Ich Gcp & Indian Clinical Trial Guideline

Transcript

Good Clinical Practices (GCP) Dr. Ranjeet Prasad (MBA,CCRP,BDS) Agenda • Evolution of GCP. • ICH-GCP. • Differences and Similarities between ICH-GCP , Indian GCP and Schedule-Y • Key Players in Clinical Research and their checklists Evolution • • • • Nuremberg Code, 1947 Declaration of Helsinki, 1964 → 2001 ICH GCP guidelines, 1996 Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research in Human Subjects (ICMR), 2000 • GCP Guidelines, CDSCO, New Delhi, 2001 ICH-GCP-Introduction • Good Clinical Practices (GCP) is an international ethical & scientific quality standard for designing, conducting, recording & reporting trials that involve the participation of human subjects. • Compliance with this standard provides public assurance that rights, safety & well being of trial subjects are protected, consistent with the principles that have their origin in the declaration of Helsinki, and that the clinical trial data are credible ICH GCP- Objective • To provide a unified standard for the EU, Japan & the US to facilitate the mutual acceptance of clinical data by regulatory authorities in these jurisdictions • Should be followed when generating data that are intended to be submitted to regulatory authorities (only then??) ICH GCP-Section 1 Section 1- Glossary of various terms, eg... • Adverse drug reaction & Adverse Event • Case report form & Clinical Study Report • Coordinating Committee & Contract Research Organization • Independent Ethics Committee & Institutional Review Board • Investigator & Investigator’s Brochure ICH GCP-Section 1 Cont… • • • • • • • Monitoring & Monitoring report Protocol & Protocol Amendment Serious Adverse Event Source data & Source documents Sponsor & Sponsor investigator Standard Operating Procedures Vulnerable subjects ICH GCP-Section 2 Section 2- Principles of ICH-GCP. 2.1 Clinical Trials should be conducted in accordance with the ethical principles consistent with GCP and applicable regulatory requirements 2.2 Before a trial is initiated, forseeable risks & inconveniences should be weighed against anticipated benefit for the trial subject & society. ICH GCP-Section 2 Cont.. 2.3 The rights, safety, and well being of the trial subjects are the most important considerations & should prevail over interests of science and society 2.4 The available nonclinical & clinical information on an investigational product should be adequate support the proposed clinical trial. 2.5Clinical trials should be scientifically sound, and described in a clear, detailed protocol. ICH GCP-Section 2 Cont.. 2.6 Trial should be conducted in compliance with the protocol that has received prior institutional review board (IRB)/ independent ethics committee (IEC) approval/favourable opinion. 2.7 The medical care and medical decisions for subjects should be the responsibility of a qualified physician 2.8 Each individual involved in conducting a trial should be qualified by education, training & experience to perform his respective task ICH GCP-Section 2 Cont.. 2.9 Freely given informed consent should be obtained from every subject prior to clinical trial participation 2.10 All clinical information should be recorded, handled, and stored in a way that allows its accurate reporting, interpretation and verification 2.11 The confidentiality of records that could identify patients should be protected, respecting the privacy and confidentiality rules in accordance with the applicable regulatory requirements ICH GCP-Section 2 Cont.. 2.12 Investigational products should be manufactured, handled and stored in accordance with applicable GMP, and used in accordance with the protocol 2.13 Systems with procedures that assure the quality of every aspect of the trial should be implemented ICH-GCP-Section 3 Institutional Review Boards/ Independent Ethics Committee Section 3.1: IRB/IEC Responsibilities • Should safeguard the rights, safety & well being of all trial subjects. • Should obtains following Documents: Protocol & their amendments, Patient Information sheet & consent form, subject recruitment procedures (e.g. advertisements), Investigator's Brochure (IB), available safety information, information about payments and compensation available to subjects, the investigator’s current curriculum vitae and/or other documentation evidencing qualifications, and any other documents that the IRB/IEC may need to fulfil its responsibilities Section 3.1: IRB/IEC Responsibilities Cont.. • should conduct continuing review of each ongoing trial at intervals appropriate to the degree of risk to human subjects, but at least once per year. • Review Protocol/ ICD/ recruitment procedures/ IB/payments • Continuing review for Ongoing Progress/Adverse events Section 3.2: IRB/IEC Composition • • • • • • At least 5 members At least one non scientific member At least one independent member Maintain list of members and qualifications Only independent members to vote Quorum to be present Section 3.3: Procedures The IRB/IEC should establish, document in writing, and follow its procedures, which should include – – – – – Composition Meeting Scheduling & conduct Specify that trial starts only after IRB review Specify regarding changes in protocol Specify prompt reporting of adverse events Section 3.4: Records • The IRB/IEC should retain all relevant records (e.g., written procedures, membership lists, lists of occupations/affiliations of members, submitted documents, minutes of meetings, and correspondence) for a period of at least 3 years after completion of the trial and make them available upon request from the regulatory authority(ies). • The IRB/IEC may be asked by investigators, sponsors or regulatory authorities to provide its written procedures and membership lists. ICH-GCP: Section 4 Investigator Section 4.1 Investigator qualifications & Agreements • Qualified (documented) by education, training & experience to assume responsibility for proper trial conduct • Should be familiar with the appropriate use of the investigational product, IB, and other information provided by sponsor • Should be aware of, & should comply with, GCP and the applicable regulatory requirements • Should permit monitoring, auditing and inspection • Delegation of duties to appropriately qualified persons Section 4.2: Adequate Resources • • • • Potential for recruitment Sufficient time for trial conduct and completion Staff, facilities Ensure training to staff Section 4.3: Medical care of trial subjects • Qualified physician investigator/sub investigator for the trial, should be responsible for all trial related medical decisions • Adequate medical care during and after trail participation • Make reasonable efforts ascertaining for premature withdrawal from trial Section 4.4: Communication with IRB • Written & dated approval for trial protocol, ICD, recruitment procedures etc prior to trial initiation • Should provide latest copies of IB to IRB • Should provide all relevant documents for review during trial Section 4.5: Compliance with Protocol • Should conduct trial in accordance with the protocol version agreed & documented by the sponsor, IRB and regulatory authority • No changes allowed in the protocol except in case of immediate hazard to the patient; which should be submitted to all immediately Section 4.6: Investigational Product • • • • Responsible for accountability at site May be assigned to pharmacist/individual Stored as specified by sponsor or regulatory authority Used only in accordance with the protocol Section 4.7: Randomization Procedures and unblinding • Should follow the trial’s randomization procedure • Any premature unblinding to be explained to sponsor Section 4.8: Informed Consent • Comply with regulatory requirement, GCP and ethical principles • Documented Communication of revised ICD to IRB and patient • No influence or coercion to participate • Subject or their legal representative should be fully informed in their own language • Non technical language Section 4.8: Informed Consent cont.. • Ample time for consent and opportunity for questions • Impartial witness for illiterate patients • Subject should receive a copy of the signed and dated ICD/ amendment Section 4.9 :Records and reports • Should ensure accuracy, completeness, legibility and timeliness of data to sponsor in CRF • Correction in CRF should be signed, dated • Maintain trial related documents • Financial agreements in place • Access to records by monitor, regulatory agency or auditors • Progress reports to IRB Section 4.10 :Progress reports • The investigator should submit written summaries of the trial status to the IRB/IEC annually, or more frequently, if requested by the IRB/IEC. • The investigator should promptly provide written reports to the sponsor, the IRB/IEC (see 3.3.8) and, where applicable, the institution on any changes significantly affecting the conduct of the trial, and/or increasing the risk to subjects Section 4.11:Safety Reporting • SAE should be reported immediately to sponsor, and timely as required to IRB/regulatory agency • Adverse events and/or laboratory abnormalities identified in the protocol as critical to safety evaluations should be reported to the sponsor according to the reporting requirements and within the time periods specified by the sponsor in the protocol. • For reported deaths, the investigator should supply the sponsor and the IRB/IEC with any additional requested information (e.g., autopsy reports and terminal medical reports). Section 4.12: Premature termination of trial If the trial is prematurely terminated or suspended for any reason , Investigator : • Should inform subjects • Should assure therapy and follow up • Should inform regulatory authorities • Should inform sponsor/IRB with explanation Section 4.13: Final Report • Upon completion, should inform institution, IRB, and regulatory authorities with a summary of the trial’s outcome ICH-GCP: Section 5 Sponsor Responsibilities Sponsor • An individual, company, institution, or organization which takes responsibility for the initiation, management, and/or financing of a clinical trial Section 5.1: Quality Assurance & Quality Control • Implementing & maintaining QA and QC systems with written SOPs to ensure GCP compliance • Securing agreements from all sites for monitoring, auditing, and inspections • QC of data handling • Payment agreements Section 5.2: CRO A person or an organization (commercial, academic, or other) contracted by the sponsor to perform one or more of a sponsor’s trial related duties and functions • Sponsor may transfer all or some duties to CRO • Ultimate responsibility for quality lies with the sponsor • Document of all duty delegation required Sponsor Responsibilities • Designate Medical Expertise :who will be readily available to advise on trial related medical questions or problems. (Section 5.3) • Trial design (Section.5.4), Trial management, Data handling and Record Keeping (Section 5.5) and Investigator selection (Section 5.6), Allocation of Responsibilities (Section 5.7) • Compensation to Subjects and Investigators (Section 5.8), Financing (Section 5.9) • Submission to regulatory authorities (Section 5.10) • Confirmation of review by IRBs (Section5.11) Sponsor Responsibilities Cont…. • Information on investigational product (Section 5.12) • Manufacturing, labeling, packaging & coding of product (Section 5.13) • Supplying and Handling Investigational Product(s) (Section 5.14) and Record Assess (Section 5.15) • Safety Evaluation (Section 5.16) and Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting (Section 5.17) • Monitoring (Section 5.18) Monitoring • The act of overseeing the progress of a clinical trial, and of ensuring that it is conducted, recorded, and reported in accordance with the protocol, SOPs, GCP, and the applicable regulatory requirements Sponsor Responsibilities Cont…. • Audit (Section 5.19) • Noncompliance (Section 5.20) • Premature Termination or Suspension of a Trial (Section5.21) • Multicentre Trials (Section 5.22) ICH-GCP: Section 6 CLINICAL TRIAL PROTOCOL AND PROTOCOL AMENDMENT(S) Protocol • • • • Document describing all aspects of the study Well designed and thoroughly considered Well structured Complete Protocol- Relevant components • • • • • • • • General Information (Section 6.1) Background Information (Section 6.2) Trial Objectives and Purpose (Section 6.3) Trial Design (Section 6.4) Selection and Withdrawal of Subjects (Section 6.5) Treatment of Subjects (Section 6.6) Assessment of Efficacy (Section 6.7) Assessment of safety (Section 6.8) Protocol- Relevant components Cont… • • • • • • • • Statistics (Section 6.9) Direct Access to Source Data/Documents (Section 6.10) Quality Control and Quality Assurance (section 6.11) Ethics (section 6.12) Data handling & management (Section 6.13) Financing and Insurance (Section 6.14) Publication Policy (Section 6.15) Supplements (Section 6.16) Sec 6.1: Protocol- General Information • Protocol Title, identifying number & date. Amendment number • Contact names, addresses • Name and title of Authorized signatory • Contact medical expert • Contact investigator(s) • Institution(s), Laboratories, department contact Sec. 6.2:Protocol- Objective & Justification • • • • • • Aims & objectives, phase of study Name & description of Inv product Summary of non clinical & clinical studies Summary of risks & benefits Description of route of administration, dosage Statement of GCP compliance Sec 6.4: Protocol- Trial Design • • • • • • • Primary & secondary endpoints Randomized/comparator/blinded/open, placebo controlled Blinding technique(double blind/single blind) Randomization(method & procedure) Diagram of design, procedure & stages Medications permitted & not permitted during study Description of study treatments, dose, route during study conduct • Packing/labeling description • Duration of subject participation & sequence of all study periods, including follow up Sec 6.4: Protocol- Trial Design Cont…. • • • • Proposed date of initiation of study Discontinuation criteria for subjects Instructions on suspending or terminating the study Procedures for monitoring compliance Sec 6.5: Selection and Withdrawal of Subjects Inclusion/ Exclusion criteria: • Specifications of the subjects to be included (age, gender, ethnic groups, prognostic factors, diagnostic criteria) • Specify exclusion criteria • Subject withdrawal criteria & procedures Sec 6.7: Protocol-Assessment of Efficacy • • • • • • • • Specifications of efficacy parameters Descriptions of how these are measured and recorded Time & periodicity of recording Description of special analysis/ tests (PK, clinical, lab, radiology) Specifications of safety parameters Procedures for eliciting reports of and reporting ADR Time &method of recording Type, duration of follow up after adverse events) Sec 6.9: Protocol- Statistics • • • • • Description of statistical methods employed Timing of interim analysis, if any Details of enrollment plan Significance level, power Procedures for reporting any deviations from the original statistical plan • Selection of subjects to be included in final analysis Sec 6.10: Direct Access to Source Data/Documents • The sponsor should ensure that it is specified in the protocol or other written agreement that the investigator(s)/institution(s) will permit trial-related monitoring, audits, IRB/IEC review, and regulatory inspection(s), providing direct access to source data/documents Sec 6.11: Protocol- QC & QA • • • • Steps & procedures for monitoring study Instructions for protocol deviations Allocation of duties & responsibilities within research teams Quality control of methods & evaluation procedures Sec 6.12:Protocol- Ethical considerations • Description of how patients/volunteers would be informed Sec 6.13: Protocol-Data Handling and Record Keeping • Procedures for handling & processing records of effects and adverse events • Handling of Products: – Safe handling and storage measures – System to be followed for labelling – Labeling specifications Sec. 6.14: Protocol- Finance & insurance • • • • • Budget, financial aspects Sources of economic support Subject payments Reimbursement to team members Insurance details of study subjects ICH-GCP: Section 7 Informed Consent Section 7: Investigator Brochure-Introduction • Compilation of the clinical and nonclinical data on the investigational product that are relevant to the study of the products in human subjects Sec 7: Investigator Brochure: Contents • Introduction  Definition  Purpose  Information form  Edition  Type & extent  Review & revise  Up-date • General consideration • Contents of the IB • Conclusion ICH-GCP: Section 8 ESSENTIAL DOCUMENTS FOR THE CONDUCT OF A CLINICAL TRIAL Sec 8: Essential Documents -Introduction • Essential Documents are those documents which individually and collectively permit evaluation of the conduct of a trial and the quality of the data produced. • These documents serve to demonstrate the compliance of the investigator, sponsor and monitor with the standards of Good Clinical Practice and with all applicable regulatory requirements Essential Documents to be Kept before Trial Commences  Investigators Brochure  Signed protocols, amendments (if any) and sample CRF  Information given to the trial subjects  Informed Consent  Applicable translations of informed consent (if any)  Any other written information  Advertisements for subject recruitment  Subject compensation  Financial aspects of the trial  Compensation document for trial-related injury  Signed agreements of all involved parties  Investigator and sponsor  Investigator and CRO (if any)  Investigator/institution and regulatory authorities (if any)  Approval letter from the IRB  IRB Composition  Authorization or notification from the regulatory agencies (where required) Essential Documents to be Kept before Trial Commences  CV of investigator and sub-investigators evidencing qualifications  Normal values of labs /technical procedures included in the protocol  Medical/laboratory and technical procedures of tests  Certification  Accreditation  Established Quality control (QC assessments)  Other validations  Sample labels attached to investigational product containers  Instructions for handling investigational products and trial-related materials (sometimes this information is included in the investigator’s brochure)  Shipping records of investigational products and trial-related materials  Certificates of analysis of investigational products shipped  Decoding procedures for blinded trials  Master randomization list  Pretrial monitoring report  Trail initiation monitoring report Essential Documents to be Kept During the Trial  Investigator’s brochure updates  Any revisions to:  Protocol, amendments and CRF  Informed consent form  Written information provided to subjects/LAR  Advertisement  Dated, IRB approved documents of:  Protocol amendments  Revisions of informed consent, information to subjects/LAR  Advertisements and any other documents given  Continuing review of trial  Dated Regulatory approved documents of:  Authorizations and notifications  Protocol amendments and other documents Essential Documents to be Kept During the Trial  Curriculum Vitae of new investigators and sub-investigators  Updates to normal value(s) range(s) for medical lab technical procedure(s), test(s) included in the protocol  Updates on medical/laboratory/technical procedure tests  Certificates  Accreditation  Established quality control/external quality assessment  Other validations  Documentation of investigational products and trial-related materials shipment  Certificate(s) of analysis for new batches of investigational products  Monitoring visit reports  Relevant communications other than site visits (Letters, meeting notes and notes of telephone calls)  Signed informed consent forms  Source documents  Signed, dated and completed CRF  Documentation of CRF Corrections Essential Documents to be Kept During the Trial  Notification by the originating investigator to sponsor of serious adverse evens and related reports  Notification by investigator (if applicable) to regulatory authorities and IRB of unexpected serious adverse reactions and of other safety information  Notification by sponsor to investigators of safety information  Subject screening log  Subject identification code list  Subject enrolling log  Investigational product(s) accountability at the sire  Signature sheet  Record of retained body fluids/tissue samples (if any) Essential Documents to be Kept After Completion or Termination of the Trial  Investigational product(s) accountability at sire  Documentation of investigational product(s) destruction  Completed subject identification code list (to permit identification of all subjects enrolled in the trial in case of follow up is required – this information should be kept in a confidential manner and for agreed period of time)  Audit certificate (if required)  Final trial close-out monitoring report  Treatment allocation and decoding documentation returned to sponsor to document any decoding that may have occurred  Final report by investigator to IRB where required  Final report by investigator to regulatory authorities where applicable to document completion of the trial  Clinical study report to document results and interpretation Differences and similarities between ICH-GCP and Indian GCP Indian GCP :Dec 2001 Expert Committee set up by Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) in consultation with clinical expert has formulated this GCP guideline • Drug Technical Advisory Board (DTAB), the highest technical body under D&C, Act, has endorsed adoption of this GCP guideline for streamlining the clinical studies in India • These guidelines have been evolved with consideration of WHO, ICH, USFDA and European GCP guidelines as well as the Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical research on Human Subjects issued 70 by the Indian Council of Medical Research. STRUCTURE ICH E6 • • • • • • • • Glossary Principles IRB/IEC Investigator Sponsor Protocol Investigators’ Brochure Essential Documents • • • • • • • • Indian GCP Definitions Pre-requisites Responsibilities Records & Data Quality Assurance Statistics Special Concerns Appendices 71 GCP - A Shared Responsibility Sponsor Investigator Regulatory Authority Ethics Committee 72 GCP IMPLEMENTATION Want to Attitude Performance Knowledge What to Why to Skills How to 73 Schedule Y DRUGS AND COSMETICS (IIND AMENDMENT) RULES, 2005 NOTIFICATION the 20th January, 2005 • Amendment to Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 • Enacted by Parliament in the Fifty-sixth year of Republic of India •Published in the Gazette of India Part-II, section 3, sub-section (i) vide G.S.R. 32(E), dated 20th January, 2005 74 Schedule Y Regulation and guidelines for permission to import and / or manufacture of new drugs for sale or to undertake clinical trials It has outlined extensive study criteria in line with the globally accepted formats such as ICH and US FDA guidelines REFER TO RULES 122A, 122B, 122D, 122DA, 122DAA and 122E 75 122-A : Application for permission to import new drug 122-B : Application for approval to manufacture new drug 122-D: Permission to import or manufacture FDC 122-DA : Permission to conduct clinical trials for New Drug / Investigational New Drug 122-DAA : Clinical trial 122-E:New drug 76 List of Appendices For Schedule Y Appendix I Data to be submitted along with the application to conduct clinical trials / import / manufacture of new drugs for marketing in the country. Appendix II Structure, contents & format for clinical study reports Appendix IV Animal pharmacology Appendix VI Fixed Dose Combinations (Fdcs) Appendix I-A Data required to be submitted by an applicant for grant of permission to import &/or manufacture a new drug already approved in the country. Appendix III Animal toxicology (non-clinical toxicity studies) Appendix V Informed Consent Appendix VII Undertaking by the Investigator Appendix VIII Ethics Committee Appendix X Contents Of The Proposed Protocol For Conducting Clinical Trials Appendix IX Stability Testing Of New Drugs Appendix XI 78 Data Elements For Reporting Serious Adverse Events Occurring In A Clinical Trial. INFORMED CONSENT PROCESS ICH GCP Indian GCP Schedule-Y •Investigator should sign the form.(Appendix V) •Any one designated •Investigator should by the investigator to sign the form. (2.4.3.1) conduct and to sign the consent form.(4.8.8) 79 ESSENTIAL ITEMS FOR INFORMED CONSENT ICH GCP •Not Explained Indian GCP •cover issues of biological samples. (2.4.3.2) Schedule-Y •Not Detailed ETHICS COMMITTEE COMPOSITION ICH GCP • At least 5 members. •At least 1 member nonscientific area. •Quorum members number not detailed. Indian GCP Schedule-Y •Fairly small (5-7 members). •At least 7 members. •Not Explained •Not Explained. •The quorum should have a •The quorum should minimum of 5 members. have at least 5 members. •Maximum number is not •12 to 15 is the maximum •Maximum number is detailed. recommended number. not detailed. •Not recommended. •Member Secretary belongs •Not recommended. to the same Institution. DRUG LABEL ICH GCP •Not Explained Indian GCP Schedule-Y •Should include name •Not Explained and contact numbers of investigator and name of institution. (2.3.1.6) DOCUMENT RETENTION ICH GCP Indian GCP •The records are •Study related linked to marketing documents/materials approval should be safe guarded by the sponsor for 3 years. (3.1.5) Schedule-Y •Not Explained POWERS OF IEC ICH GCP •It is the responsibility of independent datamonitoring committee (IDMC) Indian GCP Schedule-Y •IEC has power to •Not Explained order discontinuation of a trial if goals of the trial have already been achieved or unequivocal results obtained. (2.4.2.6) STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ICH GCP •Expects the investigator to comply with the protocol and leaves the task of monitoring compliance to SOPs to monitors and auditors. Indian GCP •Mandates that the sponsor and the investigator should sign a copy of the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). (3.1.3) Schedule-Y •Not Explained INVESTIGATOR’S QUALIFICATION ICH GCP •Not Recommended Indian GCP •Should be qualified as per the requirement of the Medical Council of India (MCI). (3.3.1) Schedule-Y •Not Explained Key Players in Clinical Research and their checklists Players in Clinical Research • • • • Investigators Sponsors Regulatory agency Ethics Committee Investigator’s checklist - 1 • Interest, expertise, time and facilities • Interaction with sponsor – Protocol, CRF, PIS and ICF – Financial grant – Publication policy • Interaction with ethics committee – Presentation and defense of protocol – Compliance with conditions of approval Investigator’s checklist - 2 • Implementation – Organizing, briefing and supervising the team – Facilitating informed consent process – Completing and signing CRFs – Reporting SAE – Interacting with monitor – Reviewing and approving final report – Archiving source documents – Preparing for audit and/or inspection Sponsor’s checklist - 1 • Scientific, regulatory and ethical basis of the protocol, PIS and ICF • Investigator’s qualifications, training and experience • Regulatory and ethical approvals • Publication policy • Quality of trial supplies • Initiation, monitoring and audit Sponsor’s checklist - 2 • • • • Data management and analysis Drafting of study report Preparation for inspection Archives of source documents Regulator’s checklist • Periodic review of current regulations from scientific and ethical angles • Advance consultation to sponsors on protocols – Efficacy and safety criteria – Comparator product • Advisory panels for review of applications and decision making • Inspection of investigational centers Ethics Committee’s checklist - 1 • Need for trial • Scientific aspects of protocol with ethical implications – Participants • Number • Healthy volunteers or patients • Vulnerable persons Ethics Committee’s checklist - 2 – Treatment • Withdrawal of current treatment • Assignment of placebo • Dosage and route – Assessment of response • Nature and frequency • Invasive or non-invasive • Total blood drawn Ethics Committee’s checklist - 3 • Ethical aspects of protocol – Information and consent form • Content and language • Risks and benefits • Compensation or other payments • Insurance for study-related injury • Treatment after study • Regulatory approval