a public dispute with the Pope for his conquests in Apulia and Salerno in 1127. Childress affirms that, many years after the Templaries was dissolved by the Church, at least a fleet would temper it was divided in four independent fleets that were devoted to the piracy against any ship of any country that shows sympathies toward Rome. The flag was then an inheritance and the crossed bones were an obvious reference to the shield original templar of a red cross with the open tips. But this seems unlikely, since the Gentlemen Templaries used a Greek cross and not San Andrés' cross (X), which is the one used in the flags pirates. Anyway, neither Childress neither nobody has given current evidence that the Templaries at some time hoisted a flag like that that the fleet of the Templaries was view after the breakup of the Order or that connection exists some between the Templaries and the Age of Gold of the piracy. The true origin lies in the fact that from the beginning of the Roman times, during the whole Half Age, skulls and long bones were in exhibition in catacombs, monasteries, churches, crypts of churches and cemeteries. These are the bones that resist the decomposition for more time and that they last a lot of time after the cadaver disappears. For what you/they were placed carefully in the exterior as respect to the deceased. Norbert R. Ibañez 17 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com I use in the practice At first sight, it can seem a bad idea to notice of the intentions hoisting the Jolly Roger. However, this can be seen as an early form of psychological war. The main interest of a pirate is to capture the intact objective ship, together with any load that can contain. With a reputation the sufficiently sanguinary thing, a pirate that throws to the wind the Jolly Roger could intimidate the enemy company and to force her to surrender without shooting neither a single canyon. Typically, if a ship decided to resist, the Jolly Roger was picked up and the red flag ran off with, indicating that the pirates will take the ship for the force and without showing any compassion. It was expected in many companies that this course of the action could help to extend the idea that to resist was a bad idea for the ship. To hoist the Jolly too soon Roger as only flag also had their disadvantages. The enemy ship could have enough time to escape. Also, the ships of war were often low orders of shooting to any ship that shows this flag. And this is all that is known about the Jolly Rogers. That you enjoy it… Norbert R. Ibañez 18 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com SECTION I GENERAL DESCRIPTION Every time the phone rates of access to Internet, are more expensive, and a lot of people he/she has difficulties to maintain a connection to payment Internet (70 Fuck monthly Eurus with the Monkey-Espolio, monopoly), for one ADSL of 2 Megas lines, it plane tariffs 24 hours, with calls to fixed without limits. This has made a lot of people to look for resources for free, just as capturing a Wirelees (WIFI) of some PAC (Acces Point Proxy) Point of Near Access with the one that to be able to intercept the access supply free to form Internet. In this tutorial, with pictures, we will learn how to build an antenna model economic directional homemade WIFI Jolly Rogers that you can manufacture in PVC and to connect a Router LinkSys WRT54GL that works perfectly and it develops a reach (Proven) of 16 Kilometers like minimum, and up to 20 Kilometers if the emission horizon this quite clear of obstacles. A lot of people have wondered if this type of Antenna could buy himself commercially in stores professionals. My answer is of course that if. Although given my wide experience in the production of professional antennas and of high quality, this design Jolly Rogers has been more effective than the own antennas manufactured commercially. I have applied my simple physics knowledge, mathematics, computer science and telecommunications to be able to improve the yield and the reach of the antennas spectacularly here directive Yagi described. Norbert R. Ibañez 19 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com WARNING If you want an antenna of high quality, you can buy it commercially of “it Marks” and to save you a lot of work to manufacture a homemade antenna. The commercial antenna has a cost of about 45-60 Eurus depending on the power in Dbs of the antenna that your you want, even reaching the prohibitive cost of 300 Eurus, while that of standard use (The but cheap of commercial mark) it leaves for around the 60 Eurus and he/she has a yield seemed the one that here is manufactured. In this tutorial we will build in a homemade way a model of called antenna Jolly Rogers that has a modest basic cost of so single 20 Eurus in material, that which not this anything wrong for the pocket. And also, it bends in real effectiveness, the yield and reach to commercial anyone of the most professional. I make this comment because there are people that enters in this of being built an antenna, being believed that it is the brilliant project, and then they are sorry but it takes of the obtained results because the antenna also gives what you/they give the variation of some collateral factors indirectly; as Firmware and power of the router, speed of the card LAN, Wire type WIFI, isolation of the antenna, meteorological weather, geographical localization, etc… I am aware that many Internet users they have proven everything and they have finished something disappointed. They have used all type of materials; from the surprising antenna of can of fried potatoes Pringles (That it works in strange occasions, because he/she has some carafe shortcomings in their calculations, measures and calibrations), until a can of coffee, of sauce, of olives, of Nesquick, a paella, a grill of roasting meat, an enormous grill of aluminum and of course our antenna model Jolly Rogers manufactured very professionally in PVC that he/she would leave amazed to all these improvised makers with their design, power, reduced cost, and high yield, and discreet size. Norbert R. Ibañez 20 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com Section II PURPOSE I have written this tutorial like a tool of homemade Engineering so that anyone can begin in the knowledge and security of the WIFI and in the professional production of antennas as regards telecommunications and, in the secret capture of nets WIFI to consent free for free to Internet. Anyone that interests him to be made free with a connection to Internet needed an Antenna WIFI of high precision and without having to pay 300 Eurus, besides a Router LinkSys WRT54GL, with a special Firmware that it is necessary to insert him so that he/she works with signs Pirate. This tutorial this based on a project that it has been proven during the year 2007 and it works, and it seeks to disclose the build of the antenna homemade Jolly Rogers for wireless nets WIFI (protocol IEEE 802.11b and g), among the Internet users that it interests them to be built an Antenna WIFI, with the one that to be able to consent free to Internet. Norbert R. Ibañez 21 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com SECTION III NAVIGATING FREE WITH A PROXY WIFI The technology of the wireless nets WIFI (Wirelees Fidelity) he/she has the enormous advantage of offering a certain clandestine connection to which seeks to capture a net WIFI and to navigate free for internet. You look at it for this side… Your these in your house, without any hired connection in an official way; for the rest of the world your you don't have Internet, and therefore you don't have presence in the Ciber space and consequently you don't exist for nobody. You are a practically anonymous Internet user for that your sailing takes place exactly from behind of the PC (Proxy/Router) that if he/she has hired Officially one ADSL it Lines. So any secret Connection settled down by Wirelees, it is partly as navigating as client of an absolutely anonymous Proxy. In any sailing that your you make, the IP that you used will be the one from the PC to which you connect yourself far for the WIFI for that your you don't have IP, since you receive it for DHCP from the PC, just as you leave in this outline. Norbert R. Ibañez 22 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com That is to say, a potential WIFIHacker can be in an urban nucleus, near a company, or for the arroundings of a school it publishes, in the proximities of a Ciber Coffee with WIFI, in a park I publish with open WIFI, in an airport etc or a terminal of buses, and to have access to the connection to Internet without problems thanks to the Jolly Rogers. At the moment many users’ domestic and also small offices, and big companies, spread to use wireless nets WIFI for a simple question of comfort. They don't want to break up the head with facilities of Wires, protocols, Gateways, connection assistants, firewalls, or adapters of nets that you/they specify of a certain knowledge of Computer science as it is my case. Because the Wireless Router uses the standard Norma 802.11b and 802.11g IEEE and many times they work with the method of the “connection Car-administration”, besides giving IP for DHCP, we can say that almost they make everything for you in an automatic way, and the users use this technology for that you/they don't have to make absolutely anything. It is for mentality of tailor's drawer. IS IT LEGAL OR ILLEGAL TO CAPTURE A FREE WIFI? “THIS EXEMPLE IS ONLY FOR SPAIN” He/she makes so alone a couple of days had hung this Book free in internet that I already began to receive mail thanking me the and congratulating effusive me for this stupendous book. But did a person request me a Technical explanation in depth with a she asks difficult, and do I suspect that somebody of Laws was (Not him you sure), and her question: “This something is forbidden, is you/he/she legal or is you/he/she illegal to capture a WIFI?”. This has put under an obligation to take down the book and to make a revision of my notes again and to put more material to clarify those doubts that many people have. I hope to be he of utility (to who is…) to decide on a case. Many people have the false belief (he/she Devises mistaken) that to have Internet via Air (Wirelees or WIFI) it is necessary an official license of telecommunications to transmit or to receive signs. The Wireless Router works in the 2.4 GHz, for which is not necessary to have a permission. The standard Norma IEEE 802.11b and 802.11g specifies that for the WIFI 11 channels exist to 2.4 GHz that go from 2.412 MHz to 2.462 MHz. So your you can have an antenna in your terrace, with a Syrian Wire of 50 Ohms, of 18 meters down connected to an antenna amplifier and a Modem Router (Point of Access) Linksys WRT54GL to capture a WIFI without problems whenever it emits signs in a free way and without encrypted. Norbert R. Ibañez 23 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com In fact, and that it serves like example argument, many city councils, airports, central of buses, nets of Urban Meters, commercial centers, Parking’s, even a Bar (little beach Bar) they offer a service free WIFI for all their clients visitors, and to capture her alone it is necessary to have a Portable PC in way DHCP with a card PCMCIA or an antenna Jolly Roger like this. The really illegal thing from the Law (Spain) and Penalty point of view, in relation to the capture of a WIFI, is to break up the keys of an encrypted sign WIFI with some computer program of Brute force that to give an example but near to our daily experience, it is equal to explode or breack a lock of a door with a lever, and to enter without the neighbor's permission. Another very different thing is if the neighbor has his use a WIFI wirereless emitting his sign in an open way, and it emits that access sign to internet in open and without restrictions, and his sign arrives to all addresses without being encrypted, penetrating the walls of your house. This at the moment is not really under Law a crime or Penally speaking, because the legal obligation of the custommer of the connection WIFI wirereless is to create a method of security; bony to put “a lock” or some measure of encrypted protection, and if it doesn't establish an encrypted of the sign, it is considered that somehow it consents expressly, maybe for personal or electronic omission that other people use and consent since to its connection to the net of Wirelees its sign it travels freely for the air space without protection some. For example, what would it happen if that open WIFI is of a city council, airport, or commercial center… etc: do we send to the Police so that they give them a beating and do they stop them to allow a WIFI in open way? It is absurd to think that it is illegal to capture a WIFI that emits in free way!. To see if you give the information well… The current norms of telecommunications (In Spain) don't have settled down in any part of their official regulations that a WIFI is an illegal sign. In fact, because when you buy a Router WIFI nobody he/she tells you that you go to the Department of Telecommunications and declare legally that you have a Router WIFI, that simple. Have they told it to you at some time?. Is it necessary to carry out a course of Radio amateur ECB or ECHO ALPHA, and to be federated for the frequency of the WIFI? NOOOOT!!!. Because then!! Norbert R. Ibañez 24 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com There is even another question but deep that can clarify for the last time for all these doubts that so much repeat in the forums on the WIFI. Is crime to pick up the waves of any sign of Radio according to the Official norms of the Telecommunications?. No. It is not crime to listen those waves in passive way. Is crime to listen the commercial radio, and the television?. It is even optional to obtain a license of Radio he/she listens for a commercial Scanner that I could receive all type of frequencies. For example, a person can have a commercial Scanner and to receive the communications of multiple sources, radio, television, radio amateur transmitted, included the official frequencies, not to have permission for that and not any problem to receive them. Nobody can stop him to listen the waves that float in the air, because he/she is entitled to the information according to the Spanish constitution. The really criminal thing (according to the own general regulation of telecommunications) it is to emit in those channels and forbidden frequencies without having emission license or permission to transmit. In the case of making it, it is considered I piracy and sabotage in the transmissions and a crime of violation of Secrets in the Telecommunications. I want to clarify that for forbidden and official frequencies he/she understands each other the case of the radio channels where, the Police, Firemen, Ambulances, Civil Protection, Airports, Electric Companies, carry out their private transmissions. They are considered private transmissions and frequencies of official use or of alone restricted use those that use the Forces of the order publish and Government (nevertheless consultation with a lawyer, just in case you don't have left clear my explanations). In the case of the frequency, WIFI should clarify the following thing; the reception frequency and emission of a sign WIFI not this at the moment under in the regulations of telecommunications like illegal while it doesn't exceed of its power and range of frequency WIFI. A WIFI that emits in open is not considered that this violating none of the established regulations officially. If somebody capture this sign is impossible according to those regulations that it makes the crime of “Illegally receipt waves” of electromagnetic signs in an illegal way. Norbert R. Ibañez 25 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com For that those frequencies should be declared from the own Official norms of the Telecommunications like restricted. Then their accessible only serious use for official license and that is not a fact because it is not necessary this license to have internet for WIFI. Has it been clear? NOT? We will see. The WIFI is authorized by the General Departament of Telecommunications and in this case of the WIFI, and only in this case, you can consider I Piracy of a sign starting from that a Hacker or Computer pirate breaks a cipher or encrypted settled down by the own user of the sign and it consents to the form connection “Illegal” without the proprietor's of this connection permission WIFI. Do you have left now clear which the interpretation difference is?. While you don't pass over that frontier it is legal. So that it is but clear that I am speaking, understand each other for “net open WIFI”, a wireless net without any authentication type neither encrypted, to which anyone can consent through a wireless net adapter. The same Law says... “It is not legally to interpret that the law non forbidden expressly” and until the moment there is not Law expressed prohibition settled down in any part on the matter of the capture of signs WIFI without encrypting and in free way. I insist, and like summary clarifies you the matter; alone the capture of a sign WIFI with a computer program (I Marry of the WLANDecripter, Snort, Kismet, Aironet, etc) that allows the one exploded of the one encryted of a code, countersign, Login, pasword, or encrypted, previously established for the own user of the sign, and that it allows you the entrance to the access to the connection to internet in a not authorized way and for methods of brute force, if it was considered according to the law “Illegally receipt and I pirate of electromagnetic signs” in an illegal way in fact because they are encrypted and emitting in encryted way of security. Do you understand the sensitive difference now? To clarify and to finally close the topic: If I don't put a lock to my door, and I leave the open door, he/she doesn't rot to say that they have violated me, stolen and exploded the entrance to my home because I have not put any protection. Norbert R. Ibañez 26 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com I have not put any lock, and also, I have left the open door so that anyone enters. If now we extrapolate the word “Door” for “sign WIFI” we will understand where the legal and illegal aspect of the matter resides, and we finish this way with the great polemic in all the forums. Norbert R. Ibañez 27 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com SECTION IV PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS To begin, I should notice that there is in several internet of these tutorials on the build of a similar type of Antenna with a tube of fried potatoes, and also with different types of materials, but the only one really proven by me and that it works in a spectacular way he/she is this model of called antenna Jolly Roger. I have trying by all possible means that this work could understand it until a 16 year-old lad, that is to say, this thought so that a great difficulty doesn't exist in the learning of the design and build of the own antenna. From my point of view it is easy, now then, I notice that one needs to make a couple of these antennas at least until reaching something of experience he/she practices, and that he/she memorizes of the errors and not of the success. Then, everything goes on wheels. Other authors have written other tutorials on the build of antennas of potatoes, but they are so extremely complicated in the details, and in the obtaining of the materials that many manufacturers of antennas frankly don't stop of cursing their authors for not to be more concise or more experienced and to offer products with descriptions of low level. I should also notice you on the coarse and not well-explained imitations that don't pass of to leave disappointed to all those that seek to be built the antenna, and but it takes they check that they don't work. That tutorial doesn’t work because the descriptions of the assemblies are very amateurish. I don't doubt in that they have some good intention, but they are quite amateurish until to describe as building a simple antenna. THIS TUTORIAL PRESENTS A MODEL OF ANTENNA THAT IF IT WORKS. IF IT DOESN'T WORK YOU IT IS BECAUSE YOU HAVE NOT READ YOURSELF WELL THIS TUTORIAL OR YOU HAVE MADE SOME ERROR IN SOME STEP OF THE PROCESS, OR YOU DON'T HAVE THE APPROPRIATE ROUTER AND WITH THE INSTALLED FIRMWARE, OR THERE ARE NOT OPENED SIGNS IN THE NEIGHBOR. THAT IT IS CLEAR. NEITHER COMPLAIN, NEITHER COMPLAIN, NEITHER YOU DEPRESS YOURSELF, BECAUSE IT DOESN'T SERVE AS ANYTHING. Norbert R. Ibañez 28 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com SECTION V IT LISTS OF NECESSARY TOOLS Scientific calculator Screwdriver of Plane Tip Screwdriver of Tip of Star Tile It cuts wires Pliers of fine tip Electrician's scissors Polish of round rat-tail Plane Lima Punch Riveter: (you Look for a model the same as this, another doesn't serve, you will already discover why) Foot of King (you Buy a good model, don't unite cheap imitation). I drill electric: The one that you want but that he/she goes well. Several Drills: (Of the size of the holes of the connector, and of the maximum size that admits the drill to make the hole of the connector). Meters to measure: (you Try to get one that has the two scales in the same tape, in meters and in inches, ours has that characteristic). Electric welder: Simple tin welder Thermal welder: of stick plastic paste. Tester: Some wondered so that the Tester could serve in the build of an antenna. That is for those don’t understand the tricks of the occupation. Conventional Sierra of cutting iron: Cutter: Carpenter's pencil: Marker Black Eding 3000 thick tip: Marker Eding of fine tip: Sergeant to hold pieces, or carpenter is gags to hold objects. Norbert R. Ibañez 29 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com LISTS OF NECESSARY MATERIALS 4 connectors N-female WIFI of Base: four are bought, for if it leaves bad their initial assembly, to be able to have more than reservation. 1 Male connector for the N-female Copper Wire of embedding: With a meter, you have more than enough. I tin: with incorporate resin to be able to weld, if it doesn't take the pasta to weld, to reject it. Box of rivets: they should be of the measure of the holes of the connector. You will have to go with the connector in hand to the Hardware store, and to find the appropriate size. Threaded bar of 6 Millimeters: it is sold by meters. Consequently purchase a meter, and it tries to transport it so that he/she doesn't bend. 2 nuts of round head (you Blind) of copper. 12 nuts of 6 Millimeters: for that threaded bar. Plus it is worth you that you have more than enough that you don't lack you/they. 5 straight Angels of big size: The washer should be of 3 Cm of diameter, and that will tell you the size and the pattern of the Angelito that you will buy. Don't buy them with hook. The straight have 2 nuts, and that is interested more. 6 washers of the size of a currency of 1,5 Cm. They should enter in the threaded bar. 1 meter of tube of PVC: of 7,5 Centimeters of diameter, and 4 millimeters of thickness. Sorry, but for America I don’t know what is the measurer of tube because they change, and you must be search other similar. 2 cork semicurve of PVC, for the tube. Norbert R. Ibañez 30 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com 1 tube of paste of PVC 1 tube of Loctite 1 tube of translucent Silicone of sealing. 1 roll of insulating tape of car. 1 roll of tape aluminum of use in Refrigerating work: (Eye, is very expensive) Work masks Paralytic protectors Cloth gloves for manual works: have Some frank ones wondered the gloves for what reason?. Because so that you don't skin yourself, you erosions, or you cut yourself the hands that you are donkey. Several leaves of mountain of cutting iron, for if they break. 3 meters of Wire Coax Syrian of 50 Ohms: If you don't find it, look for one equivalent. ¡Eye!, the Wire Wirelees is more expensive, and its yield is not much better than that of professional telecommunications. 2 filters antiparásitic: recovered Ferrites of plastics to embed to the Wire. There are them that you dismounts, and they close on the Wires. As those of the modem. However, if you don't find them, look for a monitor of old PC and you take out them to the Wire. Bands of plastic autocerrables: you Buy of very big size (to hold the antenna), and of small size to hold clabes. 1 tube of thick plastic, of 50 Cm of longitude and 4 Cm of diameter, rigid and of high pressure, to use it like support where to hold the antenna to the mast. OPTIONAL: A box marks as, where to install the Router to the mast. Norbert R. Ibañez 31 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com Connector SMA: Eye with this. You will go with the pattern of the Router written in a paper, so that the clerk you of the appropriate SMA to the pattern of Router. It doesn't serve anyone. Here you have an image, of some of the tools and the striped elements. Norbert R. Ibañez 32 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com SECTION SAW BUILD OF THE ANTENNA The first thing that we go to make, is to obtain a pot of potatoes paprika Pringles like the one that one can observe in the Figure 2. They are easy to get in the big Súper Market. Figure 2. Comparing the two tubes The reason to use this pot of potatoes, is to allow us to take the measures of the long one of the pot and its diameter. Then it is necessary to cut a tube of PVC applying those same measures, and make sure that both; the pot and the tube of PVC have longitudes and exact diameters, like leave in the Figure 3A, 3B. Figure 3A, 3B. The size should be same Norbert R. Ibañez 33 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com The tube of PVC should have the aspect that you leave now in the Figure 4, where it has been perfectly cut, filed and polished by both ends. Now the Tube of PVC has the same longitude that the tube of the can of potatoes. Figure 4. Aspect of the tube once cut. For the most skeptical, you can compare the diameter of the tube. You will see that it fits perfectly, just as you leave in the Figure 5. Figure 5. The diameters of both tubes are equivalent. Good, now we have a tube of perfectly cut PVC of 7,5 Cm of diameter finally for 23,2 Cm of long. Mark: to cut the perfectly straight tube, you will use like court mark some adhesive insulating tape. This tape sticks and it allows you to mark later with a marker the longitude of the circumference of the tube without this circle strays. Norbert R. Ibañez 34 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com Now we go it is necessary to measure the distance of the hole on the tube. This will allow to be carried out the hole and to install the connector N-female with the Solenoid, just as you leave in the Figure 6. Figure 6. It distances from the hole to the end The distance between the end of the tube and the center of the hole should be of 8 exact Cm. To find the exact center of the hole, exactly positioned 8 Cm, we will use a metric trick of mathematics. It measures 9 Cm first, and one marks it lines of reference with a pencil, then it measures 8 Cm, and mark another it lines of reference with pencil, and for I finish 7 Cm it measures and it also marks the reference with pencil. This way you will know which is the center of the hole for that the 8 Cm is between the 9 Cm and the 7 Cm and which it is the approximate size that will have so that it inserts the connector. If all you have measured it well, the Solenoid will be but it takes exactly inside the tube to 8 Cm of the end of the tube that is really, what interests us for its good yield. Now the part comes in that it is necessary to practice the hole, just as sample the Figure 7 and 8. There are several methods, depending on the available tools. The ideal thing serious to have a strawberry of the size of the own connector, because the hole would come out us perfect. However, if you don't have a drill-strawberry, it will be necessary to toss hand of the imagination for that which I have used some scissors and something of patience. Figure 7-8. To perforate the tube with scissors Norbert R. Ibañez 35 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com The question of how to perforate the hole to insert the connector, it is relative, and it depends on what you have within your reach as tool. This doesn't change anything, whenever the hole is it but round possible and of the diameter of the connector, and the Solenoid this to 8 Cm for the internal part of the tube. This detail is the most important. Once we have carried out the hole for the connector N-female, the following thing is to present it and to make a brief one it reduces with a file in the PVC, of two millimeters more or less, of the area where inserted anger the connector, like leave in the Figures 9-10. He reduces it should be in proportion to the thickness of the base of the connector N-female, and if this for the two millimeters because that it should be the one he/she reduces to carry out in the PVC. This makes it for two main reasons: a because the connector settles better and but he/she takes a long time it can rivet better, and for that this way, we respect the exact longitude from the Solenoid to the center of the diameter of the tube, without it exists almost lost in the sign when the antenna this working. This detail is also extremely important, because if that Solenoid is more short, or longer of its exact measure, and not this very gauged 8 Cm of the end of the tube; the antenna will suffer very unpleasant sign variations that won't allow us to exploit all its real power. Therefore, here it is necessary to put attention to the precision. Figure9-10. Reduce of the base of the hole Norbert R. Ibañez 36 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com With a plane file, it is necessary to attempt an it reduces the but possible plane until the own connector, fitting adapting perfectly. The ideal thing is that the thickness of the base of the connector is inserted without he/she moves, so it is exactly even with the one it reduces of the PVC and with the rest of the surface of the not reduced tube, like leave in the Figures 11-12, where you grieve the square base it stands out. Figure 11-12 Connector very seated on the PVC Now and with the one it already reduces fact on the PVC, and with the connector adapted to the one it reduces, it is necessary to practice the four holes it stops later on to rivet the connector N-female. The holes should be of the size of the planchistero rivets, and the ideal measure is Standard Rivet C/ALOM. 3,2X8mm (35-55). For analogy it is easy to deduce that the drill to execute the holes, it should be more or less of the same thickness. We take the connector, we present it in the place where installed anger, and once located, with a marker we mark the four holes taking advantage of that the own connector allows us an exact guide. With a drill, Figures 13-14-15, we make four holes for where we will be able to fix with four planchistero rivets the connector to the tube. Figure13-14-15. To drill the holes of the connector Norbert R. Ibañez 37 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com Now the phase comes but tedious of the process of preparation of the tube, quite oppressive, difficult, and very delicate. I am not joking, it is difficult of the motherFurcker, and at once, you discover it the why. For this part, I have not been able to document all the steps with pictures, because like I say it is difficult, but if I have been able to make the picture of the final result, just as you leave in the Figure 16-17. Figure16. Can of potatoes. Figure17. Tube of PVC. It is to cover with end care, the internal surface of the tube, with refrigerating tape that this made of paper of adhesive aluminum. This operation of hitting this adhesive tape of aluminum for the interior part of the tube, has as objective to get the conditions but similar to those of the pot-tube of potatoes Pringles that originally possesses in its interior an aluminum lining of (+ - )1 mm of thickness. The other question of the because we cover the tube inside with aluminum adhesive tape, it is that we respect this way and we apply the Physical law of Faraday. (But it advances I will give the technical explanation of the because, it Paginates 51). I notice that it costs a lot, and it is possible that you irritate yourself a lot for the difficulty that it bears the operation. The internal surface should be very homogeneous, refined, and hit possible, avoiding bags of air or wrinkles. The result should be the most similar thing to that of the Figure 17. If it is not like in the Figure 17, you will repeat the whole process from the beginning… Je Je, I wish you luck… because I have already built 5 antennas and the first ones that I built myself cost working hours until reaching to dominate the technique of hitting that tape so difficult inside the tube. I recognize that it is a MotherFurcking (putada in Spanish), je je... Norbert R. Ibañez 38 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com And that it doesn't always leave well to the first one, because the tape sticks before being perfectly aligned, or he/she twists, or he/she simply gets entangled and this puts you of the nerves, so make a Kid Kat and he/she rests a little for not being overwhelmed, because as much as but you get angry worse with yourself. On the other hand, although it is relatively easy of finding the adhesive refrigerating tape it is quite expensive. With a roll, you have to make many antennas, or to use it in other things. A good investment to buy a roll because it is also used in the exhaust pipes, in repairing flights of gas, in covering holes that are exposed to the meteorological changes, or to signal something is dangerous. Once we have been able to recover the interior of the tube with the refrigerating tape, we can pass to the following step that consists on manufacturing the copper Solenoid, or of platinum alloy and copper, (as that of the bars of welding with acetylene). The connectors that I use in this assembly are different from the connectors N-female Wirelees Figure18. They are the RF that are used in the radio stations for telecommunications, but they serve equally, although the difference is that it changes the form to build the Wire to connect the antenna. If you can it uses the N-female connectors of square base for Wirelees, which saved you problems with the compatibility of the Wires. Figure18. Connector RF for Telecommunications Norbert R. Ibañez 39 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com The word Solenoid is derived of “Solid”, and in some antenna, models a Wire has been used “big industrial works” of copper of the one that is used to embed, or in the facilities of industrial electricity, or in circuits of pubic illumination. To manufacture it he/she takes a piece of copper wire, or bar of welding, and it cuts a section of 4 Cm, just as it is observed in the Figures 19-20. Figure19-20. Measuring and cutting the Solenoid Now we have to reduce or to polish the tip until leaving it rounded, and the base (the part where it is inserted in the connector) it is necessary to reduce it until he/she enters in the connector. For we will use it the plane file and we will carry out a careful one it reduces that will control with King's Foot or with a meter each little one, to see which is the change that experiences their longitude and their thickness just as we see in the Figures 21-22-23. Figure21-22-23. Reducing the Solenoid Norbert R. Ibañez 40 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com He reduces he/she should be carried out until reaching a very precise figure. I was playing with the numbers and with the scientific calculator, and at the end I discovered that the decimal but exact figure was the one that reaches a certain value that is stabilized around 3,57 mm. Moreover, this it is the true secret of the Jolly Rogers and their excellent power. This means that the longitude (vertical) of the Solenoid it should be exactly at the distance of the radius of the circumference of the tube. So that we understand it better. He/she takes the circumference of the tube, and it measures the diameter of the circle, and divides it for two. If for example the diameter makes 75 millimeters; half of 75 millimeters this for (37.5 mm) but for this copper needle that anger installed in the connector RF the longitude must be exactly of 3,57 millimeters that it is what interests us, with an approach of (+ -) but less a millimeter. This seems a technical contradiction, but it is not it, like it will be seen a little but ahead. It is necessary to remember that this solenoid should go inserted in the connector N-female, for what can have a small decrease of the longitude when introducing it in that small hole (lost or gain) of one or two millimeters that it should be gauged with extreme accuracy until achieving the 3,57 exact millimeters, neither one but neither one less. A millimeter more or one less, it represents a loss or gain of sign power in Dbs, so care with this calculation, Figures 24-25-26-27. Figure24-25-26-27. Exact mensuration of the Solenoid To verify this precision, we have two possible ways. The first one is analogical and he/she consists on to take the cover of the can of potatoes that is transparent, and to check exactly as the tip of the solenoid this in the center of this transparent cover. Norbert R. Ibañez 41 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com The second method is the mathematician, and it is not complicated to divide for two, although the value seemingly seems not to coincide with the 3,57mm, in fact it is necessary to make worse the form a little of seeing this I calculate, and to check that if we added 3 Cm + 5 mm + 2 mm is also 37mm although it seems something strange. Once mounted the solenoid on the connector, is to measure from the base where it leaves the guide until the end –end tip point - of the solenoid, just as you leave in the Figures 28-29-30. Figure 28-29-30. Checking the longitude of the Solenoid from the base of the connector. The Longitude of the Solenoid should be therefore of 3 Cm, with 5 mm, but 2 mm, and the longitude that interests us is of 3,57, (I Insist that only it interests us 3,57 mm) because it is the center but exact of the tube in the aspect I practice, to the margin of the one that the real center of the tube of PVC is of 37.5. Anyway, I eat before he/she mentions, if we added 3 Cm + 5mm + 2mm, what we obtain at the end is 37 mm that doesn't leave much of the 37.5 of the own real diameter of the tube of PVC. I make this explanation for that there are people that doesn't understand this way to express the measures, and he/she crowds the brains trying to decipher that longitude is this, and you Shit in my Butane Gas Father!!. Once we have cut the Solenoid, reduced the tip rounding her, and reducing the base a little so that it fits in the base of the guide of the connector, our following step consists on welding the Solenoid to the connector without this it finishes fusing the black insulating plastic, Figure31-32-33. Norbert R. Ibañez 42 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com Figure 31-32-33. Soldier of the Solenoid to the connector and later refined of the welding. This operation is extremely delicate, because if you maintain an excessive hot time the welder's tip against the Solenoid and the connector, the plastic of its base will melt, ruining everything. In the contrary case, if you don't apply the enough hot heat, the tin didn't fix the copper solenoid to the connector, and neither it worked. So or you apply yourself and you learn how to weld, and you load yourself at least two or but connectors, or you make that I welded it to you somebody that knows and understand of weldings with tin. The final aspect of the connector with the Solenoid already soldier, it should be the most similar thing to that of the Figures 34-35-36. Figure 34-35-36. Finish of the Connector N-female Norbert R. Ibañez 43 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com Some are believed that to build an antenna this thrown, and that he/she can make it anyone. If, clear, by sure it. I can make sure that without possessing the calculations and exact measures, it can be tedious or to break the head in speculations of the because the antenna has not worked. This is the parts that but problems cause myself, and if you don't achieve this final precision in the assembly you don't wait big results with the sensibility of the antenna. So as much as but meticulous you are in making the components of the Antenna, in calculating the measures, and in adjusting the whole Project, better results will obtain. Now he/she plays to fix with four planchistero rivets the connector Nfemale to the tube of PVC. In this operation, it is necessary to have the same model's riveter that one observes in the figures 37-38. Some ready for Brainers Boys maybe thinks that why not to use another model. Good… the experience will give him a good lesson for lazy. Figure 37-38. Professional riveter The reason to use this model, is that it possesses a nose cone of injection of the extremely long rivet, and it allows that the rivet is inserted without hardly too much difficulty in the hole. You will maybe have to make some force, but it is something normal. On the other hand if you use another model (I have proven it) the operation of inserting a rivet you oppressive, when not impossible restitution. For that reason there are many fans that suggest to hit the connector, to screw it, and me that you how many nonsense’s, tremendously complicated for not making a clean work and professional. Norbert R. Ibañez 44 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com With the easy thing that it is to stick it to the tube with these rivets, one doesn't eat they have not reasoned such a simple solution. I have seen models of antennas; the projects of the Can of Potatoes Pringles, and I am not able to but that to leave of laugh about the foolishness that are happened to those linkers to make the antennas, and the problems that are derived of those instructions so imprecise or ambiguous. Alone to comment some of those inconveniences, the diameter of the washers that you/they suggest in the assembly of the antenna of potatoes doesn't exist in Spain, and it is necessary to use other but small to hold the more grades, that which believes a tremendous problem in the one centered. Go uncle it dives!. Good, we already have cramped or riveted with extreme solidity the connector N-female to the tube of PVC. It is very important that when this the finished antenna, the fissures that exist in the base of this connector are stuffed with a Thermal Welder and a bar of plastic to hit. And if you don't have a welder of thermal Paste, it uses silicone then. The reason of sealing the grooves or fissures of the connector, is that to the being a curved surface, when it rains enough, the water slips and it is able to penetrate (In scarce quantity) inside the antenna, that which makes that everything you electronic short circuit and don't work. Him you by that he/she has already gone. Therefore, it seals the fissures with some type of paste, even one for PVC is also ideal. The aspect that should have the assembling of the connector N-female in the tube, should be the most similar thing to that of the Figures 39-40-41 Figure39-40-41. Aspect of the assembling N-female. Norbert R. Ibañez 45 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com As you can see, I have not simply gotten bigger precision, to lack better tools, and better materials, and maybe, to lack the electronic but necessary instruments. But, it could compete against any commercial maker of antennas, and probably we would be in a tie. The difference would be in that they gauge its antennas in very experienced laboratories, and I make it in a handmade way, with the help of scientific calculator and without so much digital technology. Good, if you have arrived until this part of the project, and everything has come out well, then we are very near finishing our assembly. Now he/she plays us to make the collector. But before I will be an anecdote. The design of this collector, he/she could have approximately near more 50 years. The key this in looking for in the old series of science fiction of the space, and in the comic of the súper heroes of the space, and to see that class of gun of rays uses the Martians and the astronauts. Sincere he/she doesn't stop to surprise the coincidences, among the design the antenna of the gun, and the antenna of the Wirelees. When you see a comic in which a Martian sustains a gun of rays, and you look at the tip of the gun, you see the collector of the antenna WIFI, that which until it is amusing, because the WIFI is an invention that doesn't go back so much in the time. Now and to manufacture the collector we need to cut a threaded bar of 6 mm, and of 20 Cm of longitude. Some will give a scream and they will say that this longitude is an error. There is not error, because the plug of the antenna is curved and it demands bigger bar longitude threaded to be able to hold it with two washers and nuts to the plug. Also this allows to approach or to reduce the longitude of the blind nut of the collector, to the needle of the connector N-female so alone with going rotating and screwing the threaded bar slowly and adjusting the nuts. So where this the problem?. Continuing with the threaded bar, once cut our following step will be to mount the washers. The washers that we have used in this project are very easy of getting and they don't create any type of technical problem of measures of Hardware store. It is to go to the nearest hardware store and to acquire 5 straight Angels as those that 42 appear in the Figure. Norbert R. Ibañez 46 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com Figure42-43. Angels Straight for the collector. The Straight Angels (you don't accept Angels with Hook), they should have the washers of 3 centimeters of diameter. Besides this condition, they have another added advantage. Each Straight Angelito brings two nuts of 6 mm, for that that 2 X 5 are 10 nuts that cover the demands of the assembly perfectly on the threaded bar of 6 mm. Nevertheless I recommend to buy 6 nuts at least but, and 4 small washers of 1,5 Cm, for the final end, and a blind nut (Hemispheric), to manufacture the one induced of the Solenoid. This blind nut can metal being or of iron, but it seems that those of metal give something more than yield. I believe that the question of the induced effect rests in the jump of electromagnetic loads, similar to as a generator of Van of Graaff, and in gauging its distance, beginning with one of its ends, just as he/she can it turns in the Figures 44-45. Now we will begin to mount the collector, and for we will use it king's foot, with which will gauge the distance very carefully among washers, with the purpose of achieving that all have the same distances of measures. We will begin with the distance among the end of the bar (Figure44) and the position of the first washer that should be exactly of 1,5 Cm. Pay attention, because starting from that washer, (all the remaining washers), the distance among them in this assembly will be of 3,1 Cm; that is to say, 3 Cm but 1 mm, and it should be in same proportion in the rest of the separations of the other washers. In fact for this reason, king's foot is used and not to give a mechanics exhibition and quantum plumbing. With him Foot of King can reach a good measure precision and to achieve that all the sections of the collector have equal distances among washers, just as it is appreciated in the pictures 44-45. Norbert R. Ibañez 47 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com Figure-44-45. Assembly of the collector, pictures of their calibration The collector, is the area where the waves impact, or if you prefer it where the waves are discriminated against in relation to some numeric variables expressed in parameters (Measures) physical. Without so much roll, it is where the waves stick the great electronic crash, and they are captured finally by the solenoid that is the vertical needle that this installed on the connector RF or WIFI. The electromagnetic capture effect, is something similar to spread a net, and alone to catch the starlings for its size, while the smallest sparrows escape for among the cracks of the net, alone that here that capture is made with electromagnetic waves. In two o'clock instantaneous, we see other aspects of the calibration of the collector. Figure-46-47. Assembly, mensuration and confirmation of the collector. Norbert R. Ibañez 48 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com In the diverse tutorials that there is in internet, the longitude that should possess this collector makes that most of the searchers of these tutorials and homemade texts, break the head for the discrepancies that exist among measures given by its authors. Some authors give 14,5 Cm, other 15,5 Cm, and a confusion is for fuck exists this way with the longitude that should possess the threaded bar of the collector. If I must be you sincere, that of the longitude of the collector, at the end doesn't have an excessive momentous importance, although there are tutorials and authors that spend great part of the text insisting in that measure as if it was the Sine Quanum of the WIFI. The really important thing in this matter, is the calibration of the distance among the washers, where a simple millimeter of less, he/she makes that the sign is captured in a longitudinal way but with an error traverse semi that makes fall the sensitive received of the antenna. Therefore, some buds have made the Translation from the calculations of Inches to Centimeters, with so bat Coffe that the sign reduction is so significant that the final assembly hardly works. And this is what I take myself to break the head and to have that reconfigured all the numeric values, to re-gauge the operation, in relation to some constants. Well, I suppose that you have already built the collector that in fact doesn't have an excessive complication. Now this collector should go mounted in one of the plugs of PVC that closed the ends of the antenna. In the image, Figures 48-49, we see the typical plug of PVC that is good to close pipes, and that in this assembly it serves us like support for this metallic collector with the washers, being subject for a washer of 1,5 Cm, and a nut of 6 as the remaining ones, and for the same exterior. It is necessary to make a hole in the plug of plastic, fair in the center, and that hole should be so of the measure of the bar that adapted it is to use a drill that has the same size that the bar. Norbert R. Ibañez 49 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com Figure-48-49. Perforation of the plug, and assembly of the collector. Good, if you have given yourselves bill, the question of to design and to mount an antenna Jolly Rogers has certain quantity of work, and some technical difficulty (Nobody said that it was easy), but on the other hand, you have the tranquility that these following the explanations of somebody expert; so this assembly, will be for you but easy of what was for my the first times of my first antenna. Regarding me, you should know that to my nobody becomes trained to create this assembly. I had to study myself alone the topic, to make the calculations and to take the notes. And I attempt before this, the assembly of the antenna of potatoes that runs for internet, but like it was from the beginning a fiasco, I finish the thing in failure, and the tests were not successful, for that that angry at the end I decided to re-do all the calculations, and to design my own model that now the Yagi of Jolly Rogers is called that insurance works, for the photographic documentation of the proof that there is but ahead. Well, we already have the collector mounted in the plug, exactly like it is appreciated in the Picture 49, and therefore the only thing that subtracts us is to make some few operations of having gauged or adjust to leave the whole clever assembly. The following thing that we will make it is also to insert the plug with the subject collector for a nut and an internal washer of 1,5 and another external one of 1,5 Cm, and to gauge it threading the bar very slowly, so that it is at an exact distance of the solenoid (The vertical metallic needle that leaves the connector WIFI). Norbert R. Ibañez 50 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com 0,6mm Rotates and it screws Slowly the Threaded bar From the plug Calibration rotate Omega Just as you leave in the Figures 50-51, and in the outline Omega, the distance among the tip of the collector that this finished in a blind nut (but he/she doesn't play the needle), and the needle of copper of the solenoid, it should be of 0,6 mm, neither one but, neither one less. If we reduce or we increase this distance the effectiveness of the sign it experienced a fluctuation (I have checked It) and the antenna will have lost that won't be able to accuse to the resistance of the Wire neither to the first floor yield of the router. Figure-50-51. Insert of the plug, and calibration Omega of the distance of the collector to the Solenoid. We finally already have our concluded antenna. Under these conditions single subtraction tester the antenna in search of some crosses, thing that is demonstrated that he/she doesn't have none, like they show the Figures 51-52, in those that it is verified that during the welding of the solenoid to the connector, the plastic of this connector has not melted and it allows that the parts metallic electronic short circuit the nucleus of the connector, impeding that this it works correctly. If the Tester emits a hoot, or the measure of the reading in Ohms it is not 0, it is that something walks bad and the connector this crusader. Norbert R. Ibañez 51 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com Figure 50-51. Checking possible crossings in the connector WIFI. Now, we can already seal our antenna with a silicone for close, if you prefer it, using a hitting for PVC. However, remember a thing. Before sealing this whole assembly, to make sure that all this perfect, correct, and that all this revised two at least or but times. I tell it to you, because this it is a very common error that very soon, it is made and he/she is discovered something late and with certain deception. The one sealed of the antenna he/she should make that the antenna is waterproof, so much for the plugs, like for the connector. The connector suits to surround it silicone good, so that the water that slips for the lateral ones, be not able to filter inside the antenna. This in previous assemblies discovered it with certain frustration, since he/she believed that the water would not reach the interior of the antenna. In the Figure 60-61, we already see the antenna closed, and like the connector of the Wire WIFI is threaded to connect it to the Router. Figure 60-61. Close of the antenna, and threaded of the clever connector to use. Norbert R. Ibañez 52 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com In relation to the Wire, I want to comment that has not been neither I possible to document the whole process photographically of peeled, connected, and welding, but I leave you the pictures 62-63 of the final result and some comments on that they are these filters. The filters that you observe with certain strangeness in the ends of the one WIFI that was connected one of the connectors of the Router fit where before a small antenna was installed, they are filters antiparásitic to avoid lost and to compensate any field distortion in the connector. I proved several Wires, with and without filters, and at the end, I realized that with the filters, he/she obtained some very good results, and for that reason, I decided to include it like part of the technique. Of course, that each manufacturer (each one) he/she can make that that him you like, and this is optional, but he/she doesn't get lost anything with proving it. Figure62-63. Detail of the Wire WIFI with filters antiparásitic. Now alone it subtracts us to connect it to the router, and to begin the field tests. In this case, we have made two tests, one with the antenna in solitary, and then, the same antenna mounted in a parabolic one to check if increments or picks of sign power take place, or if on the contrary there are significant variations. In the pictures 64-65, you can see as the Wire he/she has in the vicinities some filters that surely to more than one they will produce him a sensation of strangeness. He/she doesn't have anything since of stranger that are placed these filters to the Wire, they are filters electromagnetic anti-interferences and they are thought to compensate the losses of the connectors. In the tests that we have made in our terrace, the sign results, and reach, they were excellent in comparison with other commercial antennas that we also use to make the comparison. Norbert R. Ibañez 53 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com Figure 64-65 Connection from the router to the portable one, and of the router to the antenna Although he/she costs a little to see like they are connected, in the following image (64) it is appreciated with more clarity like this connected one the antenna to the router and in turn this router to the portable PC. In the first place the Wire this connected one to the antenna, and if you notice well, truth a filter of cream color that this together to the Wire of the connector of the antenna Figures 66-67, and the other one carries to an extreme this connected one to one of the connectors of the router, exactly to one of the dos(64), where under normal conditions they would be installed the two antennas that you/they come from series with the Router when it leaves of it Manufactures. Figure 66-67 connected antenna Wire to the router, and a Wire LAN RJ45 from the router to the PC. Norbert R. Ibañez 54 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com In these two pictures, we can see the detail of the filter, and I eat after making a Refresh with the WebMind of configuration of the Router in Wireless way, we are able to enter in a sign that already has for omission Login and the pasword memorized. Five second but it takes, we enter in internet, to 3 Megas of speed and totally free. In the Figures 68-69, we see different moments in that several open signs are captured, when rotating in different degrees and angle the antenna. Figure68-69 Capturing the I traffic Air unprotected for the area The signs WIFI is a lot but easy to capture from a Router that from a card, also, desencriptar anything is not needed if the sign emits in open way, and partly this is gotten because the router can be tricked with a special firmware. In this case, this precise router of the Mark LinkSys WRT54GL, a Firmware of Linux pirate that allows having bigger power and signing aptitude incorporates. As you can see in this Figure 70, alone in a short Angle, we already have four possible targets open to those that we have been able to connect without problems. Norbert R. Ibañez 55 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com Figure 70 Four captures without encrypting, all one Party. The question of the connective takes place because the originator emits in open, without encrypting and with a configuration of Servant DHCP that gives us in an automatic way an address LAN of the style 192.168.0.1/255 where we are a PC more than it does is added to the remote wireless router as if we were part of that net. I even could with certain steps, to be able to see their files shared in C: /; that one can make in Windows, but this type of activities they don't interest us because here we are showing as pirating with simplicity a WIFI open of legal form. In this other Figure 71 will be able to do with something more than detail, like there is a button in the screen of the WebMind of the Router that has as indicative Refresh, and that after pressing it, he/she makes a sign sweeping in search of WIFIS that desencriptadas are. Even for those that are something skeptical, or super Hackers, I will tell you that to this Router it is possible to add him some modules of Linux, just as the WLANDecripter, or the Kismet, or the Snort that allow us to explode keys of remote router without hardly a single problem. However, us that neither has made it that is clear. Norbert R. Ibañez 56 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com Figure 71. Making a Refresh and a sign sweeping Good, it is hour that it finishes this tutorial. For those that they have the curiosity on which it is the name of the antenna pattern that we have manufactured, I will tell them that this model receives the Name of Jolly Roger WIFI. I have put this name to this antenna for that I like this matter and because he/she makes that, the antenna has but sympathy among the Hackers. This way if you hear speak of the Jolly Roger WIFI, you will know that this designed and built by Norbert, and that you will be able to mount yourself it without problems in your own house for your use and personal enjoyment. People that manufactures them to small scale even know and she sells them in and-bay, and they are wound well because they have made us some that another donation for our shop, with material that has been very useful. Norbert R. Ibañez 57 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com EXPLANATION OF THE EFFECT CAGE DE FARADAY The Cage of Faraday is not a metallic enclosure of walls necessarily continuous that constitutes an electric screen or electrostatics. If inside a driver free electric load existed, these would be dragged by the electric field in perpendicular address to the surfaces equivalent, until reaching the driver's external surface. Therefore, in a driver in balance, the free electric loads cannot exist more than in the surface. On the other hand, if inside a hollow driver any load doesn't exist, inside this driver the corresponding potential will be constantly similar to the corresponding to its surface, and the null electric field. In consequence, it will be enough to surround a body with a metallic screen together to earth so that the field in the interior is null, for very intense that are the external electric fields. This way the electric apparatuses for measures of precision “they can be protected against any external electric interference surrounding them with a net of drivers, in mesh form, not necessarily very dense.” It is easy to verify that to receive a radio emission inside a vehicle whose chassis is metallic, it is necessary an external antenna. In application terms to the telecommunications and production of an antenna model Jolly Rogers, most of the electromagnetic parasites that you/they don't interest us was outside of the reach of the internal space of the antenna that like it is Directional, alone it captured the sign for the two ends (you Cork) and alone it captured the sign WIFI that interests us. Because it is a directive, alone Yagi it captures the emission of a very narrow, but very clear focus in sign and power. This means that the insulating of aluminum avoids them to enter in the antenna all type “electric Bugs” and of waves unlike (electromagnetic Noise of bottom) or quantum Migraine that floats coming from the space of numerous sources. Norbert R. Ibañez 58 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com FIRMWARE PIRATE OF THE ROUTER LINKSYS WRT54GL As he/she already comments at the beginning of the tutorial, to the three days of hanging the and-Book I have already received some mail, wondering specifically that type of Firmware is the one that this installed in the Router Linksys WRT54GL that we have used, and where you can get. We will go for steps. In the first place, this factory Router doesn't have these capacities so astonishing, for that that if it is possible to connect him an external antenna and to achieve a sign with something of clearer sensibility and of more reach. Even without possessing the Firmware, something one can make, although you don't wait a lot, because the Firmware is it he/she makes the magic in this Router. What increases the power of this Router notably and it takes out him the whole potential of the yield, it is this Change of Firmware that with the antenna Jolly Rogers becomes a potent capture team, and it is even possible to increase the Watios of the sign, if he/she is incorporated an amplifier of Antenna that injects but power Dbs of sensibility to the emission or the reception of the Sign WIFI. Eye that the risk also exists of flooding the antenna of Demons (Stationary) or it GNAWS (Relationship of Electromagnetic Wave that the transistors of final exit of the Router that that already happened to TonyD with one of their Routers can burn, and now the power WIFI of its Router no longer serves neither to arrive until the neighbor's WC. On the other hand, today (31 March 2008) I have taken the nuisance of contacting the Boys of the Computer Store (DGTL) that they are the magicians of the Firmware and I have spoken with the Boss. There is him commenting him the project in which work, and it has asked me him to comment to the readers that if they are interested in the change of the Firmware for this Router that there is not problem. You can send your petition of change from Firmware to this electronic mail address (andmai), [email protected] that will assist you without problems charmed whenever you use as visit card (recommendation) the name of the book that these now reading and their author. Norbert R. Ibañez 59 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com For reasons of Technical discretion the boys of (DGTL), the magicians of the Firmware, they have asked me kindly that he/she doesn't mention their Physical address, although they are charmed with the idea of to receive and to assist your petitions. Please, or I request seriousness and education in your contacts with them because these boys, the Computer specialist of (DGTL), they are always very busy (I was one day in their shop, and they are that they explode of work) and alone they respond to serious petitions and orders. Everything the rest they filtered it or they won't respond if you walk you with doubts or jokes. Therefore, you clear, concise, and concise those are lacking time. You that some will be now as the vampires, with desires of knowing but you detail on the topic of how to achieve a connection free WIFI. I follow you remembering that this and-book he/she has their corresponding Copyright, and that you don't make stupidities, to request me permission and I will give you permission so that you hang it in your webs that there is not problem that you want to have it as discharge tutorial in your web to attract but I publish or I traffic that I understand it. I also announce you that this finishing a second even liberates but potent and interesting that this that if comes out very soon it will leave to Internet. But that is another history of which I won't speak now. So meanwhile you should conform to with this tutorial that inside what fits, this quite well to begin in the art of the WIFIHACKTIVISMO in the net that is as well as I have baptized him to this activity type. Now and to finish, I will show you the shop where we make the tests of http://informaniaticos.blogspot.com that it is where I make the experiments with the antennas before and the computers, in net, and with other things super complex. If you notice well, you will see a Servant Linux Echt they, 4.0 that it feeds a Workstation in a LAN that you don't leave in this picture. Linux is it that but I love it, and I am working to go up my cache in this SO, and maybe soon achieves it and make some work in Linux that something already walks me for the head, but at the moment until going up my level in Linux, I will continue with the Wirrindows= (Pig Windows) that is that same… Norbert R. Ibañez 60 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com Figure 72. Workshop of Informaniaticos It can seem a Ciber pigpen, but here a couple of dozens of people's PC that knows me, have already happened and some portable. Homemade computer science shops are from a similar style to mine, there is mine it seems even a paradise in comparison with others that I have seen that they are under worse conditions. People that has the privilege of entering in the Computer science sanctuary, don't stop of hallucinating, with so much dissemble of computer old, and strange devices, and they wonder of where you/he/she leaves all this material one. All that you leave this recovered what people throw, or of old donations of PC that give me, and of computer science stores they discard, and that some have the gracefulness of giving me so that my training continues; since for my to be upgraded it supposes a bigger effort that other computer specialist that are the whole day in the shops playing the I finish of the computer science. Norbert R. Ibañez 61 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com To finish, I would like to add some things more envelope router WIFI and security. The security of the wireless devices is not never a hundred for a hundred sure. A hard disk WIFI, or a Router WIFI, needs to be well configured he/she stops at least to offer a minimum degree of security. All the devices WIFI brings some type of factory protection, but as for the configuration that comes for defect, this in way ACCEPT. that is to say, everything allowed. A router comes without nobody configures him the Login and the pasword, or with the name for defect. The same thing happens with the fire walls that some router already brings incorporate, they are in way learning, or for defect, all this allowed, or in other cases they have authorized the ports of the MSN, HTTP, FTP, SSH, eDonky, for what you/they don't stop a lot but I traffic that the own fire walls of Windows XP. The security of a PC is not your store computer specialist matter, it is your matter. If you believe that if then you don't know that these managing. It is as saying that the security of your house, depends of the neighbor. It is your responsibility to watch over for your interests and to put all the measures so that they don't assault you the connection to internet. Sometimes, the simplest solution goes to install a second net card in the PC that is connected Internet, and to separate the two nets, the homemade LAN and the WAN, by a simple Gateway that heads toward a Swicher. There are people as me that it uses an old PC like server proxy for little surfing but hidden by the net. It is a possibility that doesn't owe you rejected. Not all that exists in the second net, will be accessible from internet because first it will go by the Router and for the firewalls, and to be authorized by the firewalls to enter in the LAN. And this help a lot to maintain the safe PC of attacks of all type, Banners, PoPups, Spyware, Virus, because the PC that is connected Internet makes of Proxy eskudo in the LAN for anyone of the teams that you/they are connected inside her. It is also necessary to comment that Windows is the most insecure operating system that there be nowadays. I call it the Wirrindows for the piggery of SO that is. They are needed half dozen of payment programs to achieve that Windows Seen and XP was located in a fairly acceptable level of security, and even so and everything, will surely continue being attacked since by the Hackers they hate to Microsoft and all its products, and indirectly to the one who the Wirrindows uses them. Norbert R. Ibañez 62 www.informaniaticos.blogspot.com I don't ask you that you learn how to use Linux straight now, and that you begin to already use Linux that serious a good step to your favor, and but if you begin with FreeBSD, or Linux they or Ubuntu, but it would not be of but that read some of the comments of Windows that he/she interests to know in relation to Linux, and that they are hung in the forum of Informaniaticos. Me to my grief, work but with Windows for that it is the commercial thing and what most uses ever, but in my shop I move but with Linux, especially for servant of Net, fire walls, samba, Gateway, etc. Linux Ubuntu and they, they are Free, and they have of everything, so if you don't use Linux it is because you don't know or for that don't want, or because he/she gets scared. For end, he/she plays to say goodbye, I sit down it, you that you like, but it is the hour. If you have the kindness to send me your comments, experiences or results, you will do me a great favour, because he/she rots to go adding them to this I magnify tutorial, like part of the successful obtained for their users. Please add these data: to put, day, hour, Name and mail, conditions weather, altitude, and place of the world of where you have made the tests. Thank you and a lot of luck in your experiences with the Jolly Rogers. NORBERT R. Ibañez JOLLY ROGERS WIFI BYNOR Norbert R. Ibañez 63