Drone Dates Al Mac

Transcript

1 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Drone Dates Drone Time Line: Key Events & Discoveries. Drone History collected by Alister William Macintyre What happened, and When who found out what Key Details how. Last updated 2013 Mar 19 Version 5.2 Table of Contents Drone Dates Introduction (3 Feb 14) .................................................................................. 2 Conflicting Stories (3 Feb 25)..................................................................................... 4 What’s Relevant? (3 Mar 17) .......................................................................................... 6 Drone Key Dates Calendar (3 Mar 17) # ! $....................................................................... 8 Roswell Incident (3 Mar 17) ....................................................................................... 9 1960+ (3 Mar 08)!........................................................................................................... 9 1970+ (3 Mar 06)!......................................................................................................... 10 1990+ (3 Mar 17)!......................................................................................................... 11 2001+ (3 Mar 09) # !..................................................................................................... 13 2002+ (3 Mar 16) # !..................................................................................................... 14 2003+ (3 Mar 14) # !..................................................................................................... 15 2007+ (3 Feb 27)........................................................................................................... 17 2007- Bottom Line Aggregate (3 Feb 04)..................................................................... 19 2004-2007 US vs. Pakistan per NAF (3 Feb 04) # ................................................... 19 2008+ (3 Feb 27) # ! ..................................................................................................... 20 2008- Bottom Line Aggregate (3 Feb 04) #.................................................................. 21 2008 Drone Crashes per DW UK (3 Feb 18)............................................................ 22 2008 US vs. Pakistan per NAF (3 Feb 04) #............................................................. 22 2009+ (3 Mar 09) # !..................................................................................................... 23 2009 Feb+ (3 Feb 18) #................................................................................................. 24 2009 June+ (3 Feb 18) # ........................................................................................... 24 2009 Sep+ (3 Feb 26)................................................................................................ 25 2009 Bottom Line Aggregate (3 Feb 24) !.................................................................... 26 2009 Drone Crashes per DW UK (3 Feb 18)............................................................ 26 2009 Drone policy per Lawfare (3 Feb 08) .............................................................. 27 2009 US vs. Pakistan per NAF (3 Feb 04) #............................................................. 27 2010+ (2 Dec 14) # !..................................................................................................... 28 2010 02 Feb+ (3 Mar 05) # !..................................................................................... 28 2010 10 Oct+ (3 Mar 09) !........................................................................................ 30 2010 Bottom Line Aggregate (3 Feb 04) ...................................................................... 32 2010 Drone Crashes per DW UK (3 Feb 18)............................................................ 33 2010 US vs. Pakistan per LWJ (3 Feb 04) ! ............................................................. 33 2010 US vs. Pakistan per NAF (3 Feb 04) #............................................................. 33 1 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 2 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM 2011+ (3 Feb 27) # ! ..................................................................................................... 34 2011 Apr+ (3 Feb 27) # ! .......................................................................................... 35 2011 06 Jun+ (3 Mar 14) # ! ..................................................................................... 37 2011 Aug+ (3 Mar 14) # !......................................................................................... 38 2011 12 Dec+ (2 Aug 23) # ! .................................................................................... 40 2011 Bottom Line Aggregate (3 Feb 24) ...................................................................... 41 2011 Drone Crashes per DW UK (3 Feb 18)............................................................ 42 2011- Drone policy per Lawfare (3 Feb 08) ............................................................. 42 2011 US vs. Pakistan per NAF (3 Feb 04) #............................................................. 42 2011- US vs. Yemen per BIJ (3 Feb 04) #................................................................ 43 2012+ (2 Dec 28) # !..................................................................................................... 43 2012 02 Feb+ (3 Mar 09) !........................................................................................ 44 2012 04 Apr+ (3 Feb 20) # ! ..................................................................................... 47 2012 06 Jun+ (3 Jan 26) # ! ...................................................................................... 50 2012 07 Jul+ (3 Feb 07) # !....................................................................................... 53 2012 09 Sep+ (3 Jan 12) # ! ...................................................................................... 56 2012 10 Oct+ (3 Mar 14) # !..................................................................................... 57 2012 11 Nov+ (3 Mar 14) # !.................................................................................... 59 2012 12 Dec+ (3 Mar 14) ! ....................................................................................... 64 2012 12+ US Drone vs. Iran claims (3 Mar 14) ! ..................................................... 66 2012 Bottom Line Aggregate (3 Mar 04) ..................................................................... 66 2012- Drones via 3d printers (3 Mar 04) .................................................................. 66 2012 Drone Crashes per DW UK (3 Feb 18)............................................................ 66 2012 Drone policy per Lawfare (3 Feb 08) .............................................................. 67 2012- Pakistan attacked per PBC (3 Feb 04) # ......................................................... 67 2012- US CIA vs. Pakistan per BIJ (3 Feb 04) #...................................................... 67 2012 US vs. Pakistan per NAF (3 Feb 04) #............................................................. 68 2012- US vs. Somalia per BIJ (3 Feb 04) # .............................................................. 68 2012- US vs. Yemen per BIJ (3 Feb 04) #................................................................ 68 2013+ (3 Feb 07)........................................................................................................... 69 2013 Feb- Drone policy per Lawfare (3 Feb 08) !.................................................... 73 2013 Feb+ (3 Mar 10) ............................................................................................... 74 2013 March+ (3 Mar 19) .......................................................................................... 78 2013 April+ (3 Mar 14) ............................................................................................ 81 2014+ (3 Jan 24) ........................................................................................................... 82 Al Mac Research split (2 Jan 31) ...................................................................... 83 Drone Research Sharing Sites (3 Jan 31)...................................................................... 85 Contacting author (2 July 10) ................................................................................... 86 Drone Dates Introduction (3 Feb 14) I am a former trouble-shooter who solved problems in midrange computer systems (bigger than a PC, smaller than a mainframe) but no longer have the stamina for that life. I still solve such problems, but only part time. 2 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 3 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM In that career, I learned that witnesses can get confused in chaotic conditions, which were a surprise or shock to them, we translate witness statements into clues to figure out what really happened, to both repair any damage, and end phenomena causing things to go wrong in the first place. That career has apparently made me pretty good at independent research, and translating biased statements into better pictures of what’s really going on. I am now semi-retired, studying topics behind the headlines, where I wish to know more than what I see in the news media and social media. My interest has been peaked by alleged use of drones, in evolution of military and surveillance. My notes end up in documents of growing size, so I periodically split them into more specialized focus. The intention of this document is to keep track of info from the many relevant source documents and articles which I have located so far, on drones, and related national security topics. Prior to my focus on drones, I was looking into disasters caused by a combination of predictable natural phenomena, and human lack of good preparedness, where I first tried to wrap my head around what happened, why the rescue and audits were flawed, then addressed what can be done to mitigate risk for next time. That continues to be my strategy. Try to get at the facts, uncontaminated by bias, see what’s going wrong, think about how that could be fixed. I recognize that along the way, there may be bias, not yet translated into truth. I want to both present an academically or journalistically fair representation of the various view points, and share my personal view point, when analyzing what the heck is going on, and what can be done about problem areas. The Author of this research, Alister Wm Macintyre, welcomes other people to download copies of Al’s work, but warns that different cited sources have different attribution and copyright restrictions, so care should be followed downstream, in selecting where to re-use the material. Users of my research hold Alister Wm. Macintyre harmless, and also the places I upload my research to, and agree that my copyright is reserved and that the informati on is available for the intended purpose of helping my social network friends share an understanding on how humans ought to do a better job of learning about our world, so that we can take constructive action to improve it. I am doing this using individual documents focusing on different topics which appear to be vastly misunderstood by policy makers, and large segments of voters, to try to avoid any one document being excessively large. Some of my research content is direct quotes from other sources. I try to give credit every time I do this, and structure the quotes, so it is pretty obvious that they are quotes. 3 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 4 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Conflicting Stories (3 Feb 25) Today, there are remotely piloted, and automomous vehicles which travel in space, in air, on and under water, on land, on Earth and other planets of our solar system, inside buildings, inside humans and other biological organisms. In popular culture, they are all called drones, while the military and engineers have an army of acronyms to describe each kind.1 Many people are only interested in a sub-set of the total collection of drones, such as those currently in the skies, and expected in the near future. In learning about drones, first off there are conflicting views on defining them, similar to the advancement of computers. Many people define computers, based on examples of computers they use today, which are vastly more sophisticated than devices which were marketed as computers around the time of WW II, or their forebears which go back more than a century. Similarly drones are the latest stage of technological development where in the age of the Jetsons, or future time of Star Ship Enterprise, there will be people who say that what we today call computers, or drones, were not really such things, because they have nothing in common with those future devices in sophistication. Drone technology appears to be advancing vastly more rapidly than computer technology, perhaps because it is without restrictions. As patents and licenses proliferate, they constrain the freedom of people to innovate. So if people want to slow down the pace of drone development, then apply the computer development limitations to another area of human endeavor. In learning about drones, there is an abundance of conflicting stories. Here are two versions of contemporary military reality:  The military drones are a precision weapon, which kill only our enemies, and harm no innocent civilians. We hear this version from many US government spokespersons, and some news media.  The military is using drones to kill thousands of innocent civilians, children, and our allies. We hear this story from an abundance of independent researchers, struggling to gather info in a war zone, where our enemies have an interest in distorting the truth to make us look bad. What I have been able to figure out so far, is that military intelligence is sometimes corrupted by paying bribes to informants to identify enemies, where some informants are more interested in being paid, than delivering truth. The result is that many people the US killed, thinking they were enemies, were in fact totally innocent. After studying numerous sources, I have come to the realization that in recent wars involving boots on the ground conventional invasion, for every one proven enemy warrior killed, there are 10-15 innocent bystanders killed. The ratios were much higher in wars at least thru WW II. But with drones, with most nations, most of the killing is of the enemy, where some uncertain percentage is of total innocents. So provided we are 1 See Drone Terms for translations of over 1,000 acronyms and related National Security concepts. 4 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 5 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM going to war on nation X, more innocent civilian lives will be spared if we use drones, instead of a ground invasion. For a detailed analysis of the targeted killing process, how kill lists are created, managed, thru execution of the targets, and what accountability (if any) is included, see:  McNeal, Gregory S., Kill-Lists and Accountability (March 5, 2013). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1819583 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1819583 or http://bit.ly/KillLists  which I have downloaded, naming it: SSRN2 Targeted Killing Process 2013 March3 127 pages Here are two versions of domestic reality:  Most drones are surveillance only. They will help police work, because they are a fraction of the cost to operate, compared to manned flight, police cars, etc.  Military drones are coming home, as the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan wind down, and will be used by militarized police in the same heavy handed way against innocent victims, as they were used in the wars. This will vary by city, depending on how well trained the police are, and how vulnerable local politics is to corruption. o A sub-set of this is that in the interests of preserving National Security, some people have been placed in command of security, who would have been at home in the Nazi death camps, because they have lost sight of the principles of civil liberties enshrined in the US constitution. They think that people who promote those values are weak minded traitors. We see from reports from Fusion Centers that history is repeating which the Church Commission found to be reprehensible. When they are caught, only the lower level workers are punished, for abuses like Abu Graib, while the higher authorities who authorized torture, wrote legal memos saying it was Ok, they get off scot free, and continue the same behavior. o The voters have a civic duty to communicate to politicians that the people want government officials who are competent in providing security, protecting civil liberties, and using technology wisely. We should not have to sacrifice one of those areas, to get any of the others. What I have been able to figure out so far, is that activist organizations are using FOIA4 to learn precisely what local organizations have told FAA 5 on their applications for permission to fly drones over cities all over the USA. This info is then used by members of the public to demand that legislators and administrators prohibit use of drones to violate constitutional protections, within constraints of US Supreme Court rulings. 2 3 SSRN = Social Science Research Network 2013 Mar 14 downloaded from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1819583 4 FOIA = Freedom of Information Act. More info in Drone Terms. 5 FAA = Federal Aviation Administration. More info in Drone Notes and Drone Terms. 5 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 6 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM See in Drone Notes, where I have info by geography domestically in USA, Canada, Britain, where drones now operating locally. I tentatively plan to split that off to a separate doc, naming not yet decided. What we do not yet know, is what protections there will be of the surveillance data, to avoid it being breached by criminals not bound by the laws or constitution. See Drone Issues for more on that topic. What’s Relevant? (3 Mar 17) We hear about many events in the news, before we know how the attack took place. So some stuff may end up in here, before we know for sure whether it was a drone strike, a different kind of attack in the same war. The justification for some drone strikes is bad stuff the other side has been doing, or is threatening to do, so it may be useful to show how serious the other side’s stuff, to keep things in perspective. Q+A with contacts on drone-list,6 and other social media, leads me to revise some of my working definitions. My definition of a drone includes vehicles and weapon systems delivery without a human operator there in person . Because large numbers of other people limit their definitions to vehicles in the sky, without a human operator on board, perhaps I should label various kinds of unmanned vehicles to improve clarity:  Autonomous weapon = weapon system which does not have a human operator, on board, or by remote control. Examples: AEGIS; cruise missiles; flying bomb; smart bomb.  Ground drone = unmanned vehicle not in sky or water, such as a Google car.  Interior drone = unmanned vehicle not outdoors.  Killer Robot = autonomous drone, which does not have a human operator, on board, or by remote control.  Marine drone = unmanned boat.  Sky drone = unmanned vehicle in the sky.  Submarine drone = unmanned underwater vehicle, not including torpedoes. My definition of signature killing is an assassination attempt, against people because of their ethnicity, clothing, or what they appear to be doing. It is the military equivalent of racial profiling, or hate crimes. There is high risk of killing totally 6 Drones, a discussion list focused entirely on drones: https://mailman.stanford.edu/mailman/listinfo/drone-list 6 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 7 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM innocent people, because the drone operators do not understand what is normal behavior in the alien culture they are attacking. My definition of targeted killing is an assassination attempt, where a specific named person is the official target. The assassination could be by human dirty tricks, poison, conventional guns, sniper, drone strike, bombing, missile, other means, all of which can also be used in killing, when it is other than a targeted killing.  There were attacks during the European colonist wars with native American Indians, where blankets from people killed by diseases, for which the natives had no defenses, were given as presents, for the purpose of killing all the natives in various villages. Some people might consider this to be targeted killing, or signature killing. At the time, historians had not yet come up with terminology like ethnic cleansing, genocide, or a serious hate crime, although that certainly was what was going on. Was a military strike done with human assassins, manned vehicle, cruise missile, vehicle which can try to land again, or a stationary weapon system (like AEGIS7 or an antimissile defense system)? If it was an unmanned vehicle or missile, was it controlled by a human like radio control, laser connection, etc., relay through a swarm, some kind of computer system like a baby Sky Net, AI8 on board, or was it a dumb system, like the balloons which use altitude or GPS9 to decide when to drop some more bombs? Is the technology, which is being used, hackable, or inside totally isolated from any interference, or detection? Was the attack decision based on:10  Bribes = The US offers rewards for informants to identify enemies of the US. Some informants are more interested in the money than in the truth.  NIAC = Non-International Armed Conflict = a Civil War in some nation, where multiple nations can be participating on one side or the other. People get onto kill-lists because they are believed to be a threat to our forces there, or one of our allies there. o For example, NATO participated in a NIAC in Afghanistan. There are people in Pakistan who periodically cross the border to attack NATO interests in Afghanistan. So this justifies NATO drone strikes on the people in Pakistan, who are believed to be doing this, even though those people are not a threat to the homelands of US or NATO allies. 7 AEGIS is a system on many US Navy ships, which controls all the weapons, all the detection systems, decides what is a threat, decides what to shoot at, without a human in the loop. 8 AI = Artificial Intelligence. 9 GPS = Global Positioning Satellite. 10 For more info on some of these concepts, see Drone Terms. 7 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 8 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM    o Some conflicts, such as in the Pakistan NIAC, have Al Qaeda affiliates and Taliban on more than one side. Pakistan calls them good-militants (on Pakistan side) and bad-militants (on other side), hates the US killing any of the good-militants. Plot prevention = intelligence finds out that someone is planning some attack, and they are not part of any Al Qaeda affiliate, whom we are at war with. The perpetrators need to be caught or killed, to prevent their plot from succeeding. TNIAC = Transnational NIAC = We are at war with non-state actors, who can be located in any nation on the planet, including nations where local law enforcement is not going to be able to arrest them for us. o For example, the US is on the side of the rebels in the war in Syria. On the other side are China, Russia, Iran, Iraq, alQ affiliates. There are people on the other side in Iraq whom the Iraqis support, so the only way for US to take them out of the fight is to kill them. The operators of the strikes which do so, are located in USA or UK, so under the USA interpretation of international law, justifying this assassination, it would also be totally legitimate for some actor on the other side to do a military strike on the US or UK base where those operators are based, because obviously the US or UK governments are not going to cooperate with the extradition of those operators to stand trial in Iraq for doing the assassination there. This should not trigger more hostilities between US or UK and whoever does that military strike, because the strike is limited to the bases and people who have involved themselves in the Syrian NIAC. o Everyone, doing these kinds of assassinations, prefers to keep somewhat confidential who is behind them, to limit the retaliation. Signature = people who behave a certain suspicious way, are presumed to be enemies, who are justifiable to kill. Drone Key Dates Calendar (3 Mar 17) # ! $ The earliest recorded use of an unmanned aerial vehicle for war fighting occurred on August 22, 1849, when the Austrians attacked the Italian city of Venice with unmanned balloons loaded with explosives.11 That’s recorded history. There is stuff forgotten in history. For example, we no longer have a good explanation for Greek Fire.12 According to one source, the first pilotless aircraft was developed in 1916 (see photograph of it at footnote link).13 It was never actually used in WW I because the inventor, not being a pilot, was not allowed to operate it, and pilots who did test it, had zero experience with anything radio controlled. According to other sources, the first pilotless aircraft were developed soon after WW I, and became known as flying bombs.14 Many people remember that drones have been 11 12 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_fire 13 http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/shortcuts/2013/feb/10/secret-history-of-drones-1916 14 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 8 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 9 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM used as early as WW II, when Germany sent unmanned aircraft, loaded with bombs, to explode in London, during the Battle of Britain, then developed ballistic missiles, which after the war led to space flight. These weapon delivery vehicles were one way suicide attacks. The vehicles were not designed to land again after completing their missions. At the same time the Japanese launched balloons from submarines, just off west coast of USA, to fly over continental USA. Each time the balloon dropped below some set altitude, it dropped incendiary bombs of some kind. Britain started using drones via unmanned, radio-controlled De Havilland Tiger Moths, for target practice by the British Royal Navy in the 1930’s and 1940’s.15 This technology got developed in several directions, including model aircraft, and larger aircraft to monitor radioactivity from nuclear tests.16 It was the downing of U-2 spy plane(s) deep over hostile territory which fueled some work on unmanned spy aircraft, prior to serious development of the space program. Roswell Incident (3 Mar 17) Immediately after WW II was the Roswell incident, summer of 1947 in New Mexico.17 I do not believe that was a space craft from outer space, or any other science fiction explanation, of which I have heard many. My favorite involved time travel. Sorry I cannot now cite what was declassified many years ago, which the true UFO believers thought was another cover-up when it came out, after many many cover-ups during the Cold War. Here is what I believe: In the early days of the Cold War, the US had developed special balloons which could be inserted into the jet stream. They had silvered exteriors to protect them from the extreme cold of high altitude, and the violent winds of the jet stream. They went in over Western Europe, flew over the USSR, taking lots of photographs, then came down again, or were brought down, over continental USA. The Roswell Incident involved one which came down into the hands of people who did not know what the heck it was. Because of the secrecy of Cold War surveillance, it was necessary to have a series of cover-ups, so Russian spies would not come snooping around where people, labeled as being crazy, had seen UFOs. Many of the UFOs were in fact new kinds of military aircraft, not yet declassified. 1960+ (3 Mar 08)! The Russians are not believed when they say they invented anything first, because they make so many such claims. It was in the 1960’s, they tell us (in 2013) when they 15 Introduction to Drone Wars UK Briefing http://www.documento.com/doc/84993286/Drone-Wars-Briefing-Final2 16 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 17 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roswell_UFO_incident 9 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 10 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM invented drones first.18 I reported Early Drone History thru this latest claim, with dronelist,19 and there was a relevant reply: For German subscribers of the list there is a pretty interesting podcast about drones: http://alternativlos.org/27/ History of drones, from Vietnam and Venice onwards, is also part of this. In the 1960’s the US Navy made heavy use of helicopter drones for fighting submarines.20 In the 1960’s serious work began on using solar power for drones, so they could remain aloft indefinitely.21 1970+ (3 Mar 06)! In 1972, the US Supreme Court ruled in the Keith Case, a warrant is required for domestic security surveillance, but it did not pass “judgment on the scope of the President’s surveillance power with respect to the activities of foreign powers, within or without this country.”22 1973 = the last year Britain stripped anyone of their British citizenship, prior to the April 2003 law.23 Apparently it is illegal for Britain to kill British citizens with drones, so when the nation wishes to do exactly that, it strips them of their citizenship first. In 1975-1976, the Church Commission learned about serious violations of civil liberties, thanks to various US agencies tasked with National Security responsibilities.24 While they may have been doing a competent job with security, they were doing an incompetent job with respecting the US Constitution. So many reforms were enacted, thanks to what the Church Commission found out. Unfortunately, the result was to replace reality with an incompetent job of doing security, as we found out with 9-11. Various investigations in the wake of 9-11, attempted to fix the security, but then we found out with the Fusion Centers, and ATF scandals,25 that not only had reality returned to the same kinds of abuses which the Church Commission found, but the people whose job it was to provide 18 http://english.ruvr.ru/2013_03_02/Russia-to-buy-no-more-foreign-drones/ https://mailman.stanford.edu/mailman/listinfo/drone-list 20 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Unmanned_Combat_Air_Vehicles 21 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles 22 http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0407_0297_ZO.html http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/02/context-for-judicial-oversight-of-the-targeted-killing-program-abrief-history-of-the-creation-of-the-foreign-intelligence-surveillance-court/ 23 http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2013/02/27/graphic-detail-how-uk-government-has-used-itspowers-of-banishment/ 24 See details in Drone Terms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Committee 25 See details in Drone Terms. 19 10 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 11 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM National Security protection were apparently incompetent in all critical areas: security, constitutional civil liberties protection; using technology wisely. In 1978, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) was created, thanks to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA).26 The court is composed of seven judges selected by the Chief Justice of the United States. Each judge was required to be from a different circuit, and judges were limited to seven years of service on FISC. I n addition to their FISA-related duties, the judges would retain their regular responsibilities as district judges. In early 2013, thanks to Memo Gate,27 there was public policy debate over whether this court, or a similar one, should get involved in approving the Targeted Kill Lists of Drones, or the aftermath when families of victims sought compensation for the killing of alleged innocents. In 1979, FISC approved 207 orders, and over time its workload has steadily increased. 1990+ (3 Mar 17)! It was not until the 1990’s that technology advanced to provide good command and control for unmanned military aircraft.28 Thanks to GPS, Cruise Missiles began to take off as an effective part of the US military arsenal. In 1991, we had the first Gulf War, the one started because Iraq invaded Kuwait. This brought US military advancements to be viewed on a world stage, 29 where previous drone use in the Vietnam War had been more under wraps. In 1995, in Bosnia and Yugoslavia, US and NATO drones were used for surveillance.30 In the Bosnian war, the USA bombed the Chinese embassy. We do not know if that attack was via drones, cruise missiles, or manned flight. This was not a targeted attack against a particular Chinese person at the embassy, rather it was against a radio station, which was broadcasting info to help the side the US was fighting. Later the USA claimed they did not know that radio station was in the Chinese embassy, but many people think this was an accident on purpose. April 18, 1999, a Predator drone crashed.31 May 13, 1999, a Predator drone was shot down by the Serbians. 32 26 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/02/context-for-judicial-oversight-of-the-targeted-killing-program-abrief-history-of-the-creation-of-the-foreign-intelligence-surveillance-court/ 27 See in Drone Scribd. 28 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Unmanned_Combat_Air_Vehicles 29 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-brenner/drones-and-the-end-of-str_b_2758562.html 30 http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/03/08/everything-you-need-to-know-aboutthe-drone-debate-in-one-faq/?wprss=rss_ezra-klein https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-1_Predator#In_the_Balkans 31 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-1_Predator#In_the_Balkans 11 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 12 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM May 20, 1999, a Predator drone was shot down by the Serbians. 33 Oct 3, 1999, USAF had a crash.34 Nov 17, 1999, USAF had a crash.35 Nov 22, 1999, USAF had a crash.36 Dec 6, 1999, USAF had a crash.37 Dec 10, 1999, USAF had a crash.38 Dec 15, 1999, USAF had a crash.39 The terminology “targeted killing” became generally known in 2000, when the Israelis made a public policy when targeting alleged terrorists in Occupied Palestine Territories. 40 Many reports claim the first documented case of targeted killing was in Yemen in 2002. I believe they are referring to targeted killing by the USA.41 Jan 20, 2000, USAF had a crash.42 Feb 16, 2000, USAF had two crashes.43 Mar 19, 2000, USAF had a crash.44 May 31, 2000, USAF had a crash.45 June 16, 2000, USAF had a crash.46 June 21, 2000, USAF had a crash.47 32 33 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-1_Predator#In_the_Balkans https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-1_Predator#In_the_Balkans 34 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 35 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 36 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 37 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 38 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 39 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 40 See in my official document collection: UN Drone Legalities 2010 May. 41 For example: Doyle McManus, A U.S. License to Kill. L.A. TIMES, Jan. 11, 2003, http://articles.latimes.com/2003/jan/11/world/fg-predator11 and McNeal, Gregory S., Kill-Lists and Accountability (March 5, 2013). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1819583 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1819583 or http://bit.ly/KillLists 42 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 43 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 44 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 45 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 46 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 12 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 13 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Aug 2, 2000, USAF had a crash.48 Aug 3, 2000, USAF had a crash.49 Aug 8, 2000, USAF had a crash.50 Aug 11, 2000, USAF had a ground mishap, at a UK air base.51 Aug 28, 2000, USAF had a crash.52 Aug 29, 2000, USAF had a crash.53 Aug 31, 2000, USAF had two crashes.54 Sep 6, 2000, USAF had a crash.55 Sep 12, 2000, USAF had a crash.56 Sep 14, 2000, USAF had a crash.57 2001+ (3 Mar 09) # ! In the US fiscal year Oct 2000 thru Sept 2001, the USAF had 35 crashes of various types of aircraft.58 Sept 11, 2001 becomes known as 9/11, a day of terrorist attacks on US soil, which leads America to join the war on terror, which had been going on without the US for a while, just as Pearl Harbor led the US to join WW II, which had been going on a while before USA became a combatant in it. In 2001, The Patriot Act changed FISC from 7 to 11 judges, and required three rather than two judges to be in the vicinity of D.C. at all times.59 47 48 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 49 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 50 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 51 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 52 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 53 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 54 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 55 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 56 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 57 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY00.html 58 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY01.html 59 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/02/context-for-judicial-oversight-of-the-targeted-killing-program-abrief-history-of-the-creation-of-the-foreign-intelligence-surveillance-court/ 13 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 14 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Thanks to American Security Project (ASP)60 we see the essential document providing for the use of military force and by extension, the use of drones, against terrorism and terrorist organizations. 107th Congress. (2001, September 18) “Public Law 107-40: Authorization for Use of Military Force.” United States Congress. [On -line]. Available: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-107publ40 According to Aviation Intel,61 the first use of Drones in Air-to-Air combat was to shoot down Saddam aircraft violating no-fly zones after the first Gulf War. President Bush lifted a 25 year ban62 on US assassinations63 just after 9/11.64 2002+ (3 Mar 16) # ! Many reports claim the first documented case of targeted killing was in Yemen in 2002. I believe they are referring to targeted killing by the USA, which I believe started right after 9/11, but may have started earlier.65 See 2000 for Israeli targeted killing. April 2002 there was targeted killing, allegedly by Russian armed forces, of “rebel warlord” Omar Ibn al Khattab in Chechnya.66 According to Drone Warfare 101:67 QUOTE Phase one, roughly 2002-04, served as a testing period of limited strikes on high-value targets. The first use of remotely piloted drones for missile attacks outside identified war zones took place in 2002. This attack, in northeastern Yemen, killed al-Qaeda member Salim Sinan al-Harethi, who was suspected of masterminding the 2000 USS Cole bombing in Aden68. The next attack, in 2004, targeted Nek Mohammad, a former mujahed who became an 60 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 61 http://aviationintel.com/2012/08/14/predator-vs-foxbat-the-future-of-air-to-air-combat-via-drone-beganalmost-a-decade-ago/ 62 https://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RS21037.pdf 63 http://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/06/world/threats-responses-hunt-for-suspects-fatal-strike-yemen-wasbased-rules-set-bush.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm 64 http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2012/11/03/ok-fine-shoot-him-four-words-that-heralded-adecade-of-secret-us-drone-killings/ 65 For example: Doyle McManus, A U.S. License to Kill. L.A. TIMES, Jan. 11, 2003, http://articles.latimes.com/2003/jan/11/world/fg-predator11 and McNeal, Gregory S., Kill-Lists and Accountability (March 5, 2013). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1819583 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1819583 or http://bit.ly/KillLists 66 BBC, Russia ‘Kills’ Chechen Warlord, 25 April 2002. See in my Drone Reports official document collection: UN Drone Legalities 2010 May. 67 http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print 68 http://articles.cnn.com/2002-11-04/world/yemen.blast_1_cia-drone-marib-internationalkillers?_s=PM:WORLD 14 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 15 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM influential member of the Taliban and fled to Pakistan after the 2001 U.S. invasion of Afghanistan.69 UNQUOTE According to ASP70 77 Strategic Context of Lethal Drones71 QUOTE A U.S. drone targeted Nek Muhammad Wazir, the leader of an insurgency in Northwest Pakistan. Officials had accused Wazir of harboring al Qaeda and Taliban figures.72 He had just signed a ceasefire with the Pakistani government, but the agreement was fraught with disagreements between the insurgents and the government over terms; while they were arguing about those terms a U.S. drone killed Wazir. UNQUOTE Can we imagine what the results of the ceasefire might have become, for Pakistan, had the US not intervened? All of the above was in the Bush administration. According to Drone Warfare 101:73 Phase #1 had 2 strikes, killing 2 high value targets, killing 11 total, with ratio of high value to total being: 1:5. In the US fiscal year Oct 2001 thru Sept 2002, the USAF had 45 crashes of various types of aircraft.74 November 2002 had targeted killing of alleged al Qaeda leader Ali Qaed Senyan al-Harithi and five other men in Yemen, reportedly by a CIA-operated Predator drone using a Hellfire missile.75 'OK fine. Shoot him'. Four words that heralded a decade of secret US drone killings 76 In the US fiscal year Oct 2002 thru Sept 2003, the USAF had 43 crashes of various types of aircraft.77 2003+ (3 Mar 14) # ! April 1, 2003 Britain passes Nationality Immigration and Asylum Act of 2002, which includes provisions for stripping people of their citizenship.78 69 Syed Saleem Shahzad, Inside Al-Qaeda and the Taliban: Beyond Bin Laden and 9/11 (Pluto, 2011); Ahmed Rashid, Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia, 2nd Edition (Yale University Press, 2010). 70 ASP = American Security Project http://americansecurityproject.org/ 71 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/ 72 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/taliban/militants/mohammed.html 73 http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print 74 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY02.html 75 Jane Mayer, The Predator War, The New Yorker, 26 Oct. 2009; Greg Miller, C.I.A. Said to Use Outsiders to Put Bombs on Drones, LA Times, 13 Feb. 2009. See in my official document collection: UN Drone Legalities 2010 May. 76 http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2012/11/03/ok-fine-shoot-him-four-words-that-heralded-adecade-of-secret-us-drone-killings/ 77 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY03.html 15 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 16 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM CNN lists Taliban leaders who have been killed in the CIA drone campaign, according to data compiled by the New America Foundation from reliable news reports :79 June 18, 2004: Nek Mohammad, Taliban leader In the US fiscal year Oct 2003 thru Sept 2004, the USAF had 25 crashes of various types of aircraft.80 In the US fiscal year Oct 2004 thru Sept 2005, the USAF had 24 crashes of various types of aircraft.81 Some time in 2004, and again in 2005, US Marshall Service drones crashed.82 In the US fiscal year Oct 2005 thru Sept 2006, the USAF had 25 crashes of various types of aircraft.83 According to Drone Warfare 101:84 QUOTE The second phase, 2005-07, consisted of a slight increase in strikes but retained the same target set: high-value terrorist suspects. These attacks were conducted exclusively in Pakistan and followed the initial success of the program, defined by eliminating high-value targets. In 2005, the United States claimed it killed alQaeda's number three, Hamza Rabia, but conflicting reports cast doubts on Rabia's actual position and foreshadowed the ambiguity involved in targeting and identifying high-value targets.85 UNQUOTE The above was in the Bush administration. According to Drone Warfare 101:86 Phase #2 had 6 strikes, killing 2 high value targets, killing 53 total, with ratio of high value to total being: 1:26. July 7, 2005: Multiple terrorist attacks in London England on various transportation. One of the outcomes was to change a 2002 law (see April 1 2003) so that a British subject’s citizenship is gone, just as soon as the Home Secretary signs the order. 87 In 78 http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2013/02/27/graphic-detail-how-uk-government-has-used-itspowers-of-banishment/ 79 http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/03/opinion/bergen-drones-taliban-pakistan/index.html 80 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY04.html 81 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY05.html 82 http://www.aclu.org/blog/technology-and-liberty-national-security-criminal-law-reform/new-documentsreveal-us-marshals 83 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY06.html 84 http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print 85 Gretchen Peters, "Drone Said to Have Killed Al Qaeda's No. 3," The Christian Science Monitor, December 5, 2005,, http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/1205/p04s02-wosc.html 86 http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print 87 http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2013/02/27/graphic-detail-how-uk-government-has-used-itspowers-of-banishment/ 16 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 17 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM 2004 a court overturns this order on Abu Hamza because this would have made him stateless.88 Targeted Killings occurred in 2005 – 2008 by both Sri Lankan government forces and the opposition, LTTE group of individuals identified by each side as collaborating with the other.89 March 30, 2006: Britain modifies Nationality Immigration and Asylum Act (see April 1, 2003) to increase powers of Home Secretary in removing citizenship from people.90 July 2006: David Hicks, Australian prisoner at Gitmo, receives and loses British Citizenship, on the same day.91 Oct 2, 2006, a USAF drone crashed.92 Oct 26, 2006, a USAF drone crashed.93 Nov 27, 2006, a USAF drone crashed in Iraq.94 Dec 4, 2006, a USAF drone crashed.95 Did the USA do a drone strike in the Philippines in 2006?96 2006: An Iran drone allegedly buzzed the US air craft carrier Ronald Reagan, according to a Russian source.97 2007+ (3 Feb 27) Jan 17, 2007, a USAF MQ-1B Predator drone crashed in Iraq due to engine failure.98 $ 4.16 million estimated damage. Jan 18, 2007, a USAF drone crashed.99 Jan 19, 2007, a USAF drone crashed.100 88 I do not understand the logic. There is precedent with children sent away from Britain during the Blitz, to Australia, without documentation who’s who, leading to thousands of such children growing up stateless in Australia, without either British nor Australian citizenship. 89 See in my official document collection: UN Drone Legalities 2010 May. 90 http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2013/02/27/graphic-detail-how-uk-government-has-used-itspowers-of-banishment/ 91 http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2013/02/27/graphic-detail-how-uk-government-has-used-itspowers-of-banishment/ 92 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 93 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 94 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 95 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 96 http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-07-09/an-philippines-us-drone/4119604 97 http://www.strategypage.com/militaryforums/9-2695.aspx#startofcomments 98 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/drone-crash-database/ http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/ExecSum2007/MQ-1B_17Jan07.pdf 99 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 17 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 18 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Feb 06, 2007, a Raytheon Cobra drone crashed, with minor damage, at the Whetstone airport south of Benson AZ.101 Feb 22, 2007, a USAF drone crashed.102 Feb 23, 2007, a USAF drone crashed.103 Mar 12, 2007, two different USAF drones crashed.104 Mar 26, 2007, a USAF MQ-1B Predator drone crashed in Afghanistan due to pilot error.105 May 15, 2007, a USAF drone crashed.106 May 30, 2007, a USAF drone crashed.107 I live in Evansville Indiana, was totally oblivious to this incident. I was aware of what got labeled as a National Guard training exercise at our civilian airport, which crashed near a major factory, and high rise hotel. But this appears to have been a different incident. 108 June 11, 2007, two different USAF drones crashed.109 June 15, 2007, a USAF drone crashed.110 June 26, 2007, a USAF drone crashed.111 July 15, 2007, a USAF drone crashed.112 July 30, 2007, a USAF MQ-1B Predator drone crashed in Iraq due to engine failure.113 July 31, 2007, a USAF MQ-1 Predator drone crashed in Iraq due to engine failure.114 Aug 20, 2007, a USAF drone crashed.115 100 101 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html http://www.aclu.org/national-security/foia-request-drones-faa 102 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 103 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 104 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 105 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/drone-crash-database/ 106 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 107 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 108 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/ExecSum2007/F-15D_Evansville_30May07.pdf 109 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 110 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 111 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 112 http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 113 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/drone-crash-database/ http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 114 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/drone-crash-database/ http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 115 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/drone-crash-database/ http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 18 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 19 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Aug 24, 2007, a Raytheon Cobra drone crashed, and was totally destroyed, when it hit terrain near Whetson AZ, after an uncontrolled descent. 116 It was registered to, and operated by the Raytheon company in Tucson AZ Sep 8, 2007, a USAF drone crashed.117 Sep 18, 2007, a USAF drone crashed.118 Nov 29, 2007, a USAF MQ-11 Predator drone crashed in Iraq, due to a communications failure.119 Dec 11, 2007, a Boeing A160T unmanned helicopter crashed in California.120 Dec 17, 2007, a USAF MQ-1B Predator drone crashed in Iraq, due to a power systems failure.121 2007- Bottom Line Aggregate (3 Feb 04) Several Activist organizations maintain statistics on what they found for particular calendar years. 2004-2007 US vs. Pakistan per NAF (3 Feb 04) # According to New America Foundation, for 2004-2007:122 US Drone strikes in Pakistan: 10 Strikes with civilian/unknown casualties: 7 Percentage of strikes with civilian/unknown casualties: 70% Total killed: 155-200 Militants killed: 43-76 Civilians killed: 95-107 Unknown: 16-18 % Militant deaths: 28-38% % Civilian deaths: 54-61% % Unknown deaths: 9-10% Average number of people killed per strike: 17.8 116 117 http://www.aclu.org/national-security/foia-request-drones-faa https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/drone-crash-database/ http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 118 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/drone-crash-database/ http://usaf.aib.law.af.mil/indexFY07.html 119 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/drone-crash-database/ 120 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/drone-crash-database/ 121 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/drone-crash-database/ 122 http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones/2007 19 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 20 2008+ (3 Feb 27) # ! Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM In late 2007 and early 2008, the CIA pushed an increase in Drone attacks into Pakistan. 123 In July 2008, under the Bush administration, there was a change in the way air strikes, including drone strikes, could be used against alleged enemies. Congress was kept informed, according to Congressman Mike Rogers, Republican Chairmen of the House Intelligence Committee, in a 2013 Feb Face the Nation interview.124 According to Drone Warfare 101:125 QUOTE The third phase of drone warfare took place during the end of the Bush administration and consisted of an acceleration of attack frequency: 37 during 2008, compared to a total of nine in the first two periods.126 The success of the drone program during its infancy, as defined by the ability to kill high-value targets like Harethi and Nek Mohammad, gave the Bush administration the impression that if limited drone strikes were successful, more strikes would be even better. UNQUOTE The above was in the Bush administration. According to Drone Warfare 101:127 Phase #3 had 48 strikes, killing 5 high value targets, killing 323 total, with ratio of high value to total being: 1:66 CNN lists Taliban leaders who have been killed in the CIA drone campaign, according to data compiled by the New America Foundation from reliable news reports :128 May 14, 2008: Here is a story, which has not been confirmed. W hat crashed in Needles CA was an RQ-170 Sentinel conducting a test mission out of the Nellis Range Complex. This event resulted in the self destruct mechanism, designed into the RQ-170 from day one, to be removed indefinitely from the clandestine robotic spy on high. The recovery acted like they were recovering a UFO, leading to massive conspiracy theories.129 July 28, 2008, A Raytheon Cobra drone collided with a light pole in Colorado Springs, and sustained substantial damage. It had taken off from the USAF Academy, and was 123 124 http://cryptome.org/2012/12/cia-john-drone.htm http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/02/congressman-rogers-on-congressional-personal-oversight-ofobama-drone-program-and-usg-involvement-in-al-awlaki-strike-and-the-implications-for-the-aclu-foiacases/ 125 http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print 126 The Southwest Initiative for the Study of Middle Eastern Conflicts (SISMEC), housed in the School of Middle East and North African Studies at the University of Arizona, has compiled a drone database to track all U.S. drone attacks outside identified war zones. 127 http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print 128 http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/03/opinion/bergen-drones-taliban-pakistan/index.html 129 http://aviationintel.com/2013/02/12/exclusivedid-an-rq-170-sentinel-crash-back-2008-in-needles-caresulting-in-its-self-destruct-system-being-removed/ 20 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 21 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM returning there when it crashed instead.130 It was owned and operated by Raytheon in Tucson AZ. August 13, 2008: Abdul Rehman, Taliban commander in South Waziristan August 2008: A five day war is fought between Russia and Georgia, where drones from both sides play a major part.131 Sept 24, 2008, A Raytheon Cobra drone was substantially damaged when it lost engine power, then impacted desert terrain near Whetstone AZ.132 It was owned and operated by Raytheon in Tucson AZ. As of October 2008, according to 2009-II Dod Drone Road Map:133    coalition unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) had flown almost 500,000 flight hours in support of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom; unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) had conducted over 30,000 missions, detecting and/or neutralizing over 15,000 improvised explosive devices (IEDs); and unmanned maritime systems (UMSs) have provided security to ports. October 9, 2008: There was a drone strike on a home, where there were wildly conflicting stories regarding who was killed. It sounds like military intelligence wanted to kill a certain person, and companions in the home, but actually destroyed a family whose name was similar to the intended target. We see this kind of story all the time domestically.134 Some horrible drug dealers are at some house, to be raided by the police, only afterwards it is found that they terrorized an innocent family, at the wrong address. October 26, 2008: Mohammad Omar, close associate of Nek Mohammad. Nov 6, 2008, A redacted type of drone, operated by the US Border Patrol, at Sierra Vista Airport / Libby Army Airfield, while attempting to land, instead messed up big time, effectively becoming a crash instead.135 2008- Bottom Line Aggregate (3 Feb 04) # Several organizations maintain statistics on what they found for particular calendar years. From 2002 to 2008 number of drones in DoD inventory136 increased from 167 to over 6,000. 130 131 http://www.aclu.org/national-security/foia-request-drones-faa http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/how-russia-and-georgia-started-drone-arms-race 132 http://www.aclu.org/national-security/foia-request-drones-faa 133 http://www.acq.osd.mil/psa/docs/UMSIntegratedRoadmap2009.pdf 134 http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones/2011 http://truth-out.org/news/item/10907-cover-up-of-civilian-drone-deaths-revealed-by-new-evidence 135 http://www.aclu.org/national-security/foia-request-drones-faa 21 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 22 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM 2008 Drone Crashes per DW UK (3 Feb 18) According to Drone Wars UK, in the year 2008:137 there were 13 drone crashes:  9 USAF  1 Canada  1 UK  1 Germany  1 unidentified The causes were:  1 communications failure  1 crashed into airport terminal  2 electrical failure  4 engine failure  1 hazardous weather  3 mechanical failure  2 pilot error  1 power systems failure  5 unidentified 2008 US vs. Pakistan per NAF (3 Feb 04) # According to New America Foundation, for 2008:138 US Drone strikes in Pakistan: 36 Average time between strikes: 10 days Strikes with civilian/unknown casualties: 13 Percentage of strikes with civilian/unknown casualties: 33% Total killed: 219-344 Militants killed: 157-265 Civilians killed: 23-28 Unknown: 49-54 % Militant deaths: 72-77% % Civilian deaths: 8-10% % Unknown deaths: 16-22% Average number of people killed per strike: 7.8 136 137 GAO Drones Military 10-508 t = 2010 March testimony.(21 pages) https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/drone-crash-database/ 138 http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones/2008 22 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 23 2009+ (3 Mar 09) # ! Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM January 23, 2009: First strike, of CIA under Obama administration, claims to have killed a bunch of militants, but the only survivor, a 13 year old boy, says it was his family and a few neighbors who got killed .139 The Jan 23 strikes targeted 2 houses, one in village of Zeraki, North Waziristan, Pakistan, and one in Wana, South Waziristan, Pakistan. 140 Pakistani sources initially claimed three children and at least four civilians, killed in the two strikes. Later investigations determined that 7-15 were killed, of whom 7-11 were civilians. Some news reports blur details of the two separate attacks on the same day. The New York Times says the attack was a disaster.141 American cruise missiles carrying cluster munitions killed dozens of civilians, including many women and children. Another strike, six months later, killed a popular deputy governor, inciting angry demonstrations and an attack that shut down a critical oil pipeline. See Pakistan Living Under Drones,142 reviewed in my Drone Scribd, for explanation of the difficulties of doing research in Pakistan tribal areas. However, there have been many interviews with survivors and family friends, who speak of the physical and mental anguish extended to the victims and their extended families. There are conflicting stories about whether Taliban ever visited the homes of these otherwise innocent families. Thousands of tribesmen attended the funeral of the people killed in the Zeraki strike. All locals claimed totally innocent victims there. Two years later, Islamabad attorney Shahzad Akbar filed a law suit on behalf of over a dozen Waziri residents who had been affected directly by drone strikes. One of the named plaintiffs in the suit was Faheem Qureshi, a fourteen-year boy who lost his left eye and suffered a fractured skull in the Zeraki blast. 139 http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones/2011 http://truth-out.org/news/item/10907-cover-up-of-civilian-drone-deaths-revealed-by-new-evidence 140 http://livingunderdrones.org/timeline/ INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012) 141 https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/06/world/middleeast/with-brennan-pick-a-light-on-drone-strikeshazards.html?pagewanted=2&hp 142 http://livingunderdrones.org/timeline/ INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012) 23 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 24 2009 Feb+ (3 Feb 18) # Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM February 14, 2009: New America Foundation (NAF) says a drone strike, that day, killed 25 militants and 0 civilians. A father says his 13 year old boy was among the victims.143 American Security Project (ASP)144 also lets us know about: J. M. Beard, “Law and War in the Virtual Era,” The American Journal of International Law, vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 409-445, July 2009. Beard’s paper examines the rise of technology and its impact on military capabilities. In particular, the paper studies virtual military technologies, such as unmanned aerial vehicles, and how “virtual distance” is changing warfare while simultaneously influencing operations and military culture. Finally, Beard asserts that virtual military technologies are “revitalizing” jus in bello principles, including the importance of shielding civilians from conflict. ASP Assessment: Beard’s paper is both interesting and informative in its subject and approach. It is one of the more thorough examinations of the effects of technology on military capabilities, operations, and culture. Because it addresses the use of virtual technologies, it is an important read for understanding the impacts had by these technologies on the side using them. 2009 June+ (3 Feb 18) # Jun 18, 2009: 2 drone missiles killed 1 person. When rescuers rushed to the scene, 2 more struck, killing 8 (Pakistan)145 — Dronestream (@dronestream) December 11, 2012 via146 Alias Inkhorn147 on G+.148 Many authorities consider US attacks on first responders to be a war crime, in violation of many international laws and conventions. Jun 23, 2009: Up to 80 people were killed when several US drones targeted a funeral (Pakistan).149 — Dronestream (@dronestream) December 11, 2012 via150 Alias Inkhorn151 on G+152 Many authorities consider US attacks on funerals to be a war crime, in violation of many international laws and conventions. August 5, 2009: Baitullah Mehsud, overall leader of the Pakistani Taliban. 143 144 http://truth-out.org/news/item/10907-cover-up-of-civilian-drone-deaths-revealed-by-new-evidence http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 145 https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/19/world/asia/19pstan.html?_r=2&ref=world& 146 http://www.businessinsider.com/us-drone-tweets-reveal-double-tap-plan-2012-12 http://www.livescience.com/25509-drone-count-double-tap.html 147 https://plus.google.com/u/0/103028459671171670815/about 148 https://plus.google.com/u/0/103028459671171670815/posts/NaMLqy4TazC 149 http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2009/06/20096244230395712.html 150 http://www.businessinsider.com/us-drone-tweets-reveal-double-tap-plan-2012-12 http://www.livescience.com/25509-drone-count-double-tap.html 151 https://plus.google.com/u/0/103028459671171670815/about 152 https://plus.google.com/u/0/103028459671171670815/posts/NaMLqy4TazC 24 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 25 2009 Sep+ (3 Feb 26) Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM September 2009: IRAC (International Committee for Robot Arms Control) issued, from Sheffield Britain, their mission statement, calling upon the international community to urgently commence a discussion about an arms control regime to reduce the threat posed by these systems.153 QUOTE We propose that this discussion should consider the following:      Their potential to lower the threshold of armed conflict; The prohibition of the development, deployment and use of armed autonomous unmanned systems; machines should not be allowed to make the decision to kill people; Limitations on the range and weapons carried by “man in the loop” unmanned systems and on their deployment in postures threatening to other states; A ban on arming unmanned systems with nuclear weapons; The prohibition of the development, deployment and use of robot space weapons . UNQUOTE Also see Oct 2010. My Drone (killer) Robots document focuses on the serious implications of development of drones which will do their thing, without a human in the loop. September 7, 2009: New America Foundation (NAF) says a drone strike, that day, killed 3-5 militants and 5-7 civilians, but a 15 year old boy who lost both legs in the attack, and survived, says only 3 people died, 2 cousins, and an uncle who had been in a wheel chair for ten years.154 November 20, 2009: New America Foundation (NAF) says a drone strike, that day, killed 8 militants, but family of the household says only 3 people were killed; a tenthgrade student who was the nephew of the homeowner, and two of his friends. 155 December 31, 2009: Haji Omar, a key Taliban commander in North Waziristan. December 31, 2009: New America Foundation (NAF) says a drone strike, that day, killed 2 to 5 militants, but the owner of the house says the 3 people killed were: 156    the owner's brother, a secondary school teacher at a local public school; the owner's son, who was working at the local public school for girls, and a mason who was working on construction of the village mosque, and was staying with his family.. 153 154 http://icrac.net/statements/ http://truth-out.org/news/item/10907-cover-up-of-civilian-drone-deaths-revealed-by-new-evidence 155 http://truth-out.org/news/item/10907-cover-up-of-civilian-drone-deaths-revealed-by-new-evidence 156 http://truth-out.org/news/item/10907-cover-up-of-civilian-drone-deaths-revealed-by-new-evidence 25 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 26 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM I am unsure of the date in December 2009 when there was a strike in Yemen, in the village of Al Majalah.157     Official story = 34 fighters killed at an alQ training camp. Local witness story = massive injuries and deaths to innocent civilians. A subsequent inquiry by Yemeni parliament found that 14 Al Qaeda fighters had been killed—along with 41 civilians, including 23 children. It is unclear from reports, whether the attack was by conventional drone, or cruise missile. An information black hole exists both for US intelligence figuring out where to do attacks, and journalists figuring out what happened. 2009 Bottom Line Aggregate (3 Feb 24) ! Several organizations maintain statistics on what they found for particular calendar years. According to Long War Journal, in 2009,158 US drone strikes in Pakistan were:  42% in North Waziristan and  51% in South Waziristan. When President Obama entered office in 2009, FISA requests decreased in 2009 to 1,329 from 2,082 in 2008, but they went back up to 1,579 in 2010 and to 1,745 in 2011. Through 2011, more than 32,000 warrants have been issued by FISC, with only 11 requests denied.159 It was some time in 2009, when the US started flying drones from the Seychelles International Airport on the island of Mahé, east of Africa, north of Madagascar. 160 2009 Drone Crashes per DW UK (3 Feb 18) According to Drone Wars UK, in the year 2009:161 there were 21 drone crashes:  1 British  1 Canadian  1 German  14 USAF 157 http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/comment/2013/02/john-brennan-and-the-truth-aboutdrones.html http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/02/the-excellent-age-of-no-fuss-drones-andremarkable-war/273023/ 158 http://www.longwarjournal.org/pakistan-strikes.php 159 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/02/context-for-judicial-oversight-of-the-targeted-killing-program-abrief-history-of-the-creation-of-the-foreign-intelligence-surveillance-court/ See 1978-1979 for the start of FISA and FISC, 160 https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ 161 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/drone-crash-database/ 26 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 27  4 unidentified Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM They occurred:  13 Afghanistan  4 Iraq  3 USA  1 Wales, UK 2009 Drone policy per Lawfare (3 Feb 08) Robert Chesney of Lawfare162 summarized info collected by Daniel Klaidman.163 QUOTE: January 2009-December 2009: Almost immediately after coming into office, a mistaken strike in Pakistan draws the President’s attention to the CIA’s use of the signature-strike method there. UNQUOTE This leads to a White House discussion of CIA and military policies, which in turn refines the kill list. 2009 US vs. Pakistan per NAF (3 Feb 04) # According to New America Foundation, for 2009:164 Drone strikes: 54 Average time between strikes: 7 days Strikes with civilian/unknown casualties: 16 Percentage of strikes with civilian/unknown casualties: 30% Total killed: 354-721 Militants killed: 241-508 Civilians killed: 66-80 Unknown: 44-136 % Militant deaths: 62-76% % Civilian deaths: 11-19% % Unknown deaths: 13-19% Average number of people killed per strike: 9.9 162 163 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/02/klaidmans-chronology-of-changes-to-drone-strike-procedures/ http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2013/02/04/john-brennan-obama-s-cia-chief-nominee-couldrestrain-the-agency.html 164 http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones/2009 27 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 28 2010+ (2 Dec 14) # ! Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Jan 6, 2010: Shortly after the first strike, as the rescue efforts were underway, the death toll rose to 15 (Pakistan).165 — Dronestream (@dronestream) December 11, 2012 via166 Alias Inkhorn167 on G+.168 Many authorities consider US attacks on first responders to be a war crime, in violation of many international laws and conventions. Jan 9, 2010: New America Foundation (NAF) says a drone strike, that day, killed 3 to 5 militants, but family of the victims say the strike killed: a government school teacher, and three other people, standing next to a shop near a car that was the target of the attack. 169 January 2010 (exact date unknown): Mahmud Mahdi Zeidan, Jordanian Taliban commander. January 2010 targeted killing, in an operation allegedly carried out by 18 Israeli Mossad intelligence agents, of Mahmoud al-Mahbouh, a Hamas leader, at a Dubai hotel. According to Dubai officials, al-Mahbouh was suffocated with a pillow; officials released videotapes of those responsible, whom they alleged to be Mossad agents.170 2010 02 Feb+ (3 Mar 05) # ! February 10, 2010: up to 23 local Afghan nationals were killed, and 12 injured, in Uruzgan Province, for which there is now zero evidence that they were enemies of the military forces operating in Afghanistan, when the convoy they were traveling in was attacked by a US drone, thanks to a failure of communications among US command structure, regarding which people in the area were believed to be part of an on-going battle, and which were innocent civilians traveling nearby, both during the battle, and in the after-action reports.171 Immediately after the incident, both SOTF172 and CJSOTF had ample evidence of a CIVCAS173 incident, but failed to report it. Commands sought confirmation of the incident, instead of reporting their suspicion of such an incident, as is 165 166 http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2010/01/20101613294018697.html http://www.businessinsider.com/us-drone-tweets-reveal-double-tap-plan-2012-12 http://www.livescience.com/25509-drone-count-double-tap.html 167 https://plus.google.com/u/0/103028459671171670815/about 168 https://plus.google.com/u/0/103028459671171670815/posts/NaMLqy4TazC 169 http://truth-out.org/news/item/10907-cover-up-of-civilian-drone-deaths-revealed-by-new-evidence 170 Targeted Killing in Dubai: A Mossad Operation Gone Awry?, Der Spiegel, 23 Feb. 2010; Ilene Prusher, Was Mossad Behind Dubai Assassination? Israel Foreign Minister Isn’t Saying, Christian Science Monitor, 17 Feb. 2010. Targeted Killing in Dubai: A Mossad Operation Gone Awry?, Der Spiegel, 23 Feb. 2010. Other examples of Israeli targeted killings include: Crimes of War Project, Case Study: The Israeli Strike Against Hamas Leader Salah Shehadeh. available at: http://www.crimesofwar.org/print/onnews/Shehadeh-print.html See in my official document collection: UN Drone Legalities 2010 May. 171 CENTCOMM Drone Insights 2012 March from http://cryptome.org/2012/03/creech-savagery.pdf 172 SOTF = Security Assistance Force. 173 CIVCAS = Civilian Casualties. 28 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 29 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM required by US military rules. The investigation learned that there is a lack of consistent terminology usage across the different personnel, which further leads to confusion. February 24, 2010: Mohammad Qari Zafar, Taliban commander wanted in connection with a bombing in Karachi in 2006. Thanks to American Security Project (ASP)174 we see: United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2010, May 28) “Study on targeted killings.” United Nations. [Online]. Available: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/14session/A.HRC.14.24.Add6. pdfhttp:// Report of the Special Rapporteur Philip Alston on the legality of American, Israeli, and Russian policies permitting targeted killings, including those carried out in territories of other states. The report argues that these policies set a dangerous precedent in international law by obscuring the boundaries of traditional legal frameworks and ultimately concludes that more stringent measures must be taken to limit overreach of such programs. ASP Assessment: This document is useful for understanding the legal issues at the core of the US drones and targeted killings debate. It also provides a comparative perspective on the programs of other nations. The report does present a very clear agenda, as it argues for stringent measures that would effectively curtail most targeted killings, but provides a thorough examination of existing legal structures regardless. Mar 31, 2010: 6 people were reported killed and 2 injured in a drone attack on a former school (Pakistan). Source:175 NYU student Josh Begley176 tweeting reported U.S. drone strikes177 since 2002.178 Apr 16, 2010: Missiles fired from US drones killed 4 in Tolkhel, hitting a car and people rushing in to help (Pakistan).179 — Dronestream (@dronestream) December 12, 2012 via180 Alias Inkhorn181 on G+.182 Many authorities consider US attacks on first responders to be a war crime, in violation of many international laws and conventions. 174 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 175 https://twitter.com/TBIJ 176 https://twitter.com/joshbegley 177 https://twitter.com/dronestream 178 http://www.livescience.com/25509-drone-count-double-tap.html 179 http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gvfJwwysV6pe_LXSLYnE6kuWNMgQ?hl=en&lr =all 180 http://www.businessinsider.com/us-drone-tweets-reveal-double-tap-plan-2012-12 http://www.livescience.com/25509-drone-count-double-tap.html 181 https://plus.google.com/u/0/103028459671171670815/about 182 https://plus.google.com/u/0/103028459671171670815/posts/NaMLqy4TazC 29 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 30 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM April 18, 2010: Iran displays one of their drones during Army Day celebrations. See picture # six.183 April 20, 2010, a Predator Drone was on an Air National Guard training mission, then the trainees tried to land it at Victorville airport, but their landing became a crash instead.184 May 21, 2010: 4 children--including Fatima, Nisar and Naeem Khan--were killed when a drone hit Mohammad Khel (Pakistan). Source: NYU student Josh Begley185 tweeting reported U.S. drone strikes186 since 2002.187 June 10, 2010: New America Foundation (NAF) says a drone strike, that day, killed 2 to 3 militants, but family of the victims say the people killed were the owner of the house and 3 neighbors.188 In September 2010, according to Living Under Drones (in Pakistan),189 US special forces bombed the convoy of Zabet Amanullah, a candidate in parliamentary elections, killing him along with nine fellow election workers; US forces reportedly mistakenly believed Amanullah to be a member of the Taliban.190 This illustrates the quality of US intelligence used to determine who should be attacked. 2010 10 Oct+ (3 Mar 09) ! The Bureau Investigates and shows details of British subjects stripped of their citizenship, before getting killed by US drones.191 October 2010: IRAC (International Committee for Robot Arms Control) held a conference in Berlin Germany, which approved the mission statement (see September 183 184 http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/04/us/new-york-drone-report/index.html?hpt=hp_t2 http://www.aclu.org/national-security/foia-request-drones-faa 185 https://twitter.com/joshbegley 186 https://twitter.com/dronestream 187 http://www.livescience.com/25509-drone-count-double-tap.html 188 http://truth-out.org/news/item/10907-cover-up-of-civilian-drone-deaths-revealed-by-new-evidence 189 http://livingunderdrones.org/ INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012) 190 Kate Clark, AFGHANISTAN ANALYSTS NETWORK, THE TAKHAR ATTACK: TARGETED KILLINGS AND THE PARALLEL WORLDS OF US INTELLIGENCE AND AFGHANISTAN (2011), available at http://aanafghanistan.com/uploads/20110511KClark_Takhar-attack_final.pdf US authorities contended that Muhammad Amin and Zabet Amanullah were the same person. According to Clark, this assertion was demonstrated to be false when Amin was interviewed in Pakistan after the September 2, 2010 strike. 191 http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2013/02/27/graphic-detail-how-uk-government-has-used-itspowers-of-banishment/ 30 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 31 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM 2009), although there were some disagreements among the participants. 192 The Berlin conference called for: QUOTE We believe: – That long-term risks posed by the proliferation and further development of these weapon systems outweigh whatever short-term benefits they may appear to have. – That it is unacceptable for machines to control, determine, or decide upon the application of force or violence in conflict or war.193 In all cases where such a decision must be made, at least one human being must be held personally responsible and legally accountable for the decision and its foreseeable consequences. – That the currently accelerating pace and tempo of warfare is further escalated by these systems and undermines the capacity of human beings to make responsible decisions during military operations. – That the asymmetry of forces that these systems make possible encourages states, and non-state actors, to pursue forms of warfare that reduce the security of citizens of possessing states. – That the fact that a vehicle is uninhabited does not confer a right to violate the sovereignty of states. 192 http://icrac.net/statements/ 193 QUOTE The decisions to which this principle should be applied include: – The decision to kill or use lethal force against a human being. – The decision to use injurious or incapacitating force against a human being. – The decision to initiate combat or violent engagement between military units. – The decision to initiate war or warfare between states or against non-state actors. It is understood that in the application of this principle, rigorous and specific definitions will need to be negotiated as terms of a global convention, and that certain exceptions may be made where the use of automation in weapons and security systems has long been customary, or where a compelling case may be made for the necessity of automation in order to protect human life from immediate threats. However, the world community should categorically reject the claim that military necessity will require robots to be capable of autonomous decision-making in the use of violent force in order to defend themselves and to ensure their prevailing over opponents. To the extent that this principle may, in the longer term, limit the effectiveness of armed robots in combat, particularly against each other, it is to be welcomed, as a concrete, equitable, verifiable and enforceable arms control measure, which may help to prevent the nightmare, so often foretold, of the loss of human control over the maintenance of security, the use of lethal force and the conduct of war, and of its surrender to an armed, autonomous technology. UNQUOTE 31 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 32 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM There is, therefore, an urgent need to bring into existence an arms control regime to regulate the development, acquisition, deployment, and use of armed teleoperated and autonomous robotic weapons. We hold that this regime should prohibit: – Further development, acquisition, deployment, and use of armed autonomous robot weapons. – Arming new kinds of autonomous or tele-operated systems with nuclear weapons. – The development, deployment, and use of robotic space weapons. We hold that this regime should restrict: – The range and payload of armed tele-operated uninhabited vehicles. – The number, by class and capability, of armed tele-operated uninhabited systems fielded by any state. – The endurance of these systems.  The development, acquisition, and deployment of weaponised uninhabited systems below a minimum size. UNQUOTE The New York Times, writing about the above, speculates that killer robots in the hands of the military, places them at risk of being more trigger happy. 194 My Drone (killer) Robots document focuses on the serious implications of development of drones which will do their thing, without a human in the loop. November 26, 2010: New America Foundation (NAF) says a drone strike, that day, killed 3 to 4 militants, but family of the victims say the people killed were: Sanaulaah Jan, a 17-year-old pre-engineering student at the government Degree College and two of his friends from the same college.195 December 17, 2010: Ibne Amin, Taliban commander in Swat. 2010 Bottom Line Aggregate (3 Feb 04) Several Activist organizations maintain statistics on what they found for particular calendar years. 194 195 https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/28/science/28robot.html?pagewanted=1&_r=5&hp& http://truth-out.org/news/item/10907-cover-up-of-civilian-drone-deaths-revealed-by-new-evidence 32 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 33 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM 2010 Drone Crashes per DW UK (3 Feb 18) According to Drone Wars UK, in the year 2010:196 there were 19 military drone crashes:  1 Australian (It crashed in Afghanistan)  1 Canadian (It crashed in Canada)  1 Israeli Defense Force (IDF) (It crashed in Gaza)  1 Italian (It crashed in Italy)  1 Mexican Army (It crashed in El Paso Tx)  13 USAF (crashed in Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, USA)  1 unidentified 2010 US vs. Pakistan per LWJ (3 Feb 04) ! According to Long War Journal, in 2010,197 US drone strikes in Pakistan were:  89% in North Waziristan and  6% in South Waziristan. The majority of the attacks have taken place in tribal areas administered by four powerful Taliban groups:  the Mehsuds,  Mullah Nazir,  Hafiz Gul Bahadar, and  the Haqqanis. In 2010, there was a dramatic shift in strikes to tribal areas administered by Hafiz Gul Bahadar. 2010 US vs. Pakistan per NAF (3 Feb 04) # According to New America Foundation, for 2010:198 US Drone strikes in Pakistan: 122 Average time between strikes: 3 days Strikes with civilian/unknown casualties: 16 Percentage of strikes with civilian/unknown casualties: 13% Total killed: 611-1028 Militants killed: 555-960 Civilians killed: 16-21 196 197 % Militant deaths: 92.4% % Civilian deaths: 2.2% https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/drone-crash-database/ http://www.longwarjournal.org/pakistan-strikes.php 198 http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones/2010 33 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 34 Unknown: 38-50 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM % Unknown deaths: 5.4% Average number of people killed per strike: 6.7 2011+ (3 Feb 27) # ! Jan 30, 2011: Unnamed US official tells Bloomberg News that there have been no civilian casualties since August when figures from Pakistan say: 199 Sep 10 to Jan 10: 25-106 civilian deaths from drones, 5+ child deaths. March 16, 2011: A drone crashed 20 miles North of Victorville CA.200 No details forthcoming. March 17, 2011: New America Foundation (NAF) says a drone strike, that day, killed 11 to 12 militants and 13 to 24 civilians, but 20 families of the victims say 50 of the people killed included 20 accredited tribal leaders from different sub-tribes in the province and another 30 tribal elders, that it was guarded by local government militiamen, and that the subject of the meeting was ownership of chromite mines in the province. 201 Some Pakistani officials said more than 40 civilians had been killed when the Americans mistook a tribal council gathering for a meeting of militants,202 but since the USA refuses to give out any info about why the meeting was targeted, we can only speculate. Maybe the US targeted the meeting precisely because the Taliban had sent one or two representatives to attend the local government judicial conference. See many more details in Drone Terms, under: Datta Khel Nomada Bus Station. Most all reports, other than from US government, paint this incident clearly as a serious war crime by the USA. One of those killed, was Malik Daud Khan.203 His son Noor Khan, a British subject, brought law suit in the British courts, claiming that Britain has shared intelligence info with USA, which has been used to help decide where to conduct drone strikes, and thus Britain shares culpability for these war crimes. Initially British courts declined to hear the case,204 but an appeal ruled in January 2013 that the case should go forwards. 205 199 200 http://livingunderdrones.org/timeline/ http://www.aclu.org/national-security/foia-request-drones-faa 201 http://truth-out.org/news/item/10907-cover-up-of-civilian-drone-deaths-revealed-by-new-evidence Also see Feb 27, 2012 AP investigation: http://www.chron.com/news/article/AP-IMPACT-New-light-on-drone-war-s-death-toll-3360725.php 202 https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/31/world/drone-strike-lawsuit-raises-concerns-on-intelligencesharing.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0&ref=world 203 See in Drone Terms, the significance of Malik in Pakistan. This person is a tribal leader, and judge. 204 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/12/british-court-rejects-drone-lawsuit-will-decision-affect-supremecourt-decision-in-kiobel/ 205 https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/31/world/drone-strike-lawsuit-raises-concerns-on-intelligencesharing.html?ref=world&_r=0 This article says the strike was CIA. Until this article, I did not know if it was CIA, NATO, or US Military. I still cannot be sure, since the US refuses to give out any such info about it. http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/01/new-york-times-on-noor-khan-lawsuit/ 34 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 35 2011 Apr+ (3 Feb 27) # ! Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM American Security Project (ASP)206 also identifies: T. Reinold, “State Weakness, Irregular Warfare, and the Right to Self -Defense Post 9/11,” The American Journal of International Law, vol. 105, no. 2, pp. 244 -286, April 2011. Reinold’s paper examines two different “safe haven” scenarios: states that are unable, and states that are unwilling to assert control over their territorial entirety. The author then evaluates these scenarios in the context of jus ad bellum and the rights of states to self-defense against irregular force in the post 9/11 security environment. ASP Assessment: An informative piece examining the development of the concept of safe havens and accompanying legal justifications for self-defense. Provides a thorough examination of how the terrorist attacks of 9/11 have shaped our understanding of safe havens as well as the legal concerns generated by them. The paper stays apolitical, and is even-handed in its interpretation of material. In April 2011, according to Living Under Drones (in Pakistan)207 US forces used a predator drone to fire upon and kill two American soldiers, in Afghanistan who had apparently been mistaken for Taliban fighters,208 which illustrates the reliability of systems used to identify enemy forces. April 17, 2011: A Boeing Drone was in a Drone test flight area near Victorville CA, when it lost main rotor thrust, and was instructed to do a computer directed auto rotation emergency landing, which was unintentionally hard enough to cause substantial damage to the drone.209 Apr 22, 2011 Drone Strike: Living Under Drones Timeline says: QUOTE:210  US official says there is no evidence to support claim of civilian deaths. 206 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 207 http://livingunderdrones.org/ INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012) 208 Jim Miklaszewski, 2 US servicemen mistakenly killed by drone attack in Afghanistan, NBC NEWS (April 11, 2011), http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42537620/ns/world_newssouth_and_central_asia/t/usservicemen-mistakenly-killed-drone-attack-afghanistan/ 209 http://www.aclu.org/national-security/foia-request-drones-faa http://livingunderdrones.org/timeline/ INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012) 210 35 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 36     Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM NYT reports that a government official in North Waziristan told Pakistani reporters that 5 children and 4 women were killed. WSJ reports “at least three women were among the dead.” CNN reports Pakistani official stating 8 civilians were killed. AP reports neighbor stating 3 children and 2 women killed. UNQUOTE According to Drone Warfare 101:211 QUOTE The final phase of the drone program is characterized by an even greater increase in attack frequency and an expansion of the target list to include targets of opportunity and unidentified militants of dubious rank — and funerals.212 As of May 2011, the CIA under the Obama administration has conducted nearly 200 drone strikes. This suggests that the drone target list now includes targets of opportunity, likely including some selected in consultation with the Pakistani authorities in order to facilitate the increasingly unpopular program. This development, in turn, has now decreased the effectiveness of the program when assessed in terms of the ratio of high-value to accidental kills. UNQUOTE The above was in the Obama administration. According to Drone Warfare 101:213 Phase #4 had 161 strikes, killing 7 high value targets, killing 1029 total, with ratio of high value to total being: 1:147 CNN lists Taliban leaders who have been killed in the CIA drone campaign, according to data compiled by the New America Foundation from reliable news reports .214 May 15, 2011: A US official, allegedly familiar with the US drone program, tells the National Journal, that since 2009 only 30 non-combatants have been killed, none since summer 2010; Drone is “most precise weapon in the history of warfare.”215 According to Pakistani sources:216 211 http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print 212 "'U.S. Drone' Hits Pakistan Funeral," Al Jazeera, June 24, 2009, http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2009/06/20096244230395712.html Pir Zubair Shah and, Salman Masood, "U.S. Drone Strike Said to Kill 60 in Pakistan," The New York Times, June 23, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/24/world/asia/24pstan.html. 213 http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-waywar?print 214 http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/03/opinion/bergen-drones-taliban-pakistan/index.html 215 http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/secret-love-obama-s-budding-romance-with-the-cia20110511?page=3 216 http://livingunderdrones.org/timeline/ INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012) 36 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 37 Drone Dates Calendar Death Toll (Jan, ’09 – May, ’11) • Number of civilian deaths: 270-496+ • Number of infant deaths: 59+ 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM 2011 06 Jun+ (3 Mar 14) # ! 2011 Summer, Iran allegedly captured a small, low-altitude Raven RQ-11 type drone, which is manufactured by AeroVironment, then did that again Nov 2012. 217 June 15, 2011: A US drone launched 2-6 missiles at a car travelling between Miranshah and Sirkot in North Waziristan, Pakistan, killing five people.218 This particular strike led to local demonstrations protesting America for killing innocent civilians. There have been multiple independent investigations of this incident, by journalists and lawyers. New America Foundation (NAF) the drone strike killed 3 to 8 militants, but families of the victims, and independent investigators, say the people killed were:  Akram Shah, a father of three in his mid-thirties, was a former taxi driver who worked for the Pakistani Water and Power Development Authority as a driver. He was driving with his cousin, Sherzada, into the city of Miranshah. Akram left behind a wife and three sons. Akram’s wife became mentally unwell after his death, and now suffers from hypertension and headaches.  Sherzada was a student, in his late teens or early twenties. at Miranshah College.219 Both he and Akram had lived in the small village of Spulga, some 15 kilometers outside Miranshah, in a large extended-family compound headed by another cousin, a prominent Malik220  Atiq-ur-Rehman, a young pharmacist, who ran the Razmak Medical shop in the Miranshah bazaar, was another of the killed passengers.221 He left behind a wife and four children, two boys and two girls, ranging in age from four months to four years. 217 See Drone Iran for more info. 218 http://livingunderdrones.org/timeline/ INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012) 219 http://truth-out.org/news/item/10907-cover-up-of-civilian-drone-deaths-revealed-by-new-evidence 220 See Malik in Drone Terms. Maliki are tribal elders appointed by Pakistani government to perform judicial roles in the Tribal area, resolving community disputes. 221 http://reprieve.org.uk/media/downloads/2012_02_22_PUB_drones_UN_HRC_complaint.pdf? utm_source=Press+mailing+list&utm_campaign=89f3db0a752012_02_23_drones_UN_compl aint&utm_medium=email referred to as “Complaint to UNHRC” by http://livingunderdrones.org/timeline/ INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012) 37 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 38   Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Irshad Khan, a teenage student, worked in Atiq-ur-Rehman’s pharmacy, was also killed. Umar Khan ran a local auto parts store. He was the last of the five men in the car, all killed in the drone attack. June 29, 2011: According to Living Under Drones Timeline QUOTE:222 Chief Counterterrorism adviser Brennan states, “nearly for the past year there hasn't been a single collateral death because of the exceptional proficiency, precision of the capabilities that we've been able to develop.” 223 Pakistani sources paint a different picture. Death Toll (Sept, ’10 – June, ’11) • Civilian deaths: 87-223+ • Child deaths: 8+ UNQUOTE July 2011, According to Townhall,224 in their Sep 2012 magazine:225 Chapter one of 74 page UAS Roadmap226 stated that in 2010 the FAA issued COAs to 95 users for 72 different aircraft types. The UAS fact sheet, updated by FAA in July 2011, says the FAA issued 146 COAs in 2009, and 298 in 2010. Townhall assumes both sources are up-to-date and accurate, then concludes that the 95 organizations issued COAs in 2010, for 298 aircraft, means that some of them were authorized to fly multiple drones, but it is not obvious which ones. 2011 Aug+ (3 Mar 14) # ! Aug 11, 2011: According to Living Under Drones Timeline QUOTE:227 Brennan adjusts statement for NYT: “Fortunately, for more than a year, due to our discretion and precision, the U.S. government has not found credible evidence 222 http://livingunderdrones.org/timeline/ INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012) 223 http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/29/news/la-pn-al-qaeda-strategy-20110629 224 http://townhall.com/ Townhall is a US conservative magazine. http://magazine.townhall.com/featured https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townhall.com 225 Also see in my Drone Terms directory: COA; FAA; UAS. 226 On my list of official documents I would like to get my hands on. 227 http://livingunderdrones.org/timeline/ INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012) 38 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 39 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM of collateral deaths resulting from U.S. counterterrorism operations outside of Afghanistan or Iraq, and we will continue to do our best to keep it that way.” 228 Unnamed U.S. officials claim 50 noncombatant deaths since 2001 (vs. 2000 militants). Pakistani sources cite: Death Toll (Sept, ’10 – July, ’11) • Civilian deaths: 92-233+ • Child deaths: 8+ UNQUOTE Oct 31, 2011: The US claims everyone in a car, targeted by a drone strike, were “militants”, but news media who had interviewed “soccer fans”, before they were killed in this strike, were incredulous.229 Judging from the UK Hillsborough Report,230 and US police assaulting entertainers and the entertained,231 it is commonplace for officialdom to portray sports fans as militants. Thanks to American Security Project (ASP)232 we see the following reference: P. Alston, “The CIA and Targeted Killings Beyond Borders,” New York University School of Law Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper Series, no. Working Paper No. 11-64, September 2011.233 Philip Alston, the former Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions for the UN, examines the accountability of the CIA under applicable international legal frameworks in relation to its covert targeted killings. Alston argues that despite US officials’ arguments to the contrary, effective control and acco untability mechanisms have not been established to govern these programs, giving the CIA a “free pass” in these operations. The result is a dangerous international legal precedent that could turn on the US if other nations adopt implement practices. ASP Assessment: This paper is expansive at 118 pages, but provides an excellent exp loration of the CIA’s programs and more so, the nuances of applicable international legal frameworks. The paper advances a very clear argument that the US must provide justification and be 228 229 https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/12/world/asia/12drones.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/nov/07/cia-unaccountable-dronewar?INTCMP=ILCNETTXT3487 I doubt the USA realized these people were sports fans, they just looked like the right age and rowdiness to be labeled as militants. 230 Hillsborough was the largest mass casualty event of British sports history. A 2012 investigation, 20 years after the event, found that it was entirely due to police misconduct, none of the fans were to blame, and that there had been a mass cover-up to conceal this, until investigators gained access to the original documents, such as over 100 witness statements, which had been falsified by the police. 231 Details buried in my Child Abuse notes: a Hawaiian Dance Troup was featured at a Football game. Police pepper sprayed them, and family groups watching, because the police did not understand the cultural significance of what was going on. 232 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 233 The same guy authored two reports with almost identical names, this one, and an earlier edition thru the UN, which I downloaded and called “UN Drone Legalities 2010 May.” 39 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 40 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM transparent regarding its targeted killing programs out of concern for potential recursiveness of these practices. While the factual material is excellent, the interpretation – particularly of legal statutes – should be understood to have a bias. Another link, thanks to American Security Project (ASP):234 S. Ackerman. (2011, October 20) Libya: The Real U.S. Drone War. Danger Room Blog, Wired. [Online]. Available: http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/10/predator-libya/ Ackerman provides a detailed look at how drones have been used in the NATO combat theater in Libya. The use of drones in support of NATO’s war again Muammar Qaddafi is the most intensive to date, with 145 strikes being executed between April 21, 2011 and October 20, 2011. This report also highlights the fact that there is no known date for such equipment to exit Libya. ASP Assessment: Ackerman’s report provides insight into one of the publicly disclosed drone programs operated by the US and is useful from this standpoint. It also details an increasing reliance on drones to carry out military operations in combat zones. Facts are presented as such, with little interpretation or bias. October 27, 2011: Khan Mohammad, Deputy of Taliban commander Maulvi Nazir 2011 Nov: Iran brought down an almost totally intact stealth RQ-170 Sentinel, allegedly by hacking the GPS to tell it that its home airbase (in Afghanistan) was this airbase in Iran, then telling it to return to base. After many denials, some of US story converged with Iran, but never agreed totally.235 2011 12 Dec+ (2 Aug 23) # ! Other nations have been imitating US tactics with similar results. According to the TURKO*FILE, June 28, 2012:236 QUOTE The Turkish military in December 2011 killed 34 Kurdish villagers who were mistakenly thought to be PKK militants. The deadly attack on the 34, part of a convoy of alleged smugglers heading towards the Turkish border from Iraq, came as a result of intelligence provided by an American drone on loan to Turkey which first noticed the convoy. UNQUOTE Thanks to American Security Project (ASP)237 we see: 234 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 235 For more info, see Drone Iran. 236 http://www.eurasianet.org/node/65614 Also see: http://www.e-ir.info/2012/06/27/flying-blind-why-armed-drones-may-detract-from-turkish-security/ 237 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 40 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 41 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM S. Wilson. (2011, December 3) In Gaza, lives shaped by drones. The Washington Post, with Foreign Policy. [Online]. Available: http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/in-gaza-lives-shaped-bydrones/2011/11/30/gIQAjaP6OO story.html This article examines the development and effects of drones in Gaza, where Israel has employed drones in surveillance and targeted killings for over three decades. A pioneer in drone technology and its use in counterterrorism strategy, Israel’s practices are considered a template for current US drone pro-grams. This article explores the impact drones have had in Gaza with implications for areas currently targeted by the US. ASP Assessment: A very informative piece for historical and comparative purposes. Is one of few empirical examinations of effects of drone strikes and targeted killing programs, making it an important reference point for considering potential effects of US drone strikes. Thanks to American Security Project (ASP)238 we see: D. A. Jaeger and Z. Siddique, “Are Drone Strikes Effective in Afghanistan and Pakistan? On the Dynamics of Violence between the United States and the Taliban,” Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), IZA Discussion Papers 6262, Dec. 2011. [Online]. Available: http://ideas.repec.org/p/iza/izadps/dp6262.html Jaeger and Siddique’s paper looks at drone strikes in relation to the Taliban and Al -Qaeda in Afghanistan and Pakistan from January 2007 to December 2010. The authors note that strikes did not appear to impact terrorist violence in Afghanistan but are effective in Pakistan. Unsuccessful drone strikes are noted to have deleterious impacts in Pakistan. ASP Assessment: An essential document for examining the differences in impact had by drones depending on the location of the strike. Also provides strong data and a means of evaluating impact. Multiple news stories say that the FAA had issued fewer than 300 drone permits by the end of 2011.239 I do not believe these stories, because of what EFF later found out via FOIA.240 2011 Bottom Line Aggregate (3 Feb 24) Several organizations maintain statistics on what they found for particular calendar years. 238 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 239 FAA authorized less than 300 drone permits by end of 2011, is a claim. It was not until EFF FOIA cmae thru that there was a confirmed number. http://midwestdemocracy.com/articles/false-reports-of-epa-drones-over-midwest-farms-alarm-public/ http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hIaExjZo_SJvCNR9gpYff3pSasDA?docId=b224ea 8719ce4bbc9abec616653cad90 240 See section listing drones in US National Air Space (NAS). 41 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 42 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM 3D printing can now make a drone which really can fly. 241 Between Dec 2011 and early 2013, two MQ-9 Reapers, operated by the USA, have crashed at the Seychelles International Airport on the island of Mahé, east of Africa, north of Madagascar.242 2011 Drone Crashes per DW UK (3 Feb 18) According to Drone Wars UK, in the year 2011:243 there were 25 military drone crashes:  1 China  1 Israel  1 Pakistani Navy  1 Turkey  18 US  3 unidentified 2011- Drone policy per Lawfare (3 Feb 08) Robert Chesney of Lawfare244 summarized Daniel Klaidman245 info. QUOTE December 2009 – Spring 2011: After Abdulmutallab’s failed attempt on an airliner, DOD requested authority to use signature-strike model in Yemen. Brennan and Obama said no. Spring 2011: Following Abbottobad raid, DOD again proposes signature strikes for Yemen, arguing time was ripe to knock out AQAP. Rebuffed again by Brennan and Obama; Obama underscores that our use of force in Yemen is about protecting against threats to the homeland, ”not to get involved in a civil war.” Late 2011: Brennan moves some DOD decision making to the White House. Status quo stays in place for CIA in Pakistan. UNQUOTE 2011 US vs. Pakistan per NAF (3 Feb 04) # According to New America Foundation, for 2011:246 Drone strikes: 73 Average time between strikes: 5 days Strikes with civilian/unknown casualties: 11 241 242 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRDg4UB9Ajg https://publicintelligence.net/us-drones-in-africa/ 243 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/drone-crash-database/ 244 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/02/klaidmans-chronology-of-changes-to-drone-strike-procedures/ 245 http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2013/02/04/john-brennan-obama-s-cia-chief-nominee-couldrestrain-the-agency.html 246 http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones/2011 42 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 43 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Percentage of strikes with civilian/unknown casualties: 15% Total killed: 367-600 Militants killed: 304-488 Civilians killed: 56-64 Unknown: 31-36 % Militant deaths: 80% % Civilian deaths: 13% % Unknown deaths: 7% Average number of people killed per strike: 6.7 2011- US vs. Yemen per BIJ (3 Feb 04) # Here is data on US attacks in Yemen 2001 thru 2011, according to the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, in London UK:247 2012+ (2 Dec 28) # ! Thanks to American Security Project (ASP)248 we see a document which authorizes FY2012 defense expenditures, which includes increased funding for US drone program expansion. The budget for any covert program is classified and therefore not included. ASP Assessment: Provides supporting evidence of the US’ increasing use of drones, but lacks details that would likely be significant to most research on drone use overseas. 112th Congress. (2012, January 5) “H.R. 1540: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012.” United States Congress. [Online]. Available: http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c112:H.R.%201540 American Security Project (ASP)249 also links us to a report on the military’s growing arsenal of unmanned aerial vehicles indicating that approximately 31% of all US military aircraft are now drones. ASP Assessment: Coming from the reliable, credible Danger Room blog, this piece is narrow in scope and brief in detail, but corroborates other arguments that the US’ use of drones in military operations is expanding at an unprecedented rate. S. Ackerman and N. Shachtman. (2012, January 9) “Almost 1 in 3 U.S. Warplanes Is a Robot.” Danger Room Blog, Wired. [Online]. Available: http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/01/drone-report/ 247 http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2012/03/29/yemen-reported-us-covert-actions-since-2001/ http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2012/05/08/yemen-reported-us-covert-action-2012/ 248 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 249 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 43 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 44 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Jan 30, 2012: According to Living Under Drones Timeline QUOTE:250 President Obama explicitly acknowledges drone program: “kept on a very tight leash,” it enables “pinpoint” targeting, and does not inflict huge civilian casualties.251 Pakistani Sources say: Death Toll (Jan, ’09 – Dec, ’11) • Number of strikes: 259 • Number of civilian deaths: 297-569+ * Number of infant deaths: 64+ UNQUOTE 2012 02 Feb+ (3 Mar 09) ! February 2012: IRAC (International Committee for Robot Arms Control) says: 252 QUOTE The Associated Press reports253 that an “on-the-ground investigation” it conducted in North Waziristan of “10 of the deadliest [drone] attacks in the past 18 months” found that “of at least 194 people killed in the attacks, abo ut 70 percent – at least 138 – were militants. The remaining 56 were either civilians or tribal police,” based on interviews with local villagers, of whom “Many knew the dead civilians personally.” The AP’s findings are fully consistent with reporting by the respected Bureau of Investigative Journalism254 which has found that the drone war in Pakistan has killed 464-818 civilians (including 175 children) out of 2,413-3,058 total deaths, a 15%-34% civilian fraction of the dead. Note that the injured, maimed, widowed and orphaned are not counted among these victims. UNQUOTE See in my Drone Reports, lists of more recent investigations, which are more thorough, in looking into this topic. 250 http://livingunderdrones.org/timeline/ INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012) 251 New York Times link from Living with Drones is no longer valid. I agree with President Obama, that drones do not inflict huge civilian casualties, but only if we compare the USA with Syria. Syria is using drones as part of a mass purge of civilian populations in cities protesting the government. The US is allegedly using drones to kill identified enemies, and just has an inept system for doing the identification. 252 http://icrac.net/2012/02/ap-report-30-of-pakistan-drone-strike-dead-not-militants/ 253 Source link story gone, by the time I found the IRAC posting. 254 http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drones/ 44 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 45 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM 70% militants, and 30% civilians, if true, is a heck of a lot better than boots on the ground military operations, which put the figures at about 15 civilians killed for every 1 identifiable enemy, which I shared in Drone Issues, chapter on Military Debate. The 15-1 ratio was supposedly the reality from at least the war in Vietnam thru present day. February 2012: the University of Texas Radio Navigation Laboratory asked DHS: “Does the dependence of UAVs on civil GPS make them susceptible to hijacking via GPS spoofing?” Professor Todd E. Humphreys, and his students, proposed an experiment whereby they would attempt to commandeer a civilian UAV by GPS spoofing. DHS agreed to the test on the condition that the University of Texas furnish all the necessary manpower and equipment—including the target UAV. The equipment selected, was described by the Professor in July 2012 testimony to Congress. 255 After a dry run on the University of Texas campus, the research group traveled to White Sands for the test of record. The test was conducted as follows: A sophisticated civil GPS spoofer developed in their laboratory was placed on a hilltop about a half mile from the designated test site where the UAV would be flying. The UAV was commanded by its ground control operator to hover 50 feet above the ground at the test site. On command, their spoofer began transmitting weak counterfeit GPS signals toward the hovering UAV, achieving meter-level alignment with the counterpart authentic signals at the location of the UAV’s GPS antenna. The spoofer then rapidly increased its counterfeit signal power, bringing the UAV under its control. By inducing a false upward drift in the UAV’s perceived location, the spoofer fooled the UAV’s flight controller into commanding a dive. At about 10 feet above ground level a human safety pilot assumed manual control of the UAV to prevent it from crashing. Feb 14, 2012: Congress passed the FAA act, regarding Drones in the USA, and the President signed it into law.256 Here is what the relevant FAA regulations were like before this change in rule making.257 Feb 24, 2012: The FAA got a petition from 32 organizations, joined by many individual signatures, calling for drone rule making to consider: privacy; civil liberties; and what happens with the collected data. 258 I downloaded this petition, calling my copy: 255 Congress House Transcript Drones in USA Skies 2012 July … the professor was on Panel I. Abstract Summary = http://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=719102 Full 865k Transcript = https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=719102 256 http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2012/12/14-drones-bennett 257 http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-07-07/pdf/2011-15494.pdf#page=16 258 http://www.constitutionproject.org/documents/?tcp_search=drone&tcp_datestart=&tcp_dateend=&sortbutt on=Search+Library#tcplib 45 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 46  Drone Dates Calendar Activist Petition Drones USA 2012 Feb259 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM The 32 organizations were:  American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)  American Library Association260 (ALA)  Bill of Rights Defense Committee261 (BORDC)  Center for Democracy and Technology262 (CDT)  Center for Digital Democracy  Center for Financial Privacy and Human Rights  Center for National Security Studies  Center for the Study of Responsive Law  The Constitution Project  Consumer Watchdog  Council of American-Islamic Relations  Cyber Privacy Project  Defending Dissent Foundation  Demand Progress  Electronic Frontier Foundation  Electronic Privacy Information Center  Essential Information  Global Justice Clinic (New York University School of Law)  Government Accountability Project  Liberty Coalition  Muslim Public Affairs Council  National Immigration Project at the National Lawyers Guild  OneAmerica  Patient Privacy Rights  Principled Action in Government  Privacy Activism  Privacy Camp  Privacy Rights Clearinghouse  Rights Working Group  TakeBackWashington.org  U.S. Bill of Rights Foundation  World Privacy Forum The petition spells out, in detail:  How drones are already being used by police depts, and border patrol.  How drones pose substantial threats to privacy. 259 260 http://www.documento.com/doc/129406133/Drone-privacy-and-civil-liberties-Petition-2012-Feb http://www.ala.org/ 261 http://www.bordc.org/ 262 https://www.cdt.org/ 46 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 47 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Then it petitions the FAA to conduct notice and comment rulemaking on drones impact on privacy and civil liberties, the use and retention of data by drone operators; the relationship between drone operations and property rights; the ability of an individual to get a restraining order against a drone operator; and other topics. See the petition for full details. Feb 27, 2012: Associated Press published an investigation of 10 of the deadliest drone attacks of last 18 months in Pakistan.263 According to surviving villager witnesses: 70% of killed were militants; 30% were civilians, tribal police, and most of them were killed in the March 17, 2011 drone strike at the meeting to discuss the chromite mines. Excluding that strike, 90% killed by drones were militants. Witnesses say that:  Funerals for militants are secret.  Funerals for civilians are public. This increases support for the notion that it is a war crime to make drone attacks on public funerals. CNN lists Taliban leaders who have been killed in the CIA drone campaign, according to data compiled by the New America Foundation from reliable news reports :264 March 13, 2012: Shamsullah and Amir Hamza Toji Khel, two of Maulvi Nazir's senior commanders. March 29, 2012: FAA changed COA (Certificate of Authorization) periods from 1 to 2 years. 2012 04 Apr+ (3 Feb 20) # ! Some time in April 2012, China planned a drone strike in Myanmar against a drug lord responsible for the death of 13 Chinese sailors. Before implementation, the target got arrested, and now is in China appealing a death sentence. News media stories Feb 2013 speculate that China had no intention of informing Myanmar of this operation. 265 This parallels:  USA and NATO allies drone strikes in Pakistan and other nations, ignoring their sovereignty;  Israel uses drones in its war with various enemies in the occupied territories;266  Mexico army drones against drug cartels just inside USA territory;267 263 264 http://www.chron.com/news/article/AP-IMPACT-New-light-on-drone-war-s-death-toll-3360725.php http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/03/opinion/bergen-drones-taliban-pakistan/index.html 265 http://worlddefenseandpolitics.blogspot.com/2013/02/china-planned-to-use-drone-to-bomb-drug.html http://blog.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/02/19/china_now_considering_drone_strikes_in_its_drug_war 266 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/10/todays-headlines-and-commentary-285/ And https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/08/world/middleeast/lebanon-says-israeli-planescircled-its-airspace-for-an-hour.html?ref=world Also http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/02/12/israel-gaza-airstrikes-violated-laws-war and https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2013/02/13/hrw-israeli-drone-strikes-kill-palestiniancivilians-and-violate-laws-of-war/ 47 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 48  Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Turkey drone killed 34 innocent Kurdish villagers, just inside Iraq, mistaking them for drug smugglers.268 There are probably more such cross-border drone attacks, whose details I do not have handy. Another link, thanks to American Security Project (ASP):269 D. Rohde. (2012, April 1) “The Obama Doctrine.” Foreign Policy. [Online]. Available: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/27/the_obama_doctrine When President Obama assumed office in 2009, he advocated a transparent, multilateral approach toward US counterterrorism strategy. Noted correspondent David Rohde examines how, a few years later, the Obama Administration has expanded US covert drone programs on an unprecedented scale. Rohde examines the Administration’s intent to distinguish its war on terror from that of former President Bush, the policy and methods behind targeted killings, and explores the growing backlash in target populations. ASP Assessment: Article is useful in framing the development of US drone programs under the Obama Administration as well as the emerging dialogue about their utility. Provides a broad survey of several important aspects of the use of targeted killings, including insight into the methodology of determining and executing strikes. April 29, 2012: According to Living Under Drones Timeline QUOTE:270 Chief Counterterrorism advisor Brennan states:271 for a period of time, U.S. “had no information about a single civilian being killed...." He adds, “[w]e do not use force whenever we want, wherever we want. International legal principles, including respect for a state's sovereignty and the laws of war, impose constraints.”272 Death Toll (Aug, ’10 – Apr, ’12) • Number of civilian deaths: 117-284+ • Number of infant deaths: 17+ 267 268 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-12024766 http://www.eurasianet.org/node/65614 and http://www.e-ir.info/2012/06/27/flying-blind-whyarmed-drones-may-detract-from-turkish-security/ 269 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 270 http://livingunderdrones.org/timeline/ INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012) 271 http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/04/brennan-drone-attacks.html 272 https://www.npr.org/2012/05/01/151778804/john-brennan-delivers-speech-on-drone-ethics 48 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 49 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM • Pakistan's Foreign Ministry: “The government of Pakistan has consistently maintained that drone attacks are violative of its territorial integrity and sovereignty.”273 • U.S. Secretary of Defense Panetta: “… we are going to do everything we can, use whatever operations we have to, in order to make sure that we protect this country.274 UNQUOTE Thanks to American Security Project (ASP)275 we see: J. Masters. (2012, April 30) Targeted Killings. Council on Foreign Relations. [Online]. Available: http://www.cfr.org/counterterrorism/targeted-killings/p9627 Designed as a backgrounder on the issue of targeted killings, Masters’ study on targeted killings examines the politics, means, methods, and legality behind the practice. The piece also raises pertinent questions about the future of targeted killings as a part of US doctrine. ASP Assessment: An essential document for understanding current US targeted killing policies and practices. Provides relevant facts and is even-handed in treatment of materials. May 14, 2012: Expedite the licensure of US government drones276 The Secretary of Transportation (the Secretary) must enter into agreements with government agencies to simplify and expedite the licensure of government-owned drones. Sec. 344(c). The agreements must allow law enforcement and other public safety agencies to operate drones under certain restrictions (i.e., within the line of sight of the operator, under 400ft., during daylight conditions). Sec. 334(c)(2)(C). May 15, 2012: a drone attack in Jaar, Yemen had the usual large discrepancies in alleged number of who got killed. I did not see estimates of how many children were injured. According to National Public Radio, June 6, 2012,277 QUOTE In the mid-May strike in Jaar, Yemeni officials said two militants and eight civilians were killed. According to residents we spoke with, no militants were killed, but there were 17 to 26 civilian deaths. That was just one of more than 40 documented strikes this year alone. 273 http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/04/30/pakistan-sends-mixed-signals-on-us-drone-attack-amiddiplomatic-tensions/ 274 http://dawn.com/2012/05/07/drone-strikes-will-continue-panetta/ 275 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 276 https://www.cdt.org/blogs/harley-geiger/2703drone-countdown 277 https://www.npr.org/2012/07/06/156367047/yemen-airstrikes-punish-militants-andcivilians?sc=17&f=1001 49 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 50 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM At a hospital where some victims are treated, entry to the facility is highly restricted. We sit and wait for a boy named Abdullah. He survived the second strike on May 15.278 A tall, thin, ghost of a boy limps into the room. Huge pink blotches cover Abdullah's legs, arms, face and head. He's been badly burned and is now undergoing painful skin grafts. We tell him Yemeni officials said the first house that was hit that day was a haven for militants. He says the man in the house was just an ordinary citizen. We ask if the government distributed fliers warning people to stay away from places known to house militants — as Yemeni officials claimed to have done a few days before the strike. Abdullah says he saw no such thing. UNQUOTE May 2012, The Office of Inspector General (OIG) of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) came out with a report on how US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) had been using drones, since fiscal year 2004. See chapter in US government reference section, of Drone Notes for particulars on the many problems found.279 May 2012, the US may alter the secrecy rules on drone strike targeting. 280 2012 06 Jun+ (3 Jan 26) # ! According to Drone Wars UK, June 2012, QUOTE281 This week the USAF released an accident investigation report into the crash of a US Predator drone in Afghanistan in April 2012. This crash brings the number of drone crashes in our updated database to 100 (see full database here) and so we thought it a good time to do some data crunching. UNQUOTE Another link, thanks to American Security Project (ASP)282 J. Rowland and P. Bergen. (2012, June 1) “Obama’s Covert War in Yemen.” New America Foundation. [Online]. Available: http://yemendrones.newamerica.net/ Rowland and Bergen of New America Foundation’s National Security Studies Program have compiled one of the most comprehensive datasets on drone strikes in Yemen available. Data on strike dates, targets, low-to-high death estimates, known deaths of militant leaders, as well as the nation responsible for the strike. The link provides an 278 The first drone strike demolished the house. Dozens of people ran to try to help the wounded survivors, then the drone came back to attack the rescue workers. 279 http://www.oig.dhs.gov/assets/Mgmt/2012/OIG_12-85_May12.pdf 280 http://www.indianexpress.com/news/us-considering-lifting-secrecy-on-drone-strikes/951040/ 281 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/06/a-century-of-drone-crashes/ 282 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 50 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 51 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM interactive map with full data on each strike and links to primary sources of information. ASP Assessment: Rowland and Berge have compiles one of the most complete datasets on drone strikes in Yemen avail-ble, making it an essential source. Data is presented factually without interpretation and is built on reputable and credible primary sources. Thanks to American Security Project (ASP)283 we see: L. Hudson, C. Owens, M. Flannes. (2012, June 1) “Drone Warfare: Blowback from the New American Way of War.” Middle East Policy Council. [Online]. Available: http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/drone-warfare-blowbacknew-american-way-war Hudson et al. argue that expanding counterterrorism efforts has increased violence and instability in targeted areas. The paper provides background on US drone strikes, estimates of a High Value Target-to-Total Deaths ratio, and acts of terrorism that may be retaliatory for drone strikes in Pakistan. ASP Assessment: While acknowledging that direct causality between drone strikes and recent terrorist acts is difficult to establish irrefutably, Hudson et al. seek to establish a body of knowledge on the effects of drone strikes. This source is valuable in that it attempts to devise a means of evaluating the cost/benefit tradeoff of the US continuing its drone strikes in Pakistan. American Security Project (ASP)284 also provides this link: Counterterrorism Strategy Initiative. (2012, June 1) “The Year of the Drone.” New America Foundation. [Online]. Available: http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones Link provides access to an extensive dataset on drone strikes in Pakistan from 2004 to date. Data includes low-to-high death estimates, militant/militant leader deaths, strikes by target, and links to primary sources. The highlight of this dataset is the interactive Google map on which all known strikes are pinned with relevant data provided for each point. ASP Assessment: A very useful and thorough dataset on Pakistan drone strikes. Data is presented in an unbiased manner, reflected in the range of estimates provided, and is built on reputable and credible primary sources. See also: The Bureau of Investigative Journalism, “Covert War on Terror.” June 11, a large Navy drone crashed in Maryland. It was a Broad Area Maritime Surveillance-Demonstrator, or BAMS-D, which is a maritime equivalent of the Air Force’s RQ-4A Global Hawk. The news media, at the time, was not able to find out much information. But a Freedom of Information Request by C4ISR Journal got specifics 283 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 284 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 51 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 52 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM about the Navy investigation, and what they found has filtered into news stories early in 2013. The cause of the accident was found to be mechanical — a faulty actuator for the UAV’s ruddervator, a combination rudder and elevator, common in V -shaped tails. Although the drone was the property of the US Navy, it was being operated by civilian contractors working for Northrop Grumman, the UAV’s manufacturer. The pilot in command violated emergency procedures.285 American Security Project (ASP)286 also provides this link: K. Dozier. (2012, June 13) “Survey: U.S. drone programs unpopular overseas.” Associated Press in The Washington Times. [Online]. Available: http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/jun/13/survey-us-drone-programunpopular-overseas/ Kimberly Dozier, an intelligence correspondent for the Associated Press, reports on a recent Pew Research report that indicates a significant majority overseas disapprove of US drone programs. Over half of the population samples in 17 of 21 countries disapproved of the programs; the US proves an exception with approximately 62% of the population approving of the use of drones. ASP Assessment: Primarily an announcement of Pew Research’s survey results, this piece provides little interpretation of the results. Includes a modicum of background on drone strikes, including recent remarks by President Obama. For best data, consulting the Pew Research survey directly is advisable. See also: Pew Research, “Global Opinion of Obama Slips.” Thanks to American Security Project (ASP)287 we also see the following reference: M. Arria. (2012, June 6) “How the West Was Droned: The Curious Rise of General Atomics.” Motherboard Blog, Vice. [Online]. Available: http://motherboard.vice.com/2012/5/31/how-the-west-was-droned-the-curious-riseof-general-atomics-part-i Michael Arria, a blogger for Vice’s tech- and culture-oriented Motherboard blog, traces the origins of General Atomics Aeronautics Systems (GAAS). GAAS is among the leading manufacturers of drones, specifically producing the MQ-1 Predator drone in widespread use throughout Pakistan, Yemen, and Somalia. Arria examines the growth of GAAS in the larger context of the US drone industry and discusses the political mechanisms driving drone manufacturing and pro-grams. ASP Assessment: Informative 285 http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130107/C4ISR02/301070006/How-Large-U-S-Navy-UAVCrashed-Maryland-From-18-000-Feet?odyssey=tab|topnews|text|FRONTPAGE 286 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 287 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 52 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 53 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM background piece on the development of drone technology, producers, and a US-based drones industry. Well-sourced and fairly even-handed in its treatment of factual material. June 22, 2013: The UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, issues a statement about the need for international action for victims’ rights. 288 2012 07 Jul+ (3 Feb 07) # ! A man who had plotted to use model aircraft, packed with explosives, to fly into the US Capitol and the Pentagon, pleaded guilty, July 2012, and was sentenced to 17 years.289 According to a statement by Michael McCaul at the start of July 19, 2012 hearing290 by US HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY, SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT, INVESTIGATIONS, AND MANAGEMENT, as of that moment in time, the FAA has issued approx 200 COAs to approx 100 different entities in the USA. His remarks include other stuff, which I had previously written about in: Drone Notes under US Gov / GAO finds barriers for droning; and Drone Issues under US Gov can of worms. According to 2012 July GAO 12-889T Domestic Testimony on DHS role,291 between January 1, 2012 and July 17, 2012, FAA had issued 201 COAs to 106 federal, state, and local government entities across the US, including law enforcement entities as well as academic institutions. Additionally, FAA had issued 8 special airworthiness certifications (SAC) for experimental use to four UAS manufacturers. July 2012, General Atomics plans to make money exporting drones to other nations, after having sold about 500 to the US government.292 For more info on General Attomics, thanks to American Security Project (ASP)293 see link access to information on all GAAS vehicles: General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc. (2012) “Aircraft Platforms.” General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc. [Online]. Available: http://www.ga-asi.com/products/aircraft/index.php 288 http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=12273&LangID=E http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/NewsSearch.aspx?NTID=PRS&MID=SR_HR_Terrorism 289 http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/world/man-sentenced-to-17-years-in-terror-plot/story-e6frfkui1226508792561 290 Congress House Transcript Drones in USA Skies 2012 July Abstract Summary = http://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=719102 Full 865k Transcript = https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=719102 291 http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-889T 292 http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/07/11/us-airshow-drones-predator-idINBRE86A10U20120711 293 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 53 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 54 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Thanks to American Security Project (ASP)294 see link access to information on all Northrup Grumman vehicles: N. Grumman. (2012) “Unmanned Systems.” Northrup Grumman. [On-line]. Available: http://www.as.northropgrumman.com/by capability/ unmannedsystems/index.html July 2012, Raytheon mini-missile is about ready for drone duty.295 American Security Project (ASP)296 also provides this link to information on Raytheon air and radar capabilities: Raytheon. (2012) Radar Capabilities – Air. Raytheon. [Online]. Available: http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/radar/air/index.html July 24 2012: IRAC (International Committee for Robot Arms Control) reports:297 QUOTE The chair of the Diplomatic Conference on the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT)298 released his long-awaited draft299 of an international instrument to regulate the trade in conventional weapons. Unfortunately, as I explain in my commentary piece for Global Policy today,300 the draft treaty is…well…drafty. There are several major holes in the text that give states considerable room for maneuver at the expense of efforts to reduce human suffering in armed conflict. UPDATE 30 July 2012: On 26 July, the chair of the conference released an updated draft of the treaty text,301 but it also failed to include strong provisions for unmanned systems, particularly dual use ones like drones. The next day, the conference collapsed as the US, Russia, China and a few authoritarian states stalled the negotiations.302 UNQUOTE 294 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 295 http://aviationintel.com/2012/07/13/raytheons-mini-missile-almost-ready-for-prime-time-drone-action/ 296 http://americansecurityproject.org/issues/asymmetric-operations/the-strategic-effects-of-a-lethal-dronespolicy/drone-information-sources-annotated-bibliography/ 297 http://icrac.net/2012/07/draft-arms-trade-treaty-omits-explicit-reference-to-unmanned-weapons/ 298 http://www.controlarms.org/att 299 http://www.documento.com/doc/100936064/Draft-Text-24-July which I added to my Drone Info collection on Scribd. http://www.documento.com/my_document_collections/3807680 300 http://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/25/07/2012/drafty-treaty-holes-draft-arms-trade-treaty 301 http://politicalminefields.com/2012/07/26/new-draft-of-the-arms-trade-treaty/ 302 http://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/29/07/2012/finding-beauty-ugly-end-arms-trade-treatyconference-discursive-victory 54 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 55 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Aug 2012: US Navy is testing improved underwater drones.303 This technology presents challenges with energy source, refueling, communicating, and pleasure craft operators who scoop up the cool things they find. Aug. 12, 2012: Early integration of "safe" drones304 The Secretary of Transportation must determine if certain types of drones (government and non-government) can operate in US national airspace before completion of the comprehensive plan, rulemakings, or guidance required elsewhere in P.L.112-95. The Secretary must base this determination on whether the drone can perform without hazard to the public or national security. The Secretary must develop rules to integrate these drones into the national airspace, though P.L.112-95 gives no deadline for these rules. Sec. 333(a)-(b). Aug 12, 2012: FAA should have the 6 test sites setup, but missed the deadline.305 Aug 31, 2012: A drone strike, in Yemen, is said to have killed Khaled Batis, who is believed to have been the mastermind of a 2002 terrorist attack similar to the Cole incident, where a small boat, crammed with explosives, targeted the French-flagged Limburg, an oil tanker that was transporting crude to Malaysia. 306 Late in Aug 2012: A 40-year-old cleric named Salem Ahmed bin Ali Jaber stood up to deliver a speech denouncing Al Qaeda in a village mosque in far eastern Yemen. It was a brave gesture by a father of seven who commanded great respect in the community, and it did not go unnoticed. Two days later, three members of Al Qaeda came to the mosque in the tiny village of Khashamir after 9 p.m., saying they merely wanted to talk. Mr. Jaber agreed to meet them, bringing his cousin Waleed Abdullah, a police officer, for protection. As the five men stood arguing by a cluster of palm trees, a volley of remotely operated American missiles shot down from the night sky and incinerated them all, along with a camel that was tied up nearby.307 If we want to win the hearts and minds of the people of the nations where we are fighting our enemies, this action was precisely the wrong thing to do. To the common man, the perception is that the U.S. is colluding with the Yemeni government in a covert war against the Yemeni people. This same view is held in other nations where the US military has been using drones. 303 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/07/underwater-done-ocean-navynarragansett_n_1754026.html?utm_hp_ref=technology 304 https://www.cdt.org/blogs/harley-geiger/2703drone-countdown 305 http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/sep/25/drone-industry-antsy-about-fed-delays-test-sites/ 306 http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2012/09/us_drone_strike_kill_13.php 307 https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/06/world/middleeast/with-brennan-pick-a-light-on-drone-strikeshazards.html?hp 55 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 56 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM 2012 09 Sep+ (3 Jan 12) # ! Sep 23, 2012: Lawfare will hold a Drone Smackdown Dogfight Tournament.308 Sep 25, 2012: Living Under Drones (in Pakistan) report comes out.309 QUOTE: In the United States, the dominant narrative about the use of drones in Pakistan is of a surgically precise and effective tool that makes the US safer by enabling “targeted killing” of terrorists, with minimal downsides or collateral impacts. [1] This narrative is false. UNQUOTE The report cites chapter and verse how come that narrative is false, including:  Disaster strikes, and people rush in to aid the injured. No more in Pakistan, because of Drones attacking rescuers. Now, people wait ½ hour or more, before trying to do rescue from a disaster, in case drone returns to attack police, paramedics, and fire fighters, as has been US policy in the past. Funerals of Civilians are public. Funerals of Militants are secret. Guess What? US Drones attack public funerals, then US officials claim they only target and kill militants. Pakistan government officials information, with statistics on large numbers of totally innocent people killed and injured by US drones; Tribal elders representing fifty communities, met to discuss chromite mines. Meeting security was provided by Tribal Police. US drone attacked the meeting, claimed everyone there was a militant. Pakistan and Witnesses dispute this claim.310 US government statements which are easily disproven; Witness statements about how attacks on innocents have dramatically changed communities, causing psychological trauma to a vast population.      According to RT,311 the AP312 conducted a poll which found that 1/3 of Americans fear drones.313 The results came out the end of Sept 2012. 308 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/09/test/ 309 http://livingunderdrones.org/press-release/ INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012) 310 See more details in Drone Terms, under Datta Khel Nomada Bus Station. 311 RT = News in English, published in Russia. 312 AP = Associated Press 313 https://rt.com/usa/news/one-third-fear-drone-surveillance-258/ 56 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 57 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM 2012 10 Oct+ (3 Mar 14) # ! Oct 2012, the USAF started sharing monthly statistics on drone strikes, then reversed that policy Mar 2013.314 The reversal is believed to be due to controversies surrounding nomination of Brennan to head CIA, leakage of drone legal white paper, Sen Rand filibuster, and related Washington DC politics. Oct 3 2012: A petition opposing drone strikes in Pakistan, with over 3,000 signatures is delivered to the US ambassador in Pakistan.315 In response to various charges about US drone practices, ambassador Hoagland declared:    There are never any deliberate strikes against civilian rescuers, after a drone strike.316 The US government has a count of civilian casualties from drone strikes in Pakistan since July 2008, which is in the two figures,317 and that number is classified. The USA will not do any drone strikes in the immediate vicinity of the drone peace march, so it will be safe for people to participate in it, as far as US action is concerned. Oct 6 2012: A Hezbollah Drone, assembled in Lebanon from an Iranian kit, flew over Israel.318 Oct 7 2012: An Israeli drone fires a missile at a motorcyclist in Gaza, wounding two young men riding it as well as eight passers-by, according to witnesses and health officials.319 Oct 20 2012: According to British news media The Mail On-Line, court cases in Pakistan seek to hold CIA personnel accountable for the deaths and injuries of many innocent children, women, and men, at the hands of drones they controlled. 320 If the families win in the courts, arrest warrants will be issued through Interpol. One of the court cases demands the Pakistani Military to shoot down US drones which are allegedly attacking Pakistan in violation of international law. 314 315 http://www.airforcetimes.com/news/2013/03/air-force-drone-airstrike-summary-030813/ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-naiman/americans-press-us-ambass_b_1941919.html 316 See “Double Tap” in Drone Terms. 317 Between 10 and 99 inclusive. 318 See details in Drone Nations. 319 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/10/todays-headlines-and-commentary-285/ https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/08/world/middleeast/lebanon-says-israeli-planes-circled-its-airspacefor-an-hour.html?ref=world 320 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2220828/US-drone-attacks-CIA-chiefs-face-arrest-horrificevidence-bloody-video-game-sorties.html 57 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 58 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Oct 22 2012 (week beginning): US drone spy reported Iran moving fuel rods from Bushehr reactor to a cooling pond, Iran info the IAEA confirmed Nov-7 2012, although maybe not how the US found out.321 Oct 23 2012: According to Pakistani news media The News, a Pakistani has initiated a court case demanding the British Foreign Secretary clarify Britain’s role in the deaths of thousands of allegedly innocent Pakistanis thanks to drones controlled by Britain, or CIA using targeting information supplied by Britain.322 Oct 24 2012: According to Pakistan Today, The Peshawar High Court (PHC) issued a notice to former President General Pervez Musharraf for allegedly allowing drone strikes in Pakistan.323 Pakistan’s Supreme Court (SC) upheld the Lahore High Court (LHC)'s decision. I have not been following these cases closely, will add to dates time line as I learn more details.324 Oct 24, 2012: A US drone strike reportedly killed three cows.325 Oct 31, 2012: The Constitution Project (TCP) submitted a statement to the Privacy and Civil Liberties Board (PCLOB).326 I downloaded a copy, calling mine:  TCP PCLOB Priorities 2012 Oct Quoting from that statement: TCP suggests that the PCLOB should begin by focusing on the following three priority areas where independent review and oversight are most urgently needed: (1) programs whose very existence is classified and remain largely if not entirely unknown to the public; (2) the targeted killing or drone program; and (3) programs which involve intelligence collection on, and government monitoring of, U.S. persons and their personal information. This final category is a broad one, ranging from surveillance conducted under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Amendments Act to data mining programs. 321 322 More info in Drone Iran. http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139125-Pakistani-takes-William-Hague-to-court-over-UKUS-drone-policy 323 http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2012/10/24/news/national/drone-attacks-case-phc-issues-notice-tomusharraf/ 324 http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2011/03/31/news/national/musharraf-attack-case-supreme-courtthrows-out-review-petition/ 325 http://tribune.com.pk/story/472742/us-drone-strike-kills-2-in-south-waziristan/ 326 http://www.constitutionproject.org/documents/?tcp_search=drone&tcp_datestart=&tcp_dateend=&sortbutt on=Search+Library#tcplib 58 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 59 UNQUOTE Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Oct 2012: Thousands participate in a peace march protesting US drones in Pakistan.327 One of the leaders, of the march, is a former Pakistan Cricket Star Imran Khan,328 who is now a candidate for President in Pakistan elections. This leadership may have caused him to be placed on a no-fly list.329 He has called for the Pakistan military to shoot down US drones, and he seeks a peace treaty with the Taliban. This has led his detractors to label him as being a Taliban. I guess that philosophy makes President Reagan a communist for seeking an end to the Cold War, and our WW II leaders Nazis for seeking an end to that conflict. Oct 2012: Libertarian US Presidential Candidate Gary Johnson comes out against US use of drones to kill little children.330 2012 11 Nov+ (3 Mar 14) # ! 2012 Nov, Iran allegedly captured a small, low-altitude Raven RQ-11 type drone, which is manufactured by AeroVironment, having also captured one Summer 2011. 331 Nov 1, 2012: A US predator drone was flying where the US said it was international airspace, Iran said it was Iran airspace, Iran tried to shoot it down, failed. 332 Nov 7, 2012: A US drone killed General Adnan Qadhi in Yemen, who had got embroiled in Yemen civil war, with allegiances shifting much like the culture of Afghanistan. The Los Angeles Times tried to analyze how come he was targeted.333 Nov 7, 2012: IAEA confirmed info about Iran nuclear activities, which the USA had found out Oct 22, 2012 thanks to a drone spy.334 Nov 8, 2012: Aviation groups asked the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to ignore the privacy implications of increased drone use in the United States, just focus on safety.335 Nov. 10, 2012: Guidance for government drones336 The Secretary of Transportation must issue guidance regarding the operation of 327 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/10/todays-headlines-and-commentary-286/ http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57527806/anti-drone-protesters-blocked-from-target-but-stillpush-message/ 328 http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2012/10/25/imran-khan-interview.html http://www.thefrontierpost.com/article/188813/ 329 http://tribune.com.pk/story/457501/struck-down-imran-khan-offloaded-from-us-bound-flight-in-canada/ 330 http://www.buzzfeed.com/rosiegray/gary-johnsons-first-television-ad-focuses-on-dron 331 See Drone Iran for more info. 332 See Drone Iran for more info. 333 http://articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/25/world/la-fg-yemen-drones-qaeda-20121225 334 See Drone Iran for more info. 335 https://epic.org/privacy/drones/ http://www.rotor.com/rotornews/Nov12/UASLetter.pdf 59 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 60 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM government drones. The guidance must include ways to expedite the issuance of FAA authorizations to use drones. Sec. 334(a). Nov 16, 2012: Congressman Dennis Kucinich (D-OH)337 hosts a Congressional briefing to examine the United States’ policy regarding the use of armed drones. U.S. drone strikes are estimated to have killed thousands of people. 338     In Pakistan have killed an estimated 3,378 people; in Yemen such strikes are estimated to have killed as many as 1,952 people. Drone strikes in Somalia have killed as many as 170 people. The first U.S. drone strike took place in 2002.339 Read Congressman Kucinich’s opening statement here.340 Experts included: Professor James Cavallaro: The founding director of Stanford Law School’s International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic. Bob Naiman: Policy Director of Just Foreign Policy and participant in recent delegation trip to Pakistan. Medea Benjamin: Cofounder of Global Exchange and Code Pink and participant in a recent delegation trip to Pakistan. Frank Jannuzi: Deputy Executive Director of Amnesty International USA. See the footnote links to get at video of the hearing. Nov 19, 2012: Iran complains to UN about intensity of US drones flying in Iran air space.341 Nov 26, 2012: Congressman Dennis Kucinich (D-OH)342 released a statement:343 QUOTE 336 337 https://www.cdt.org/blogs/harley-geiger/2703drone-countdown http://kucinich.house.gov/ 338 See Drone Nations for info about other nations where USA has allegedly been using drones. 339 See the time line which is the basis of this document, and Al Mac other research. The definition of drone is loose. We know there were drone strikes by other nations before 2002. We just do not know if the USA played any role in those strikes. Supposedly drones were used in the Gulf War no fly zones to shoot down Iraqi aircraft, in Bosnia and Vietnam, i.e. US wars prior to the War on Terrorism. 340 http://kucinich.house.gov/uploadedfiles/2012.11.14_dk_stmnt_drones_briefing.pdf 341 See Drone Iran for more info. 342 http://kucinich.house.gov/ 343 http://kucinich.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=312725 60 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 61 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM “The CIA and the military use drones to drop bombs on our suspected enemies and no one denies that innocent people have been killed in the process. The only debate is how many. “It is hard to know how many civilians have been killed, in part because we don’t always know who we are killing. The CIA conducts certain strikes called ‘signature strikes’ in which an individual is targeted based on ‘defining characteristics.’ Even more troubling, our government defines ‘any male of fighting age’ as a combatant in order to gain more latitude in whom it can target for such strikes. “The Bureau of Investigative Journalism estimates that the United States has killed as many as 1,105 innocent civilians in Pakistan, Yemen and Somalia alone. This includes as many as 213 children. According to The New York Times,344 the United Nations will establish a unit to investigate American drone strikes next year. “The current Administration’s response to questions about this program has been ‘trust us.’ The White House claims that the strikes are legal, but refuses to provide the memos which it uses as its legal framework. In addition to Congress’ responsibility to provide checks and balances, Congress has a responsibility to defend our national security. Many nations around the world are developing comparable drone technology and I think we would all agree that a foreign attack on American soil in which American civilians were killed would be an act of war. “A recent article in The New York Times revealed that there is no clear set of rules determining the use of targeted killings – the attacks are left to the judgment of the President and his advisors – and that this current Administration agrees that whether the attacks are appropriate is a matter of trust. “According to this article in the Times the Administration rushed to create a legal framework before the new year out of fear that a different administration might be in charge. The Times quotes one official explaining, ‘There was concern that the levers might no longer be in our hands.’ “The reality is that such rules already exist under the laws of war and international law. The United States conducts attacks in foreign countries that we are not at war with and in which innocent civilians are killed. We are creating a dangerous precedent for other nations, but the only established explanation is that this Administration only kills people when it is absolutely necessary. Yet even this Administration acknowledges it wouldn’t trust this system if this Administration wasn’t in control. https://dandelionsalad.wordpress.com/2012/11/27/drone-killings-the-obama-administration-says-trust-usby-dennis-kucinich/ 344 https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/25/world/white-house-presses-for-drone-rule-book.html?_r=0 61 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 62 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM “How long can a democracy last with a foreign policy based on assassination without oversight?” “Thus far, it’s been about ten years.” UNQUOTE Nov 28, 2012: Al Mac starts a Drone Robots document. Alister Wm. Macintyre has Drone research notes organized into several documents by major categories, such as:       this Dates time-line of what happened when, and when did we find out about it; major Issues we need to figure out and resolve; what Nations have drones (about ½ of them) and are doing what with them; where did Al find the Reports upon which this research is based; Mini-reviews of reports and issues raised in Scribd collection of drone reports; a directory of unique Terms associated with drone warfare, and other national defense and police alleged misconduct (over 1,000 and counting). There were a total of eight of them, but on Nov 28, Al moved to nine, with the addition of Drone Robots, to focus on what we know, and what the issues are, associated with autonomous and semi-autonomous killer robot drones, which operate without the benefit of a human in the loop. Nov 29, 2012: There are reports of what some are calling the first drone strike in Pakistan, after the US Presidential election. There are conflicting reports of what it accomplished, and the basis for attacking those guys. 345 Maybe there was more than one attack, at about the same time, in about the same area, and some reports are confused.          A vehicle was targeted, and it also was damaged in the attack. A house was the target. Two or three people walking across a cultivated field, and they were targeted. No one killed. One killed instantly, another died later from the wounds. At least three were killed, and four were injured. Four were killed, and three were injured. Four were killed, and four were injured. The only point on which all of the news reports agree is that the strike occurred in the Shin Warsak village about 20km west of Wana, one of the main towns in South Waziristan. 345 http://tribune.com.pk/story/472742/us-drone-strike-kills-2-in-south-waziristan/ http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/11/discrepancies-surrounding-south-waziristan-drone-strike/ 62 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 63 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM According to LawFare,346 QUOTE It’s the new face of journalism—or stalking: Dylan Byers of Politico tells us347 that KBIA, Missouri’s NPR affiliate, has received $25k from the University of Missouri, which it plans to use to build drones to collect media. Byers also reports that TMZ (which, if you’re not a teenage girl, might mean nothing to you) has denied348 that it requested the FAA’s permission to use a drone, a claim made by the San Francisco Chronicle349 that it then retracted. The agency confirmed that TMZ has not applied for drone privileges. And, Kashmir Hill of Forbes asks the FAA whether it has granted a waiver to NewsCorp for its drone. 350 UNQUOTE The Politico article says,351 QUOTE TMZ, the Hollywood gossip site, is reportedly seeking its own drone from the FAA, though the network today denied that claim.352 Police departments, universities, and private corporations have also applied for drones from the FAA,353 according to a report in the San Francisco Chronicle.354 UPDATE: FAA spokesperson Ian Gregor tells POLITICO that TMZ never "requested or inquired about an authorization" to fly a drone. 355 UNQUOTE In Drone Scribd, I have been following some legal battles, where activist organizations are protesting some US Drone policies. In one of them, the ACLU wants info regarding the US decision to kill 3 US citizens in Yemen. During Nov 2012, there was a violent conflict between Israel and Gaza.356 Some days there were hundreds of rockets fired at Israeli cities. February 2013, Human Rights 346 347 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2012/11/todays-headlines-and-commentary-316/ http://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2012/11/npr-affiliate-launches-drone-program150409.html?hp=r8 348 http://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2012/11/tmz-denies-it-is-seeking-a-drone-150404.html 349 http://www.sfgate.com/nation/article/Push-to-step-up-domestic-use-of-drones-4064482.php#page-2 350 http://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2011/08/02/faa-looks-into-news-corps-daily-drone-raisingquestions-about-who-gets-to-fly-drones-in-the-u-s/ 351 http://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2012/11/npr-affiliate-launches-drone-program150409.html?hp=r8 352 http://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2012/11/tmz-denies-it-is-seeking-a-drone-150404.html 353 I have a section about this in Drone Notes, listing the various organizations which are reportedly operating drones in the USA, with or without FAA approval. In time, I may split off that section into another doc, with a name like Drone USA, like I have done with Drone Nations. 354 http://www.sfgate.com/nation/article/Push-to-step-up-domestic-use-of-drones-4064482.php#page-2 355 http://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2012/11/faa-tmz-never-requested-a-drone-150435.html 63 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 64 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Watch (HRW) charged that some of Israeli drone retaliation, was in violation of the laws of war, because of innocent women and children killed.357 In my opinion, Israel is shooting back at people who are attacking Israel, hiding among innocent civilians. That makes it more difficult than for the USA, attacking homes in Pakistan, whose occupants are not engaged in combat against the US, at the time of US drone strikes. US intelligence has the capability of knowing if there are innocent women and children there, before attacking a home, but chooses not to check in advance. Israel reportedly dropped leaflets over Gaza, in advance of drone strikes, warning they would come to where rockets had been launched at Israel. 2012 12 Dec+ (3 Mar 14) ! Dec 2012: Iran captures another US drone, an RQ-170 Sentinel. News media stories echo US gov denials. Iran publishes video of the capture, the video they got from inside the drone. It is extremely convincing.358 Dec 4, 2012: News comes out about Iran capturing a Scan Eagle drone. When it happened is not shared. USA claims all its Scan Eagle drones are accounted for, but the USA is not the only nation with them.359 Dec 14, 2012: The U.S. government filed its first response to the ACLU lawsuit challenging the targeted killing of the three U.S. citizens 2011 in Yemen, Anwar Al-Awlaki, his 16-year-old son Abdulrahman and Samir Khan. "The essence of the government’s argument is that the US has the authority to kill Americans not only in secret, but also without ever having to justify its actions under the Constitution in any courtroom .”360 That includes any US court, any foreign court, any international court. The government's motion is available here.361 More information on the case is available here.362 As I get more info about this case, I will probably do updates in Drone Scribd. Dec 18, 2012: The City of Berkeley California, passes an ordinance against drones. Drone Free Zone = Some where it is even possible to enforce laws banning the use of 356 357 I have Israel Gaza 2012 Nov notes about this conflict. http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/02/12/israel-gaza-airstrikes-violated-laws-war https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2013/02/13/hrw-israeli-drone-strikes-kill-palestinian-civilians-andviolate-laws-of-war/ 358 For more info, see Drone Iran. 359 For more info, see Drone Iran. 360 http://www.aclu.org/national-security/us-asks-court-not-consider-targeted-killing-challenge 361 www.aclu.org/files/assets/tk_govt_motion_to_dismiss.pdf 362 www.aclu.org/national-security/al-aulaqi-v-panetta 64 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 65 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM drones.363 US States and local governments cannot pass laws which usurp federal authority. Dec 20, 2012: Iran says there are Israeli drones, carrying US weapons, going over Iran from a base in Azerbaijan. Israelis and Azerbaijan deny this. 364 End Dec 2012: The Washington Post does an analysis, copied to some of the blogosphere, regarding Abd al-Ravt al-Dhahab, who is now on US kill-list.365  A Sept 2012 air strike tried to kill him, targeting a truck with 14 occupants, but instead killed several innocent people and in turn, pushed more people into the arms of al-Qaeda. 11 passengers were immediately dead, including a woman and her 7-year-old daughter. A 12-year-old boy also perished that day. Later one of the injured men dies. The attack led to an anti-government demonstration.  Dec 23, 2012 drone strike tried to kill him, but instead killed two men, who are not known whether or not they were affiliated with al-Qaeda.366  Dec 29, 2012 drone strike tried to kill him, but instead killed three men, who are not known whether or not they were affiliated with al-Qaeda. Local reports claim one of the 3 “men” was an 11 year old boy. The discussion media asks “What intel is the US using to lead it to think that a particular target is at a place they shoot at, and how come the US keeps missing, and killing innocent people instead?” A related question might be “How many innocent people is it Ok to kill, when they happen to be at a location, where we think we have a legitimate target?” The discussion media asks “How did 'Abd al -Rauf al-Dhahab make it onto the US kill list?” Their analysis concludes that US intelligence is probably flawed. This guy was not our enemy before we started trying to kill him. His family has been heavily involved in the Yemen civil war strife, so maybe someone on one side of Yemen internal conflicts, erroneously told the USA that he is an enemy of the US, as a ploy to get rid of someone, who is inconvenient to their politics. Some of his relatives are involved in al-Qaeda, but is this by itself sufficient reason to kill people? 363 http://afgeneralcounsel.dodlive.mil/2012/12/26/drone-free-zones/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/toddwoody/2012/12/21/drone-wars-come-home-as-berkeley-considers-banon-robotic-aircraft/ http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/Clerk/City_Council/2012/12Dec/City_Council__12-18-2012__Regular_Meeting_Agenda.aspx America is already a police state, thanks to deniability of drones. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/dec/21/coming-drone-attack-america 364 For more info, see Drone Iran. 365 http://bigthink.com/waq-al-waq/abd-al-rauf-al-dhahab-and-bad-intel http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/when-us-drones-kill-civilians-yemens-governmenttries-to-conceal-it/2012/12/24/bd4d7ac2-486d-11e2-8af9-9b50cb4605a7_story.html 366 http://www.marebpress.net/news_details.php?lng=arabic&sid=50430 65 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 66 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM 2012 12+ US Drone vs. Iran claims (3 Mar 14) ! This entire section has been moved to new document Drone Iran. At the time of this split, March 14, 2013, there were 13 incidents, that I knew about so far:  2006  2011 summer  2011 Nov  2012 Oct  2012 Nov – 3 stories and counting  2012 Dec – 3 stories and counting  2013 Feb  2013 Mar – 2 stories and counting 2012 Bottom Line Aggregate (3 Mar 04) Several organizations maintain statistics on what they found for particular calendar years. Pro Publica estimates 95% of targeted killings, so far since 9/11, have been by drones.367 2012- Drones via 3d printers (3 Mar 04) Hello 3d printed drones.368 The hardware to control a drone is included in every $200.00- smart phone.369 Development challenges, everyone expects will be resolved:  Motor efficiency  Power Cells 2012 Drone Crashes per DW UK (3 Feb 18) According to Drone Wars UK, in the year 2012,370 there were 21 military drone crashes. We may find out about more later.:  1 Hezbollah (It got shot down by Israel)  1 India  2 Israel  1 Pakistani Army  1 South Korea 367 368 https://www.propublica.org/article/everything-we-know-so-far-about-drone-strikes Drones via 3d printers, info thanks to drone-list. https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:23569 https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:47533 https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:17612 There are more on Thingiverse if you dig a little. The meshes are also being distributed via BitTorrent by a few folks to keep copies floating around out there. http://www.wired.com/design/2012/11/3d-printed-autonomous-airplane/ 369 Cheaper update via drone-list: There are plans for an open source done floating around a BoM that tops out around 130 euros. Or a few of these could be bought and squirreled away: http://www.geekosystem.com/mecam-personal-quadcopter/ 370 https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/drone-crash-database/ 66 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 67    1 Turkey 8 USA 5 unidentified Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM 2012 Drone policy per Lawfare (3 Feb 08) Robert Chesney of Lawfare371 summarized Daniel Klaidman372 info. QUOTE April 2012: With AQAP surging in Yemen, and Yemeni authorities urging the US to do something, Obama and Brennan at last authorize signature strikes there. Unclear whether:  this specific to CIA, to DOD, or both;  this authority continues today. UNQUOTE 2012- Pakistan attacked per PBC (3 Feb 04) # In Pakistan 1995 thru 2012, according to Pakistan Body Count, 373 there were 369 suicide attacks, killing 3,735 to 5,329 people, and injuring 8,184 to 14,069. In Pakistan 2004 thru 2013 Jan 10, according to Pakistan Body Count, 374 there were 334 US drone strikes, killing 1,665 to 3,130 people, and injuring 326 to 1,209, of whom:  40 deaths were Al Qaeda  94 to 416 deaths were Taliban  36 to 328 deaths were foreigners in Pakistan  1,247 to 2,483 deaths were innocent Pakistanis  10.48 % of victims were women 2012- US CIA vs. Pakistan per BIJ (3 Feb 04) # In Pakistan 2004 thru 2013 January, according to the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, in London UK:375 Total US strikes: 362 Obama strikes: 310 Total reported killed: 2,629-3,461 Civilians reported killed: 475-891 Children reported killed: 176 Total reported injured: 1,267-1,431 371 372 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/02/klaidmans-chronology-of-changes-to-drone-strike-procedures/ http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2013/02/04/john-brennan-obama-s-cia-chief-nominee-couldrestrain-the-agency.html 373 http://pakistanbodycount.org/suicide_bombing 374 http://pakistanbodycount.org/drone_attack 375 http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drone-data/ 67 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 68 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM 2012 US vs. Pakistan per NAF (3 Feb 04) # According to New America Foundation, for 2012:376 US Drone strikes in Pakistan: 48 Average time between strikes: 7.7 days Strikes with civilian/unknown casualties: 7 Percentage of strikes with civilian/unknown casualties: 14% Total killed: 222-349 Militants killed: 194-317 Civilians killed: 5 Unknown: 23-39 % Militant deaths: 89% % Civilian deaths: 1.7% % Unknown deaths: 9.3% Average number of people killed per strike: 6.2 2012- US vs. Somalia per BIJ (3 Feb 04) # In Somalia 2007 thru 2013 January, according to the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, in London UK:377 Total US strikes: 10-23 Total US drone strikes: 3-9 Total reported killed: 58-170 Civilians reported killed: 11-57 Children reported killed: 1-3 2012- US vs. Yemen per BIJ (3 Feb 04) # In Yemen 2002 thru 2013 January, according to the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, in London UK:378 Total confirmed US operations (all): 54-64 Total confirmed US drone strikes: 42-52 Possible extra US operations: 135-157 Possible extra US drone strikes: 77-93 Total reported killed (all): 374-1,112 376 377 http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones/2012 http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drone-data/ 378 http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drone-data/ http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2012/05/08/yemen-reported-us-covert-action-2012/ 68 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 69 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Total civilians killed (all): 72-178 Children killed (all): 27-37 2013+ (3 Feb 07) According to New America Foundation, as of the beginning of 2013, overall statistics:379  337 CIA drone strikes in Pakistan have killed an estimated 1,953 to 3,279 people since 2004, of which 1,526 - 2,649 were reported to be militants.  This means the average non-militant casualty rate over the life of the program is 18-23 percent.  In 2012 it was around 10 percent, down sharply from its peak in 2006 of over 60 percent. Info about drone attacks, and drone directed killings, in beginning of 2013.380 Many sound legitimate, such as:  Insurgents planting IED get blown up However, the basis for this “person is suspicious” can include just about anyone.  Walking, or standing, near US troops  Talking on a cell phone  Driving car along a road, near US troop movements, not visible at ground level Jan 01, 2013: 9 alleged militants killed, by US drones in South Waziristan Pakistan location = Angoor Adda.381 Jan 02, 2013: 7-17 Taliban killed, by US drones in South Waziristan Pakistan area = Sara Kandar.382 The death toll included Taliban warlord Maulvi Nazir Wazir, also known as Mullah Nazir, a powerful elder of the Wazir tribe. Officials said Nazir’s deputy Ratta Khan, and commanders Kochai and Chewantee were also killed when the missiles struck in the mountains of Sara Kanda. The news of Nazir’s killing was announced through loudspeakers in Wana Rustham. The warlord’s funeral was held in Azam Warsak, which was attended by thousands of tribal people. Jan 03, 2013: 12-17 alleged militants killed, by US drones in South Waziristan Pakistan village of Babar Ghar.383 379 380 http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=82a_1359822977 found via http://cryptome.org/ 381 http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones/2013 382 http://pakistanbodycount.org/drone_attack http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones/2013 http://tribune.com.pk/story/488854/taliban-warlord-mullah-nazir-killed-in-us-drone-strike/ 383 http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones/2013 69 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 70 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Jan 04, 2013: 5-6 alleged militants killed, by US drones in North Waziristan Pakistan village of Mir Ali.384 Jan 05, 2013: 3 alleged militants killed, by US drones in North Waziristan Pakistan village of Essohkel.385 Jan 06, 2013:  10-17 Taliban killed and 7 wounded, by US drones in South Waziristan Pakistan village of Babar Gar.386  4-5 alleged militants killed, by US drones in North Waziristan Pakistan village of Heso Khel.387 Jan 08, 2013:  4-8 innocent civilians, or militants,388 killed, and 1-4 wounded, by US drones in North Waziristan Pakistan village of Haider Khel.389  3-4 innocent civilians, or militants,390 killed, and 1-4 wounded, by US drones in North Waziristan Pakistan village of Heso Khel.391 Jan 10, 2013: 4-6 innocent civilians, or militants,392 killed by US drones in North Waziristan Pakistan village of Heso Khel.393 These strikes bring to 36 the number of alleged militants reported killed in Pakistan in five drone strikes since January 3. Jan 11, 2013: DARPA proposes sleeper drones parked on ocean floor, to “fall upward” when needed.394 Jan 19, 2013: Washington Post reports that the Obama administration “is nearing completion of a detailed counterterrorism manual that is designed to establish clear rules for targeted-killing operations.”395 CIA in Pakistan will be exempted from those rules. 384 385 http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones/2013 http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones/2013 386 http://pakistanbodycount.org/drone_attack http://www.express.com.pk/epaper/PoPupwindow.aspx?newsID=1101717934&Issue=NP_LHE&Date=201 30107 387 http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones/2013 388 Innocent or Guilty depend on sources, take their word for it, with no evidence or proof backing up their statements. 389 http://pakistanbodycount.org/drone_attack http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones/2013 http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2013\01\08\story_8-1-2013_pg7_8 390 Innocent or Guilty depend on sources, take their word for it, with no evidence or proof backing up their statements. 391 http://pakistanbodycount.org/drone_attack http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones/2013 http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2013\01\08\story_8-1-2013_pg7_8 392 Innocent or Guilty depend on sources, take their word for it, with no evidence or proof backing up their statements. 393 http://pakistanbodycount.org/drone_attack http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2013\01\11\story_11-1-2013_pg7_2 394 http://www.gsnmagazine.com/node/28244?c=military_force_protection I learned about this, thanks to summary of the story by alias inkhorn on Google Plus: https://plus.google.com/u/0/103028459671171670815/posts/6TKfkDgkKwo 70 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 71 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Jan 23, 2013: A university student, and a teacher, were driving home, when some strangers offered to pay them for a ride. Along comes a drone strike to kill them all. Turns out the strangers were alQaeda.396 Jan 24, 2013: Today the UN announced the official launch of an investigation into targeted killings by the United States and other governments, to determine which constitute war crimes, and what modifications are needed in the rules of war and international conventions to address the evolving technology. The inquiry will include the civilian impact of the use of drones and other forms of targeted killing, focusing on the applicable legal framework, a critical examination of the factual evidence concerning civilian casualties. 1. By the end of May, they expect to complete the evidence-gathering phase. The UN team will work closely with lawyers, journalists, local and international NGOs operating in the field where these drone strikes and targeted killings have been going on. There will also be communications with the relevant states, and trips to some of the nations impacted, including Pakistan, Yemen, and the Sahel.397 2. From end of May to end of July, Ben Emmerson will seek views and responses of the relevant states on the case studies and evidence collected in the first phase. 3. From end of July to end of September, will be the evaluation phase, and drafting of final report, with conclusions and recommendations, tentatively to be delivered to the UN General Assembly in October 2013. It will include drone usage in:398  Afghanistan / FATA  Pakistan / FATA  Palestine / Gaza  Sahel Africa / Mali  Somalia  Yemen The inquiry will be led by Ben Emmerson, (United Kingdom), the U.N. special rapporteur on counterterrorism and human rights. 399 The results of the investigation, to be run from Geneva, will be reported to the U.N. General Assembly in the fall.400 395 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/01/the-end-of-war-a-recent-timeline/ http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/cia-drone-strikes-will-get-pass-incounterterrorism-playbook-officials-say/2013/01/19/ca169a20-618d-11e2-9940-6fc488f3fecd_story.html 396 https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/06/world/middleeast/with-brennan-pick-a-light-on-drone-strikeshazards.html?pagewanted=3&hp 397 Jan 24 was the first I heard of “the Sahel” (Mali) being involved, so I will be searching for more in fo, to expand my relevant world view. It certainly makes sense that there would have been drone strikes there, not covered properly by the international media, since the region is in much turmoil. 398 See Drone Nations for links to stories about drone usage in each of these territories. 399 http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Terrorism/Pages/SRTerrorismIndex.aspx 71 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 72 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM According to Al Jazeera,401 QUOTE Chris Woods, a senior journalist at London-based The Bureau of Investigative Journalism (TBIJ) said that "more than 400 US covert drone strikes have so far taken place in Pakistan, Yemen and Somalia which have killed at least 3,000 people". On a twitter post from Emmerson's press conference, Woods said that the "inquiry will study 25 drone strikes, where civilians [were] reported killed across Yemen, FATA [Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan], Somalia, Afghanistan and Gaza". "We believe more than 500 were likely to have been civilians [in those attacks]. The UN inquiry is important because it will focus on the key questions of the legality of such strikes, and the reported deaths of civilians," he told Al Jazeera. 400 I am posting this update news in both Drone Dates (Time Line of what happened when, and how we found out) and Drone Scribd (multiple topics, starting with international law implications) notes. http://www.aclu.org/national-security/un-human-rights-expert-launches-targeted-killing-inquiry http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2013/01/201312411432248495.html http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/01/todays-headlines-and-commentary-349/ http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jan/24/un-examine-uk-afghanistan-drone-strikes http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-21176279 http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-un-investigation-drones-targeted-killings20130124,0,816883.story http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2013/01/united-nations-drones/ More information on the ACLU’s lawsuits on targeted killing is at: www.aclu.org/national-security/targeted-killings ACLU’s statement to the U.N. Human Rights Council on targeted killing is at: www.unmultimedia.org/tv/webcast/2012/06/aclu-clustered-id-on-expression-and-executions-continued5th-meeting.html Emmerson's statement from Jan 24 at: www.aclu.org/files/assets/emmerson_statement_on_un_tk_inquiry_24.01.12.pdf Universal Human Rights Index: http://uhri.ohchr.org/en UN Human Rights, follow us on social media: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/unitednationshumanrights Twitter: http://twitter.com/UNrightswire Google+: gplus.to/unitednationshumanrights YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/UNOHCHR Storify: http://storify.com/UNrightswire http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=12943&LangID=E 401 http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2013/01/201312411432248495.html 72 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 73 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM He added that TBIJ believes that there is not enough evidence to support the claims of some US officials who say that Pakistan secretly approves drone strikes. Robert Densmore, editor of Defence Report magazine told Al Jazeera that the inquiry "is something that [needed] to happen to drive forward some more regulation". He said the inquiry could lay a framework to a potential UN convention to govern the use of drones - something similar to conventions in place for undetectable landmines and cluster ammunition.402 UNQUOTE Jan 24, 2013: American Security Project (ASP) held a panel discussion on drone strikes.403 Part of the discussion included a new report from ASP on understanding strategic and tactical dimensions of drone usage. 404 Jan 27, 2013: Washington Post reports the Pentagon plans a five fold increase in its cyber security forces in the next few years.405 Jan 28, 2013: USA signs agreement with Niger to have a Drone military base there. 406 2013 Feb- Drone policy per Lawfare (3 Feb 08) ! Robert Chesney of Lawfare407 summarized Daniel Klaidman408 info. QUOTE Early 2012-beginning Feb 2013: Efforts to develop “playbook” governing counterterrorism disposition options go on for more than a year, with much administration infighting. – being a threat to “US interests” is not enough to justify lethal force off the battlefield (At some earlier point, it might have been otherwise.) 402 403 See Drone Robots for some parallel thinking about this concept. http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2013/event-review-understanding-the-strategic-and-tacticalconsiderations-of-drone-strikes/ http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/01/american-security-project-drone-event-and-joshua-foust-paper/ 404 http://americansecurityproject.org/featured-items/2013/understanding-the-strategic-and-tacticalconsiderations-of-drone-strikes/ 405 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/01/the-end-of-war-a-recent-timeline/ http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/pentagon-to-boost-cybersecurityforce/2013/01/19/d87d9dc2-5fec-11e2-b05a-605528f6b712_story.html 406 See Drone Nations for links to details. Also: http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/01/the-end-of-war-a-recent-timeline/ 407 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/02/klaidmans-chronology-of-changes-to-drone-strike-procedures/ 408 http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2013/02/04/john-brennan-obama-s-cia-chief-nominee-couldrestrain-the-agency.html 73 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 74 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM – not all members of a particular group are targetable with lethal force (“there are finely grained distinctions where one must be in the chain of command, to be targetable. A driver or cook, who can be easily replaced, may not represent the kind of unique threat which would warrant lethal action. A bomb maker, on the other hand, would.”) – DOD and CIA agreed the President should not make attack-specific decisions, and nearly prevailed in having these rules loosened for DOD, but State and unidentified other agencies (DOJ?) objected and succeeded in preserving the status quo. - Brennan reportedly sought to eliminate exception where CIA force remains free from interagency vetting. CIA ultimately cut a deal whereby its attacks in Pakistan remain free from this process for one year. Sounds like the change will apply elsewhere immediately. (It may be that those non-Pakistan attacks already were subject to this rule). UNQUOTE 2013 Feb+ (3 Mar 10) We are not sure exactly when the USAF began doing censorship regarding drone strike info in Afghanistan.409 I found out March 8, 2013, via drone-list. In early February 2013, perhaps because of timing of Obama 2nd term picks for leaders of military and intelligence community, a leaked memo about the legalities of targeted killing of Americans abroad, led to an explosion of news stories and commentary, which I address mainly in my Drone Scribd notes. It also led to more stories and discussion on some wider drone issues. Feb 2, 2013: ZeeNews of India talks about the Bureau of Investigative Journalism410 doing a monthly report on Covert Drones,411 then shares statistics from the Jan 2013 report.412 Feb 4, 2013: Attacks by our adversaries continue unabated around the world. A suicide bomber in Iraq kills 23, wounds lots. There’s also attack on a police station. 413 Feb 5, 2013: Smarting under the U.S. drone attacks it calls a violation of its sovereignty and international law, Pakistan has threatened to withhold cooperation with the United States on counter-terrorism operations until the drone strikes stop.414 409 410 http://blog.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/03/08/air_force_erases_drone_strike_data_amid_criticism http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drones/ 411 http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drone-data/ 412 http://zeenews.india.com/news/south-asia/us-drones-targeted-pak-with-renewed-intensity-in-jan-2013report_826541.html 413 http://www.cnn.com/2013/02/04/world/meast/iraq-violence/index.html 74 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 75 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Sherry Rehman, Pakistan's ambassador to Washington, said that the continuing drone strikes are a "red line," but she declined to say whether Pakistan would order its U.S.made F-16 fighters to shoot down the drones. Feb. 6 and Feb. 8, 2013, there were two drone strikes in Pakistan, killing nine people, including two senior commanders of al Qaeda, condemned by Pakistan, for which the USA is saying those were not by us.415 After news media shared speculation from US government that they might have been by the Pakistan military, it also is denying they were responsible.416 Feb 8, 2013: We learn from Lawfare, that thanks to the Sequester, there are no more drone strikes on US citizens on Saturdays, starting 2014.417 Feb 10, 2012: Lawfare writes, QUOTE418 Mark R. Jacobson writes in today’s Washington Post on what he calls five myths about drone warfare. In my view he’s right, and I’m particularly happy to see him offer clear, direct statements in defense of the morality of drone warfare; defense of drones as a precision weapons in limiting civilian casualties; corrective on the idea that drones make war riskless to the US; clarification on technological features of drones; and an observation, which will be new to many of the pundits, that drones are one crucial feature of a larger counterterrorism strategy. 419 UNQUOTE Mark R. Jacobson’s Five Myths are: 1. 2. 3. 4. Drones are immoral. Drone strikes cause inordinate civilian casualties. Drones allow us to fight wars without danger. Drones are technologically complex weapons which only rich nations can afford. 5. Obama will be remembered as the drone president. 414 415 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/05/pakistan-drone-strikes_n_2623262.html http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2013/03/Drones-Not-Ours-Says-No-1-Drone-Exporter-UnitedStates https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/05/world/asia/us-disavows-2-drone-strikes-overpakistan.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 416 http://blog.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/03/05/pakistan_denies_new_york_times_report_on_drones 417 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/02/one-consequence-of-the-sequester/ I think this is satire, not a serious news story. 418 http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/02/mark-r-jacobson-on-5-myths-about-drone-warfare-in-thewashington-post/ 419 http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/five-myths-about-obamas-drone-war/2013/02/08/c9ef3d78708c-11e2-a050-b83a7b35c4b5_story.html http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/five-myths-about-obamas-drone-war/2013/02/08/c9ef3d78708c-11e2-a050-b83a7b35c4b5_story_1.html 75 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 76 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM He says over 50 nations have drones. My count is over 100.420 He asks “What happens when terrorist groups acquire them?” I know that terrorists and drug smugglers already have them.421 He recognizes that drones are an evolution in warfare. He might not recognize where we are headed with autonomous robotics. Feb 14, 2013: Several news media reporting that a recent NATO strike killed 10 people in Afghanistan, mainly women and children.422 Feb. 14, 2013: Deadline for the comprehensive plan 423 US Secretary of Transportation must submit the final version of the comprehensive plan to Congress. Sec. 332(a)(4). The Secretary must also approve and publish a 5-year roadmap - to be updated annually - for phasing non-government drones into the national airspace. Sec. 332(a)(5). Feb 16, 2013: Afghan President Hamid Karzai has forbidden Afghan forces from asking NATO to conduct airstrikes after one such airstrike killed civilians. 424 He is also trying to put a stop to torture in his nation. Feb 18, 2013: Al Macintyre locates and joins drone-list hosted by Stanford U.425 Feb 19-23, 2013: Code Pink has a week of protesting drones, due to the timing of the Brennan nomination to head CIA.426 Feb 21, 2013: Senator Lindsey Graham (R-SC)427 says the US has killed 4,700 people with drones so far. It is unclear where he got his data, because the official number is supposedly classified. According to some news media, this is allegedly the first time any US Senator has given out this kind of info. 428 See Nov 12, 2012 for similar info from Congressman Dennis Kucinich (D-OH). 420 421 See Drone Nations. Hezbollah uses them on Israel. See Drone Nations. See US Navy report in Drone Reports about drug smugglers using drone submarines which are virtually undetectable, so there is fear terrorists may use them to deliver WMD to some port city, without advance warning. 422 http://www.globalresearch.ca/war-crimes-and-the-global-war-on-terrorism-us-arms-al-qaeda-in-syriamass-slaughters-civilians-in-afghanistan/5322826 423 https://www.cdt.org/blogs/harley-geiger/2703drone-countdown 424 https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/17/world/asia/karzai-to-forbid-his-forces-from-requesting-foreignairstrikes.html?ref=asia&_r=0 425 https://mailman.stanford.edu/mailman/listinfo/drone-list 426 http://codepink.org/blog/2013/02/codepink-anti-drone-week-of-action-february-19-23/ For more info on what happened around this time, also see my Drone Scribd notes. 427 http://lgraham.senate.gov/public/ 428 http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2013/02/201322185240615179.html http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/02/todays-headlines-and-commentary-370/ 76 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 77 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Feb 23, 2013, the New York times reports that since 2008, the number of pilots of US remotely piloted military aircraft, not counting CIA operations, has grown fourfold, to nearly 1,300.429 (1300 / 4 = 325) Feb 24, 2013: Initial news stories are unclear. It appears like an Israeli drone, flying over Lebanon, was shot down by a Syrian anti-missile.430 Feb 24, 2013: I do not know when this story first broke, but today I am hearing about it multiple places on social media discussions. Former Obama press secretary Robert Gibbs says one of the first things he was told, was not to acknowledge anything about the drone program.431 Actually, I believe the USA has several different drone programs:  Military operations seemingly all over the world.  CIA in Pakistan.  Border Patrol mainly southern borders.  DHS aid to local police.  DoI environmental activities.  DoJ agencies like FBI.  What FAA is working on … check out FOIA via EFF. Some get much more media attention than others. Feb 25, 2013: The Constitution Project (TCP) released a statement arguing that the Obama administration’s refusal to make public the legal rationale for its targeted killing of suspected terrorists violates constitutional principles of checks and balances, and calling on the president to release the rules of operation and all legal guidance about the program to Congress and the public.432 Feb 27, 2013, ACLU releases the results of their FOIA inquiry into: 433  Drone crashes the FAA is aware of.434  Drone crashes the USAF is aware of.435 429 https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/23/us/drone-pilots-found-to-get-stress-disorders-much-as-those-incombat-do.html 430 http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Local-News/2013/Feb-26/207921-are-israeli-drones-being-attackedin-the-skies-above-lebanon.ashx 431 http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2013/02/24/robert-gibbs-reveals-one-of-the-first-things-white-housetold-me-was-not-to-acknowledge-drone-program-exists/ 432 http://www.constitutionproject.org/documents/drone-program-secrecy-violates-constitution/ http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs104/1101561619973/archive/1112571127419.html 433 http://www.aclu.org/technology-and-liberty/domestic-drones-foia-requests http://www.aclu.org/blog/technology-and-liberty-national-security-criminal-law-reform/new-documentsreveal-us-marshals https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/02/faa-releases-new-list-drone-authorizations-your-local-lawenforcement-agency-map 434 http://www.aclu.org/national-security/foia-request-drones-faa There were 8 incidents, 2006-2011. I added them to the calendar above. 77 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 78  Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Drone usage by U.S. Marshals Service.436 (heavily redacted) I may include some of these in my Drone Reports. Feb 27, 2013, I watched the House Judiciary Committee hearing on Targeted Killing of US Citizens, via C-Span II, and probably will post my notes on this to Drone Scribd. I e-mailed my first impressions to a few contacts, including drone-list. There was heavy discussion with my contacts on Google Plus, more about the Holder letters, and Sen Paul filibuster, than about the substance of the info elicited in the hearing. Feb 27, 2013: the US Navy is forming a drone squadron, which will operate in the Atlantic. Called VUP (Unmanned Patrol Squadron) 19, it will be in service by October 2013.437 A second squadron will enter service in 2014 on the west coast to cover the Pacific. 2013 March+ (3 Mar 19) Akbar Ahmed, American University School of International Service’s Ibn Khaldun Chair of Islamic Studies, in his new book, "The Thistle and the Drone: How America’s War on Terror Became a Global War on Tribal Islam" (Brookings Press March 2013) says the United States is fighting the wrong war, with the wrong methods, against the wrong enemy. Ahmed shows how America’s war on terror has become a global wa r on tribal Islam.438 I got the following info via drone-list: EPIC is hosting a new petition to suspend CBP's drone program, pending public comment on privacy regulations. Signatures originally would be accepted until March 18, 2013, at which time it will be formally sent to CBP. Then they extended it. EPIC has extended the opportunity for individuals and organizations to sign our petition asking for privacy regulations on U.S. border drones. Sign-ons are now due Tuesday, March 19, 2013 (COB = 5 pm EST). Individuals who would like to join EPIC's petition can do so at http://epic.org/drones_petition/ (requires name and city/state). Organizations who would like to join EPIC's petition should email me at [email protected]. More on the petition is available at http://epic.org/drones_petition/,. Petition: http://epic.org/drones_petition/ 435 436 http://www.aclu.org/national-security/foia-request-drones-us-air-force http://www.aclu.org/national-security/foia-request-drones-us-marshals-service 437 http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htnavai/articles/20130227.aspx 438 http://www.prweb.com/releases/prwebAkbarAhmed/ThistleandtheDrone/prweb10461195.htm http://www.beaumontenterprise.com/business/press-releases/article/American-University-s-Akbar-AhmedExplains-Why-4305879.php 78 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 79 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Short news blurb: http://epic.org/2013/03/epic-launches-petition-to-susp.html EPIC has published a petition to the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (CBP), demanding suspension of the drone program pending the development of privacy regulations for the use of drones in US airspace. Documents recently obtained by EPIC under the Freedom of Information Act indicate that the drones are equipment with technology for signals interception and human identification. The agency currently operates ten Predator B drones along the border region, an area that encompasses more than two-thirds of the U.S. population. EPIC is urging individuals and organizations to Sign the Petition before March 18. Under federal law, the agency is required to respond to public petitions. For more information see EPIC: Domestic Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Drones and EPIC: Drone Petition to Customs and Border Protection. EPIC thanks to the following organizations which have already joined the petition:  Advocacy for Principled Action in Government  Alameda County Against Drones  American Civil Liberties Union  American Policy Center  Arab American Institute  Bill of Rights Defense Committee  Center for Democracy and Technology  Center for Financial Privacy and Human Rights  Constitutional Alliance  Constitution Project  Cyber Privacy Project  Electronic Frontier Foundation  Electronic Frontier Foundation - Austin  Electronic Privacy Information Center  Government Accountability Project  Liberty Coalition  Nachtpult  National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers  Patient Privacy Rights  Privacy Activism  Privacy Journal  Secure Arkansas  Stop Real ID Coalition  Take Back Washington 79 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 80 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM March 2013: There were several incidents where Iran says NATO tried to send a U2 over Iran, but was chased off by Iran military.439 The US disagrees, saying that was an unmanned aircraft. Mar 4, 2013: A drone was reported over JFK airport in NYC approx 1.15 pm, by the pilot of flight #608 Alitalia passenger jet.440 The unmanned aircraft came within 200 feet of the Alitalia plane. Other commercial aircraft were warned. Two said they did not see it. The incident is under investigation by:  FAA;  FBI;  Joint Terror Task Force.441 The FBI seeks tips from the general public, to help them trace the people responsible. The unnamed aircraft was described as black in color and no more than three feet wide with four propellers.442 “The sighting was while on final approach to Runway 31 Right," accordin g to a statement to CNN by FAA spokeswoman Laura Brown. "The sighting was approximately four to five miles west of the airport at an altitude of approximately 1,500 feet," she said. That description puts the aircraft somewhere over Brooklyn and on the other side of the airport from where the plane was coming in for a landing. 439 No, I do not have a translation. http://www.mashreghnews.ir/fa/news/200685/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D9%BE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF also http://www.mashreghnews.ir/fa/news/200783/%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AA%D8 %B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7-%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3 440 Drone near JFK airport. http://www.forbes.com/sites/davidewalt/2013/03/05/predator-drones-over-brooklyn-not-so-fast/ http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/04/us/new-york-drone-report/index.html?hpt=hp_t2 http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/05/opinion/calo-drones/?hpt=hp_c1 http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2013/03/pilot-reports-drone-sighting-at-jfk/ http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/2013/03/drones_over_bro.php I found out about this incident thanks to drone-list. 441 http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2013/03/pilot-reports-drone-sighting-at-jfk/ 442 https://www.fbi.gov/newyork/press-releases/2013/fbi-seeks-publics-assistance-in-identifying-locatingunmanned-aircraft-and-operator http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2013/03/ufo-black-drone-fbi/ 80 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 81 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM For recreational hobbyists, flying remote-controlled planes is only allowed by the FAA up to 400 feet in the air, and within sight of the operator. If they are going to fly within three miles of an airport, they have to let air traffic controllers know. Whoever was flying this drone, did not inform JFK authorities. Also the altitude was way higher than is allowed for the radio controlled aircraft hobby. Mar 5, 2013: in the face of bi-partisan pressure, including from within Congress – the administration reportedly provided the House and Senate Intelligence Committees with all of the OLC443 opinions relating to the targeted killing of American citizens during counterterrorism operations. The administration also agreed to allow at least one staffer per member to review the documents.444 However, this info is still being kept secret from the general public. These welcome and important developments are not sufficient to restore checks and balances to a national security program with such grave consequences. The public deserves to know the rules under which our government operates, and all congressional committees of jurisdiction should have access to comprehensive information about the targeted killing program. The Senate Judiciary Committee, for example, has also demanded access to the law and procedures that govern targeted killing, but has so far been rebuffed.445 Mar 6, 2013: Congress has directed the Secretary of Defense to report on the handling of surveillance data collected by military unmanned aerial systems operating in domestic airspace.446 Mar 12, 2013: The US had a Predator drone over the Persian Gulf. An Iranian manned fighter plane approached it. An American manned fighter plane arrived and verbally asked the Iranian to leave, which it did. No shots were fired. 447 Mid Mar 2013: Iranian manned military aircraft targeted a U.S. Predator drone over the Persian Gulf. Both Iran and USA have confirmed the incident. The US says it was international waters airspace off Oman. No shots were fired.448 2013 April+ (3 Mar 14) End May 2013: The UN inquiry (see Jan 24) expects to complete the evidence gathering phase. 443 OLC = Office of Legal Counsel, which has Attorney-Client privilege in providing opinions for the President of the USA. 444 http://www.constitutionproject.org/documents/drone-program-secrecy-violates-constitution/ 445 http://www.constitutionproject.org/documents/drone-program-secrecy-violates-constitution/ 446 https://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy/2013/03/dod_drone_surv.html 447 http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-us-jet-warns-iranian-fighter-approaching-predator-drone20130314,0,3286238.story?track=rss 448 http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2013/03/14/iran-confronts-u-s-drone-over-persian-gulf/ 81 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 82 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM End July 2013: The UN inquiry (see Jan 24) expects to complete the phase of getting responses from the nations involved. End Sept, 2013: The UN inquiry (see Jan 24) expects to complete evaluation phase. Oct 2013: The UN inquiry (see Jan 24) is expected to be delivered to the UN General Assembly. 2014+ (3 Jan 24) Aug. 14, 2014: Final rule for non-government drones449 The Secretary of Transportation must publish a final rule that will allow small nongovernment drones to operate in the national airspace system. Sec. 332(b)(1). Aug. 14, 2014: Proposed rule to implement the comprehensive plan450 The Secretary of Transportation must issue a notice of proposed rulemaking to implement the recommendations of the comprehensive plan. Sec. 332(b)(2). Sep. 30, 2015: Integration of non-government drones451 This is the target deadline for the completed implementation of the comprehensive plan to integrate non-government drones into the national airspace. Sec. 332(a)(3).This will include private and commercial operators of drones.452 Dec. 14, 2015: Final rule to implement the comprehensive plan453 The Secretary of Transportation must issue the final rule to implement the comprehensive plan. Sec. 332(b)(2). Dec. 31, 2015: Final standards for government drones454 FAA must develop and implement operational and certification requirements for the use of government drones in the national airspace. Sec. 334(b). 2015-2016: Just as US Congress passed a law, signed by President Obama, telling FAA to prepare regulations to open US skies to full spectrum of Drone activities by 2015, the European Commission passed equivalent laws calling on all of Europe skies to be open to all Drone activities by 2016.455 449 450 https://www.cdt.org/blogs/harley-geiger/2703drone-countdown https://www.cdt.org/blogs/harley-geiger/2703drone-countdown 451 https://www.cdt.org/blogs/harley-geiger/2703drone-countdown 452 http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/sep/2/police-groups-urge-limit-on-drones/ 453 https://www.cdt.org/blogs/harley-geiger/2703drone-countdown 454 https://www.cdt.org/blogs/harley-geiger/2703drone-countdown 455 EU approves Drones over Europe https://dronewarsuk.wordpress.com/2012/09/07/europe-to-open-skies-to-drones-by-2016-says-commissiondocument/ 82 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 83 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Al Mac Research split (2 Jan 31) My drone documents are named with a version #, which I increment as I replace with re-writes. In parentheses after each chapter heading is date in format (Year Month Day) when I last updated the contents of that chapter. People with an earlier edition can see what has been updated since they last got a copy. Some chapter headings end in an exclamation point. These indicate either identification of a controversy, and-or links to what the facts may be. Some chapter headings have a number # sign at the end. These indicate chapters with specifics on counts of people killed. Other symbols may be added later. This helps correlation of conflicting info sources, in my further research. Formerly, all my notes on Drones were in one document, which was growing excessively large. I have now split them into the following: Drone Dates = Time Line Calendar of Dates of What Happened in Drone usage History, and When we found out, thanks to publication of Key documents. 456 This info was originally in Drone Notes, then split off to its own document, where it grew lots more. Then Drone Iran split off from Drone Dates and Drone Nations. Drone Iran = Listing of incidents between Iran and other nations where drones involved. There are other areas of conflict, belonging in other research docs, which I am currently not having the time to follow closely. This info originally split off from Drone Dates and Drone Nations, which had split off from Drone Notes. Drone Issues = A summary of what the controversial problems appear to be, reasons we need to figure out what is happening, then participate in the political debate over what should be happening. Some of the things people believe about drones, they may be mistaken, those concerns belong in the directory, and need to be investigated, clarified, will be in my other drone documents. Towards the end of this document, I list what I consider to be extremely serious issues, found out in my drone studies so far, which no one seems to be adequately addressing. Drone Log = Al Mac tracking overall collection of Al Mac Drone documents, primarily for personal convenience … this info will be least interesting part of the collection, for other people. Drone Nations = A list of nations where drones are operating, being manufactured, purchased, hacked, crashing, being used by military, not necessarily of same nation. 456 Drone Reports is a directory of major sources of info, which I have located so far, downloaded some. 83 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 84 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM With each nation listed, I have footnotes with links to examples of how drones are being used in that nation, the sophistication of the drones, and more info. We see many articles claiming drones are in 40 or 50 nations. The last relevant GAO report, which I saw on this, says that 50 nations are manufacturing drones, with over 900 different models total, and many of them exporting to other nations in the world. Drone Nations is a directory of nations with drones, with multiple links cited on what each nation is doing with drones, and my effort to correlate mismatches between different sources. In time, I expect this list to grow. 86 nations have their own drones, some manufactured domestically, some imported. 11+ nations do not have their own drones, but have been the targets of military drone action by 18+ other nations. 2 nations do not have their own drones, but other nations base their military drones there, and we found out about them due to drone crashes there (one of my sources is a directory of 100 drone crashes where). That’s 86-102 nations with drones, depending on how you want to count them. There’s also non-nations like the UN and Hezbollah with military drones. There’s several nations (like Iran and Israel) which both make drones, export drones commercially, and use drones to attack one another. We have also had wars where both sides used drones. I don’t know if the one between Armenia and Azerbaijan is still going on. When Iran did a hack down of a US drone a while back, many people thought it was a fluke, but in Oct 2012: an Iran-designed drone flew over Israel, which was not able to hack it down, so they shot it down. This shows that Iran has become a leader in cyber wars. The drone was built by Hezbollah in Lebanon from an Iran drone-kit. Drone Notes = my main overall document, which later may be split again.  Here you can find: o Links to where I get this info, including official sources; 457 o Hundreds of USA locations, where drones are in use; o Legal complications; Political Complications; o Statistics on numbers of innocent bystanders killed, and numbers of enemy targets; o Technology advances, changing nature of Drone Capabilities; o Other topics. Drone Reports = This is a directory of official downloads I have located, where, some info about them, read so far, where my notes ended up, from that digesting. 457 Now just footnote citations, since directory of sources has moved to Drone Reports. 84 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 85 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM Drone Robots = These research notes explore development of killer drones which can operate without human in the loop, and what are the implications of that. Drone Scribd = I created a Drone Info collection on Scribd, which lists many educational, interesting, and stimulating Scribd articles and documents on Drones. 458 Then I started reviewing them. Where I found, what seemed to me to be errors of fact, distortions, or incomplete pictures, I cite sources to complete the story, to help authors, of the other efforts, address gaps in their presentations.  So in addition to my summary observations on many Scribd info sources about Drones, I also try to provide a road map to other sources I have found, relevant to the picture(s) painted by these Scribd reports.  Also see Drone Notes, which contained this same kind of research material, before I started the Drone Scribd focus. Drone Terms = Glossary of Terminology, Acronyms, Concepts etc. which have come up in my drone research. I have also encountered some parallel tales of alleged official misconduct, which have led to some non-drone content.  By end of 2012, it had grown to over 1,000 acronyms, terms, and concepts defined, relevant to my Drone research, and related National Security topics, so far. For more details, see Al Mac Shared Research section, at end of Drone Notes document, and what is in Drone Log. Drone Research Sharing Sites (3 Jan 31) Many places on the Internet, we must register with the site, to access info there, but some people are nervous about personal info which must sometimes be divulged to do so. In theory, with Google Drive Documents, where I have collection = Drone Info, with my Drone Dates + Issues + Log + Nations + Notes + Reports + Robots + Scribd + Terms,459 all you need is the url in my footnote link, to get at my Drone Info460 Google collection, which also includes many official documents from government and other sources. 458 459 http://www.documento.com/collections/3807680/Drone-Info at http://www.documento.com/AlMac99 https://docs.google.com/folder/d/0B9euafJH4b-ZLWR0bmZLS3d5OVk/edit 460 Google Drive Document Collection = Drone Info: https://docs.google.com/folder/d/0B9euafJH4b-ZLWR0bmZLS3d5OVk/edit I also have a Google Drive Doc Collection = Disaster Avoidance, where I look into what the heck happened to cause various disasters, various proposals to be better prepared for better response, in many cases I do not yet have all the answers I desire. https://docs.google.com/folder/d/0B9euafJH4bZMTA0YTM0YzktNTI0YS00NjVhLTg5NTItY2RiZjhiM2MzODkw/edit 85 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones 86 Drone Dates Calendar 3/19/2013 11:19:41 AM If you are on Scribd, here you can locate what I have uploaded there so far.461 It includes a spectrum of research into many different topics, not just on Drones. If you are on Linked In, and connected to me: http://www.linkedin.com/in/almacintyre then you could access my Linked In Box Net shared document files, until late 2012 when Linked In had one of their many “improvements” in their eyes, but opposite in eyes of their members. There, I had folders for many topics, including Drone Info. That folder contains my Drone Dates + Issues + Nations + Notes + Reports + Robots + Scribd + Terms. Within the Linked In Box Net Drone Info folder, I had Drone Sources sub-folder, with copies of various official documents from my collection. I have a growing collection of documents on drones downloaded from a multitude of official sources. I have not uploaded all the same ones to all the above collections, for various reasons. For some the copy-right permission to re-share them is murky. Some I have not yet studied, may adjust their naming after doing so, to make the content clearer. The Author of this research, Alister Wm Macintyre, welcomes other people to download copies of Al’s work, but warns that different cited sources have different attribution and copyright restrictions, so care should be followed downstream, in selecting where to reuse the material. Contacting author (2 July 10) When searching for me: Alister William Macintyre = my full name (Wm for middle “initials”) Al Macintyre = name I have used during most of my career Macwheel99 = e-mail handle (Mac-Wheel is a “play” on Surname) Macwheel98 = a few places where they messed up my access as Macwheel99, so I opened new account with this count down. AL MAC = sign-on name – work place computers AlMac99 = user-id – when joining places where function of user-id unclear to new users Here is how to get a hold of me via various social media. https://plus.google.com/u/0/108007903544513887227/about http://www.linkedin.com/in/almacintyre also on Facebook (may be leaving FB) http://emergencysociety.com/ http://haitirewired.wired.com/profile/AlisterWmMacintyre http://rebuildhaitibetter.ning.com/profile/AlisterWmMacintyre Haiti Research shared with / posted at http://www.haiti.prizm.org/ and http://groups.yahoo.com/group/HaitiDisasterRecoveryResearch/ 461 http://www.documento.com/AlMac99 86 Drone Dates in folder: Studies / Drones