Transcript
07-01-2014
Types of commercial vehicle bodies
Based on construction
Normal control vehicle
Forward control vehicle
Based on load carrying capacity
Light commercial vehicle
Medium and heavy commercial vehicle
Commercial vehicle
2
Normal control
Forward control
In Normal control vehicle, engine is located in front of the driver’s
cab to give more cab space, less noise, heat and ease entry and
BV
In forward control vehicle, engine is located either at the side or
below the driver’s cab.
exit.
3
BV
4
BV
1
07-01-2014
Light commercial vehicle
Forward control
Panel vans
Production van
This type has its cab built over the engine and has the
advantage of additional length available for the payload
and a better angle of vision.
Its disadvantages include less cab space for crew and
engine maintenance can be more difficult unless
specialized equipment is available or the cab is designed
to tilt forward.
A variation to forward control aimed at giving ease of
entry and exit for door to door delivery work and more
space for the crew is the semi forward control type.
5
walk through van
Heavy haulage truck
Rigid vehicles
Rigid vehicle with drawbar trailer
Articulated vehicle
Demountable body
Tanker body
Tipper body
Chassis dash
BV
Panel vans
GVW up to 3.5 tones.
Tradesman for door to door and high street delivery.
Lighter modes are based on the standard motor car underbody
arrangement.
Bodies are steel pressings with large doors to facilitate entry, exit
and access for loading and unloading by one or two doors at the
rear.
Almost all are the unitary or integral construction.
BV
Tipper and drop sides
Box van
Luton head vans
6
7
Standard van
Chassis cab
BV
Medium and heavy commercial vehicle
8
BV
2
07-01-2014
Standard van
Chassis cab
The standard van arrangement is used for general local
delivery work.
after body shell conversions and interior fitting out, for
ambulance, motor caravans and security vans.
9
BV
Chassis dash
10
Chassis dash arrangement is used extensively for integral
body/cab “walk-through” type vans.
11
BV
Medium vehicles
The chassis arrangement comes in three different
versions,
i. tipper and drop sides (A)
ii. Box van (B)
Iii. Luton head van (C)
BV
Medium four-wheeled rigids up to 7.5 tonnes GVW may be
driven by a person holding a normal driving licence.
It is very popular with operators in the distributive business.
The cab must be easy to enter and leave as many of these
vehicles are used for house and shop deliveries.
Most of these vehicles are of separate body and chassis
construction, a custom-built body on a standard chassis cab or
chassis cowl.
12
BV
3
07-01-2014
Heavy goods vehicles
Rigid vehicles
These are the very robust vehicles weighing 7.5 tonnes or
over (up to the maximum legal GVW),powered by a
diesel engine and used for haulage work.
The load carried generally required twin tyres fitted side
by side on the rear wheels.
When the load is very heavy more axles are required.
13
BV
Rigid vehicle with drawbar trailer
14
A rigid vehicle may have two, three or four axles and can
be adapted to pull a drawbar trailer.
These vehicles are not so popular since the advent of
articulated vehicles and demountables.
15
BV
BV
Articulated vehicles
The non-articulated vehicles are classified by the total
number of wheels and the number of driving wheels.
E.g. 4 X 2 indicates a four wheeled vehicle having two
driving wheels.
Two separate road wheels secured to one hub are
regarded as one wheel for this purpose.
These haulage vehicles consists of a detachable trailer
which is supported on a platform on the tractor unit; the
connection is called a fifth wheel.
Loads carried must not exceed the gross train
weight(GTW)
There are applications in which a rigid vehicle is
preferable to an articulated vehicle.
16
BV
4
07-01-2014
An operator can benefit from the greater frame rigidity
and strength of the rigid, particularly where off-the-road
and site work is involved.
Tippers on rigid chassis are less subject to strain fracture
in the frame and body than some type of articulate.
For off-the-road work multi axle rigid vehicles have the
advantage that four-wheeled drive can be made available
at the rear bogey which greatly improves traction.
17
BV
The initial cost of a rigid vehicle can be less because the
body is mounted on the chassis without the need for a
separate trailer frame, brake system and fifth wheel
coupling.
A rigid vehicle will not jack-knife, will not give trailer
swing and is less likely to overturn.
18
BV
Demountables
Demountable rigid trucks, drawbar trailers and semi-trailers with built on,
self-motivated body-exchanging facilities are probably the most important
distribution-cost-reduction development in commercial road transport
since articulated vehicles came on the scene.
Like the articulated vehicle, the demountables leaves its cargo-carrying
components behind for loading while the prime mover continuous with
other preloaded cargo units.
19
BV
Unlike the articulated which leaves behind sophisticated
and expensive trailers, the demountable leaves only a
simple and relatively low cost body unit to stand on legs.
Thus, a much higher proportion of the capital equipment
achieves maximum utilization.
20
BV
5
07-01-2014
AIS 053
M category
A Motor vehicle with at least four wheels used for carrying
passengers.
M1 – not more than 8 + driver
M2 - 9 or more + driver, GVW not exceeding 5 ton
M3 - 9 or more + driver, GVW exceeding 5 ton
21
Means a Motor vehicle with at least four wheels used for
carrying goods
N1 - GVW not exceeding 3.5 ton.
N2 - GVW exceeding 3.5 ton but not exceeding 12 ton.
N3 - GVW exceeding 12 ton.
23
BV
In addition, they shall satisfy at least five of the following
six requirements
Off road vehicles (Cross country vehicles) –Symbol ‘G’
N1 with a GVW not exceeding 2 ton and M1
N category
The approach angle shall be at least 25 degree,
The departure angle shall be at least 20 degree,
The ramp angle shall be at least 20 degree,
The ground clearance under the front axle shall be at least
180 mm,
The ground clearance under the rear axle shall be at least
180 mm,
The ground clearance between the axles shall be at least
200 mm.
BV
22
have at least one front axle and at least one rear axle designed
to be driven simultaneously, including vehicles where the drive
to one axle can be disengaged, and
shall be capable of climbing a 30% gradient with vehicle in the
solo condition.
have at least one differential locking mechanism or at least one
mechanism having similar effect.
BV
Symbol “G” for indication of Off road vehicles (Cross
country vehicles) shall be combined with either symbol
“M” or “ N” .
For example, a vehicle of category N1, suitable for crosscountry use shall be designated as “ N1G” .
24
BV
6
07-01-2014
References
AIS 053 Automotive Vehicles-Types-Terminology
Fundamentals of vehicle body work by J.Fairbrother
Vehicle body engineering by J Pawlowski
25
BV
7