Transcript
ADVANCED LOAD RUNNER TRAINING
techVista Consulting Pvt. Ltd.
Why Load Test An Application
Does the application respond quickly enough for the intended users? Will the application handle the expected user load and beyond? Will the application handle the number of transactions required by the business? Is the application stable under expected and unexpected user loads?
Functional vs. Load Web Testing
Functional test
OBJECTIVE Functionality EXAMPLE Do business processes function properly after implementation?
Load test
OBJECTIVE Stability Performance
EXAMPLE Will 2,000 concurrent hits crash the server? Is response time acceptable according to specifications? Do business processes function properly under heavy load?
Functionality under load
Types of Performance Testing
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Component Testing Load Testing
Find the behavior and performance of each tier.
Stress Testing
Find out whether the system can handle the expected load upon deployment under real-world conditions. Find the application's breaking point. Apply testing that measures whether the application's environment is properly configured to handle expected or potentially unexpected high transaction volumes.
Volume Testing
Find the stability of the system with respect to handling large amounts of data over extended time periods.
Objectives of Performance Testing
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Application Response Time Reliability Configuration Sizing Capacity Planning Acceptance Bottleneck Identification Regression Product Evaluation
How long does it take to complete a task? How Stable is the system under a heavy work load? Which configuration provides the best performance level? At what point does degradation in performance occur? Is the system stable enough to go into Production? What is the cause of degradation in performance? Does the new version of Software adversely affect response time? What is the best server for 100 users?
Manual Testing Is Problematic
All of you, click the GO button again
Do you have the testing resources? Testing personnel Client machines How do you synchronize users? How do you collect and analyze results? How do you achieve test repeatability?
Coordinator
Analysis?
Testers
Web server
Database server
Load Generation
System Under Test
The LoadRunner Solution
Overcomes resource limitations Replaces testers with ³Virtual Users´ Runs many Vusers on few machines Controller manages the Vusers Meaningful results with analysis tools Repeats tests with scripted actions
Controller
Analysis
Vuser host
Web server
Database server
Load Generation
System Under Test
Load Testing Tools Available
LoadRunner : HP (Formerly Mercury Interactive) e-Load :Emprix Silk Performer : Borland (Seague) QALoad : Compuware Rational Performance Tester : IBM Rational Web Load : Radview Neo Load : Neotys Open STA : Open Source.
Introduction to Load Runner
Load Runner is a Mercury Interactive Tool that predicts performance and behavior of the system By creating lots of load, you can see how the system reacts at peak levels or with simultaneous Users To test the application, LoadRunner emulates an environment where multiple users work concurrently. While the application is under load, LoadRunner accurately measures and analyzes the system performance, and its functionality
Supporting Environments
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Application Deployment Solution - The Citrix protocol.
Client/Server - MS SQL, ODBC, Oracle Web Applications 11i, DB2 CLI,
Sybase Ctlib, Sybase Dblib, Windows Sockets, and DNS protocols.
Custom - C templates, Visual Basic templates, Java templates,
Javascript, and VBScript type scripts.
Distributed Components - COM/DCOM, Corba-Java, and Rmi-Java
protocols.
E-Business - FTP, LDAP, Palm, Web (HTTP/HTML), Web Services, and
the dual Web/Winsocket protocols.
Enerprise Java Beans -EJB Testing and RMI-Java protocols. ERP/CRM - Baan, Oracle NCA, Peoplesoft 8, Peoplesoft-Tuxedo, SAPWeb, SAPGUI, SAPGUI/SAP-Web dual, and Siebel (Siebel-DB2 CLI, Siebel-MSSQL, Siebel-Web, and Siebel-Oracle) protocols.
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Supporting Environments
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Legacy
Terminal Emulation (RTE).
Mailing Services
Internet Messaging (IMAP), MS Exchange (MAPI), POP3, and SMTP.
Streaming
MediaPlayer and RealPlayer protocols.
Wireless
i-Mode, VoiceXML, and WAP protocols.
Clients
Internet/ Intranet
Web Servers
App. Database Servers Server
Supporting Environments
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Platforms
NT, 2000, XP Sun HP IBM Linux
The LoadRunner Solution
Virtual User Generator Creates Scripts as one Single User.
LoadRunner Controller
Generates load and collects test results Compiles and displays test results with graphical and statistical tools
LoadRunner Analysis
LoadRunner Terminology
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Scenarios
Using LoadRunner, you divide your application performance testing
requirements into scenarios. A scenario defines the events that occur during each testing sessions. For example, a scenario defines and controls the number of users to emulate, the actions that they perform, and the machines on which they run their emulations.
Vusers
In a scenario, LoadRunner replaces human users with virtual users or
Vusers. When you run a scenario, Vusers emulate the actions of human users³submitting input to the server. A scenario can contain tens, hundreds, or even thousands of Vusers.
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LoadRunner Terminology
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Vuser Scripts
The actions that a Vuser performs during the scenario are
described in a Vuser script. When you run a scenario, each Vuser executes a Vuser script. Vuser scripts include functions that measure and record the performance of the server during the scenario.
Transactions
To measure the performance of the server, you define transactions. Transactions measure the time that it takes for the server to
respond to tasks submitted by Vusers.
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LoadRunner Terminology
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Rendezvous Points
You insert rendezvous points into Vuser scripts to emulate heavy user load
on the server. Rendezvous points instruct multiple Vusers to perform tasks at exactly the same time. For example, to emulate peak load on the bank server, you insert a rendezvous point to instruct 100 Vusers to simultaneously deposit cash into their accounts.
Controller
You use the LoadRunner Controller to manage and maintain your scenarios. Using the Controller, you control all the Vusers in a scenario from a single
workstation.
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LoadRunner Terminology
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Hosts
When you execute a scenario, the LoadRunner Controller distributes
each Vuser in the scenario to a host. The host is the machine that executes the Vuser script, enabling the Vuser to emulate the actions of a human user.
Performance Analysis
Vuser scripts include functions that measure and record system
performance during load-testing sessions. During a scenario run, you can monitor the network and server resources. Following a scenario run, you can view performance analysis data in reports and graphs.
LoadRunner Components
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Tuning
VuGen LoadRunner
Controller
Analysis
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Components of LoadRunner 8.0
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VuGen (Virtual User Generator) ² records
Vuser Scripts that emulate the steps of real Users using the application
The Controller is an administrative center for creating, maintaining, and executing scenarios. Starts and stops load tests, and perform other Administrative tasks
Contd«.
Components of LoadRunner 8.0
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LR Analysis uses the load test results to create graphs and
reports that are used to correlate system information and identify both bottlenecks and performance issues. helps you quickly isolate and resolve performance bottlenecks. By adding a centralized tuning console to LoadRunner, the Mercury Tuning Module ensures that performance bottlenecks are resolved during testing, and helps you determine the optimized configuration settings for production.
Tuning
How LoadRunner Works ?
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LoadRunner Expert Workflow ´The Big Pictureµ
Phase 1
Plan Load Test
Phase 2
Create Web Virtual Users
Phase 3
Create Scenarios
Phase 4 Run Scenarios
Phase 5 Analyze System Under Load Tune System Based on Analysis
LoadRunner
VUGEN
LoadRunner
CONTR OLLE R& ANALYS I S
Plan Load Test
Identify Business Critical Scenarios. Scenario means a manual work flow. Ex: Login Open an Account Logout. Estimate User Load Performance Testing requirements will give an idea of users load or the number of users using the product. This will determine the load to be used against the product in testing. Work Load: Ex: 100 user Running together. Of this 60 users book a Browse a website. 30 users search a product and 10 users buy the Product.
What is Virtual User (Vuser) ?
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Virtual users or Vusers emulate the steps of real users. The steps that Vusers perform are recorded in a Vuser Script.
What is VuGen (Virtual User Generator) ?
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VuGen records Vuser Scripts that emulate the steps of real users using the application VuGen not only records Vuser scripts, but also runs them. Running scripts from VuGen is useful for debugging VuGen records sessions on Windows platforms only. However, a recorded Vuser script can run on both Windows and UNIX platform.
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Process of Recording Script
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Record a basic script Enhance the basic script by adding the control-flow statements and other Mercury API functions into the Script Configure the Run-time settings Verify that the script runs correctly, run it in stand-alone mode Integrate into your test : a LoadRunner scenario, Performance Center load test, Tuning module session, Business process monitor profile
VuGen
What We can Do? Set up recording options Record the scripts Add Comments Insert Start and End Transactions Perform Correlation Add Checks Add C programming Statements wherever required. Insert Load Runner Functions if required. Do Parameterization. Add Rendezvous Point Create Multiple actions If required. Perform Run Time Settings
Welcome Screen - VuGen
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Single Protocol Script
Multiple Protocol Script
Creates a single protocol Vuser script. This is the default option
Creates a multiple protocol Vuser script. VuGen displays all of the available protocols and allows you to specify which protocols to record
Vuser Script Sections
Each Vuser script contains at least three sections:
vuser_init one or more Actions and vuser_end.
Script Section vuser_init Actions vuser_end
Used when recording... a login to a server client activity a logoff procedure
Is executed when... the Vuser is initialized (loaded) the Vuser is in "Running" status the Vuser finishes or is stopped
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VuGen Editor
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Recording Your Application
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Click the Start Recording Button For most Client / Server protocols, the following Screen opens
Recording Tool Bar (Floating Tool Bar)
Ending and Saving a Recording Session
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To complete the recording: After you record a typical business process, you complete the recording session by performing the closing steps of your business process and saving the Vuser script. Switch to the vuser_end section in the floating toolbar, and perform the log off or cleanup procedure. Click the stop Recording button on the recording Tool Bar
Enhancing Vuser Script
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After you record the Vuser Script you can enhance its capabilities by adding functions like
General Vuser Functions
Vuser functions greatly enhance the functionality of any Vuser Script. All general Vuser functions have an LR Prefix Protocol - specific Vuser Functions Library functions used to enhance the script. (LRS - Windows, LRT Tuxedo) Standard ANSI C functions Enhancing the Vuser script by adding general C functions. Like Adding Comments, Control flow statements, and so forth to your Vuser Script
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General
Enhancing Vuser Script
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Inserting Transactions into Vuser Script Inserting Rendezvous point Inserting Comments Obtaining Vuser Information Sending Messages to output Log Messages Lr_log_message Debug Messages Lr_set_debug_message Lr_debug_message Error and Output Messages Lr_error_message Lr_output_message
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Enhancing Vuser Script
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Handling errors on Vuser Script during execution (Runtime
settings > Miscellaneous > Error handling)
By default when a Vuser detects an error, the Vuser stops the
execution You can use the lr_continue_on_error function to override the continue on error runtime setting To mark the segment, enclose it with lr_continue_on_error(1); and lr_continue_on_error(0); statements
Synchronizing Vuser Script
Synchronize the execution of Vuser script with the output from your
application Synchronize applies only to RTE Vuser Scripts
Cont«
Enhancing Vuser Script
Emulating User Think Time
The time that a user waits
between performing successive action is known as the Think Time Vuser uses the lr_think_time function to emulate user think time
Vuser > Run-time settings >
Think Time
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Enhancing Vuser Script
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PARAMETERIZING
Enhancing Vuser Script
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Parameterizing
Parameterization involves the following two tasks: Replacing the constant values in the Vuser script with parameters Setting the properties and data source for the parameters Parameterization Limitations You can use parameterization only for the arguments within a function You can·t parameterize text strings that are not function arguments
Cont«
Enhancing Vuser Script
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Creating Parameters
In a script View : Select a string and select replace with parameter from the Right click menu
Type the Name of the parameter in the appropriate box or select from the list Select parameter type from the parameter type list. The available types in the list are Date/Time, file, Group Name, Random number, Unique number, User defined function, or Vuser ID,
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Enhancing Vuser Script
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Vuser >Parameter List (or)
VuGen creates new parameter, but does not automatically replace any selected string in the script
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Enhancing Vuser Script
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Tree View
Script View
Cont«
Enhancing Vuser Script
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Select Next Row
Sequential Random Unique Same line as
Update Value on
Each iteration Instructs the Vuser to use a new value for each script iteration Each occurrence Instructs the Vuser to use a new value for each occurrence of the parameter Once Instructs the Vuser to update the parameter value only once during the execution
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Enhancing Vuser Script
1 3
2
4
DATA WIZARD
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Enhancing Vuser Script
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CORRELATION
Enhancing Vuser Script
Primary reasons for correlating - To Generate dynamic code
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Determine which value to correlate
Using WDiff you can find which string to correlate
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Save the results using Web_reg_save_param and lrs_save_param Replace the Saved variable in your query or in your statements
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Using Correlation in LoadRunner scripts - visual tutorial
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what is LoadRunner correlation and how to perform it. In my humble opinion, correlation is the key concept of LoadRunner. So, strong understanding of correlation is mandatory requirement for any test engineer, if he plans to be LoadRunner professional or even guru :)
Example from a real practice:
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I recorded LoadRunner script for a web server, which contained two special fields timestamp and checksum: web_submit_data("rms.jsp", "Action=http://eprumossd0010:8400/RMS/jsp/rms.jsp", "Method=POST", "RecContentType=text/html", "Referer=http://eprumossd0010:8400/RMS/html/testFramework.html", "Snapshot=t4.inf", "Mode=HTML", ITEMDATA, "Name=TIMESTAMP", "Value=1192177661211", ENDITEM, "Name=CHECKSUM", "Value=715E19300D670ED77773BBF066DAAAE2866484B8", ENDITEM, // others parameters ... LAST);
Every time a client web browser connects to web server, server gets current time stamp, calculates checksum and sends them to client. These two fields are used to identify a current session. In other words, the pair of timestamp+checksum is analog of session ID. The scheme of this interaction is the following:
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Where is the problem? Let's replay the recorded LR script.
The problem occurs when I try to execute my recorded script. Web server checks its current time with a time stamp, sent by client. If client's data is out-of-date or incorrect, then server returns an error: The parameter "CHECKSUM" is not found or has invalid value. There is the scheme for this interaction:
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Client cannot re-use old (i.e. hard-coded) values for times tamp and checksum. It must request new data. So, instead of hard-coded values, LR script should process dynamic data, returned from server. This can be done using a correlation:
The definition of correlation is:
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Correlation is the capturing of dynamic values passed from the server to the client. Correlation can be done with 2 ways. 1. Automatically 2. Manually I will describe auto-correlation in the future posts. For now, I can say that this is not ideal solution. Sometimes, it does not work, or works incorrectly. Manual correlation is a choice of real LoadRunner engineer. It's a kind of "must have" knowledge!
Well, let's start investigating a manual correlation.
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The algorithm of manual correlation is the following:
Find a dynamic value to capture. Find server's response, containing the dynamic value. Capture the dynamic value. Special parameter will be used instead of dynamic value. Replace every occurrence of dynamic value in script with the parameter. Check changes.
Now, I will describe each step in details:
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1. Find a dynamic value to capture
I recommend to record and save two equal VuGen scripts. After that, open menu item "Tools / Compare with Scripts..." and you can compare both recorded scripts in WDiff:
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The differences are highlighted by yellow. This highlighting means that lines (parameters values) change from run to run. So, most probably, these values should be correlated. Tips: Sometimes, comparing of two scripts cannot detect dynamic values. Imagine, that you recorded this script: "Name=SessionID", "Value=A38E9002A41", ENDITEM, "Name=CurrentMonthID", "Value=4", ENDITEM, ... It's obvious, that SessionID should be correlated. What about CurrentMonthID parameter? Second recorded script can contain "Value=4" too. And it's possible, that your script will work correctly during the April (4th month is April), and will not work from 1st May!
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Tips: Look through the source code of recorded script. Timestamp, CheckSum, SessionID, and different IDs - all of they are potential candidates to be correlated. Tips: Check Replay (Execution) log carefully. Errors can be there. The widespread reason of script's errors is an absence of correlations. Tips: Execute your script with enabled run-time viewer (menu "Tools / General Options.. / Display"). Any shown errors ("Page not found", "Session timeout", etc) indicate about potential correlations.
2. Find server's response, containing the dynamic value
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Then execute script. Open Replay (Execution) log and find server's response, which contains dynamic values of TIMESTAMP and CHECKSUM:
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Great! Now we know, where server sends both dynamic values. And we found the step, that returns these values. This is 13th line - Action.c (13). Double click the line, containing timstamp's and checksum's values, 13th line of script will be opened: web_submit_data("generateChecksum.jsp", "Action=http://eprumossd0010:8400/RMS/jsp/generateChecksum.jsp", "Method=POST", "RecContentType=text/html", ... This means that server's response for generateChecksum.jsp page contains dynamic values which should be correlated. you to fine-tune your system during test execution.
3. Capture the dynamic value
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I will show two ways how to capture a dynamic value:
yAutomatic capturing from Tree-view yManual from Script-view These ways are similar enough. Also, they use the same function ± web_reg_save_param.
I start from:
Automatic capturing from Tree-view Open Tree view (menu "View / Tree view"):
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Then:
yclick "View recording snapshot only" btn (2); yselect generateChecksum.jsp page from tree view (3); yselect "Body" to view body of server's response (4).
As result, you will see recorded values of CHECKSUM and TIMESTAMP (5). Now, select value of first dynamic value (checksum), right-click, and select "Create parameter":
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After that you will see the message box:
You can create parameter for dynamic value. If you want to replace all occurrences of dynamic value ("715E19...") in script, press "Yes" btn. To not replace all occurrences, press "No" btn. Tips: I recommend to not replace all occurrences of dynamic value. It can lead to incorrect results. It's more preferable to replace occurrences one by one with "Search and Replace" dlg.
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OK, I click "No" btn Return to Script-view ("View / Script View") and see changes. There are new lines, inserted before generateChecksum.jsp page: // [WCSPARAM WCSParam_Text1 40 715E19300D670ED77773BBF066DAAAE2866484B8] Parameter {WCSParam_Text1} created by Correlation Studio web_reg_save_param("WCSParam_Text1", "LB=window.parent.setChecksum(\"", "RB=\"", "Ord=1", "RelFrameId=1", "Search=Body", "IgnoreRedirections=Yes", LAST);
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web_reg_save_param function finds and saves a text string from the next server's response. In other words, it captures a dynamic value. In this example, web_reg_save_param function will save the captured value into WCSParam_Text1 parameter. The function finds the left boundary (window.parent.setChecksum(") and after that it finds the right boundary ("). The string, found between left and right boundaries, will be saved to WCSParam_Text1 parameter. Ord attribute indicates the ordinal position of captured value. In the example (Ord=1), we capture the value between first left boundary and left one. Easy to guess, that "Search=Body" means search in a body of server's response. I recommend to study Help on web_reg_save_param function. Note: the capturing of TIMESTAMP parameter is similar. It generates the following code:
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// [WCSPARAM WCSParam_Text2 13 1192177661211] Parameter {WCSParam_Text2} created by Correlation Studio web_reg_save_param("WCSParam_Text2", "LB=, ", "RB=)", "Ord=1", "RelFrameId=1", "Search=Body", "IgnoreRedirections=Yes", LAST); Manual capturing from Script-view. Actually, this method consists in a manual writing of web_reg_save_param function. It requires strong knowledge on this function and its parameters. There are many attributes of web_reg_save_param function, and I do not want to duplicate HP's Help :)
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Tips: I recommend to rename default parameter (WCSParam_Text1, 2, 3, etc) to something sensible. For example, in my example - I would prefer prmCheckSum and prmTimeStamp to WCSParam_Text1 and WCSParam_Text2.
4. Replace every occurrence of dynamic value in script with the parameter
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This is not difficult step. Open "Search and Replace" dlg ("Edit / Replace..."). And replace one-by-one hard-coded values with a parameter. Why it is important? Imagine, that you have the following code: web_submit_data("somepage", ... "Name=OrderNumber", "Value=125", ENDITEM, "Name=UserID", "Value=125",
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If you create parameter for UserID, and perform replacing of all occurrences of its value ("125"), then it will produce the code: web_submit_data("somepage", ... "Name=OrderNumber", "Value={WCSParam_Text1}", ENDITEM, "Name=UserID", "Value={WCSParam_Text1}", It may be wrong! OrderNumber can be static value and be equal to 125, while UserID may change. Now, I assume that you replace all needed occurrences of hard-coded values. We have to perform last step:
5. Check changes
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After above manipulations, our script will look like: web_submit_data("rms.jsp", "Action=http://eprumossd0010:8400/RMS/jsp/rms.jsp", "Method=POST", "RecContentType=text/html", "Referer=http://eprumossd0010:8400/RMS/html/testFramework.html", "Snapshot=t4.inf", "Mode=HTML", ITEMDATA, "Name=TIMESTAMP", "Value={WCSParam_Text2}", ENDITEM, "Name=CHECKSUM", "Value={WCSParam_Text1}", ENDITEM, // others parameters ... LAST);
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The statement "{WCSParam_Text1}" means "get value of WCSParam_Text1 parameter". So, current algorithm is:
ywhen server returns different values of CheckSum and TimeStamp ythen web_submit_data captures and places them into WCSParam_Text1 and WCSParam_Text2 parameters yafter that we use {WCSParam_Text1} and {WCSParam_Text2} get current values of parameters and use them in scripts Let's run our modified script and see results of capturing from server's response:
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These are values, which are sent to a server by a client:
You can see that dynamic values are saved to parameters and their values are substituted instead of parameters in scripts. Great! We have just correlated our script and it is working now! Tips: To get/debug a captured value of parameter, use the following statements: lr_output_message("Value of WCSParam_Text1: %s", lr_eval_string("{WCSParam_Text1}")); lr_output_message("Value of WCSParam_Text2: %s", lr_eval_string("{WCSParam_Text2}"));
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Execute script again, he result is:
Enhancing Vuser Script
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web_reg_save_param(´myval", "LB=userSession value=", "RB=>", "Ord=1", "RelFrameId=1.2.1", "Search=Body", LAST); "Name=userSession", "Value={myval}"
Right boundary Value
Storage Variable
Left boundary Value
LoadRunner 8.0
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Run-time Settings
RunTime Settings
Run Logic
You can instruct a Vuser to Repeat the Run section when you run the script. Each repetition is known as iteration Number of Iterations LoadRunner repeats all of the actions, the specified number of times. If you specify a scenario duration in the controller, the duration setting overrides the Vusers iteration settings.
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RunTime Settings
Pacing Control the time between iterations. The pace tells the Vuser how long to wait between iterations of Vuser You can instruct Vuser by following any of the method below 1. As soon as the previous iteration ends. 2. After the previous iteration ends with a fixed / random delay 3. At fixed / random intervals
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RunTime Settings
Log
Vusers log information about themselves and their communication between server Two types of Logs
Standard Extended
VuGen writes log messages that you can view in execution log.
lr_log_message. Messages sent manually, using lr_message, lr_output_message, and lr_error_message, are still issued
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RunTime Settings
Think Time
When you run a Vuser script, the Vuser uses the think time values that were recorded into the script during the recording session. VuGen allows you to use the recorded think time, ignore it, or use a value related to the recorded time:
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RunTime Settings
Miscellaneous
You can set the following Miscellaneous run-time options for a Vuser script: Error Handling Multithreading
Vusers support multithreaded
environments. The primary advantage of a multithread environment is the ability to run more Vusers per load generator.
Automatic Transactions
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LoadRunner 8.0
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CONTROLLER
LoadRunner 8.0 - Controller
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What is Scenario?
A scenario is a file that defines the Vusers execution, the number of Vusers to run, the goals of the test, the computer that hosts the Vusers, and the conditions under which to run the Load Test
LoadRunner 8.0 - Controller
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Controller organizes and manages scenario elements During scenario execution the controller : Runs Vuser Groups Controls the initialize, run, pause, and stop conditions of each Vuser Displays the status of each Vuser Displays any messages from Vusers Monitors system and network resources
LoadRunner 8.0 - Controller
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Types of Scenarios
Manual
Scenario
Manage your Load Test by specifying the number of Virtual users to run
Goal-Oriented
Scenario Allow LoadRunner Controller to create a Scenario based on the goals you specify
LoadRunner 8.0 - Controller
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Manual Scenario
You control the number of Running Vusers at the time
which they Run. You can specify how many Vusers run simultaneously Allows you to run the Vuser in Percentage mode
LoadRunner 8.0 - Controller
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Goal-Oriented Scenario
Determine your system to achieve the particular goal The goal may be number of hits per second, Number
of transaction per second, etc., Manages Vusers Automatically to maintain and achieve the goal
LoadRunner 8.0 - Controller
Which scenario to use? Examples
Scenario Outline
Scenario Type
Script Should define Update When running the Load Test at peak load achieve 1000 concurrent users
Manual Scenario with 1000 users
Define search transaction Goal-Oriented with Response time of 8 seconds transaction time as the ¶Goal Type· with 2000 concurrent users during non-peak hours Achieve response time of 12 Secs with 5000 concurrent users during peak hours
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LoadRunner 8.0 - Controller
Vuser Groups
Scenario consists of group of Vusers which emulate the Human users to interact with your application Each script you select is assigned a Vuser group Each Vuser group is assigned a number of Vusers You can Assign different script to each Vuser or You can assign the same script to all the Vusers
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LoadRunner 8.0 - Controller
Adding Vuser Group
Group Name Vuser Quantity Load Generator name
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LoadRunner 8.0 - Controller
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Load Generator for your Scenario
Load Generator is a machine that serves as the host for running Vusers Its important to know that which script need to be run from which location For example customer activity, the function of location, workload of location«etc.,
LoadRunner 8.0 - Controller
Adding Load Generator
Click the generators button to open the dialogue box Now click the add button to open the Add load generator dialogue box Enter the name and load generator platform which you want to add A machine must have installed LoadRunner agent to use as a Load Generator
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LoadRunner 8.0 - Controller
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Assigning Number of Vusers
Simple scenarios use just one Vuser Script
To profile a more complex mix of users, assign several Vuser scripts based on ³User profile´ in one scenario
Agenda ² Day 3
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Analysis & Reports
LoadRunner Analysis
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Analysis provides graphs and reports to help you analyze the performance of your system. These graphs and reports summarize the scenario execution.
Using these graphs and reports, you can easily pinpoint and identify the bottlenecks in your Application
LoadRunner Analysis
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To view a summary of the results after test execution, you can use one or more of the following tools: Vuser log files contain a full trace of the scenario run for each Vuser. These files are located in the scenario results directory. Controller Output window displays information about the scenario run. Analysis graphs help you determine system performance and provide information about transactions and Vusers. Graph Data and Raw Data views display the actual data used to generate the graph in a spreadsheet format. Report utilities enable you to view a Summary HTML report for each graph or a variety of Performance and Activity reports. You can create a report as a Microsoft Word document, which automatically summarizes and displays the test·s significant data in graphical and tabular format.
Analysis Basis
LoadRunner - Analysis
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Creating Analysis Session
When you run a scenario, data is stored in a result file with an .lrr extension. Analysis is the utility that processes the gathered result information and generates graphs and reports. When you work with the Analysis utility, you work within a session. An Analysis session contains at least one set of scenario results (lrr file). Analysis stores the display information and layout settings for the active graphs in a file with an .lra extension.
LoadRunner - Analysis
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Methods of opening LoadRunner Analysis
Open Analysis directly from the controller (Results > Analyze Results) Start > Programs > Mercury LoadRunner > Applications > Analysis Start > Programs > Mercury LoadRunner > LoadRunner, select the Load Testing or Tuning tab, and then click Analyze Load Tests or Analyze Tuning Sessions. You can also instruct controller to open analysis automatically after the Scenario execution by selecting Results > Auto Analysis
Collating Execution Results
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When you run a scenario, by default all Vuser information is stored locally on each Vuser host After scenario execution the results are automatically collated or consolidated ² results from all the hosts are transfer to results directory You disable automatic collation by choosing Results > Auto collate Results from the controller window You can collate manually by selecting Results > Collate Results If your results are not collated Analysis will automatically collate the results before generating the analysis data
Viewing Summary Data
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Analysis : Tools
Options Generate Summary data only
View the summary data only. If this option is selected Analysis won¶t Process the data for advanced use with filtration
Generate Complete data only
View only the complete data only after it has been Processed. Do not display the Summary
Display Summary while generate Complete data only
View summary data while the complete data is being processed. After the processing, view the complete data. A bar below the graph indicates the complete data generation progress.
Data Aggregation
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Aggregate Data: Specify the data you want to aggregate in order to reduce the size of the database. Select the type of data to aggregate: Specify the type(s) of graphs for which you want to aggregate data. Select the graph properties to aggregate: Specify the graph properties³ Vuser ID, Group Name, and Script Name³ you want to aggregate. If you do not want to aggregate the failed Vuser data, select Do not aggregate failed Vusers.
Setting Database Options
102
You can choose the database in which to store Analysis session result data and you can repair and compress your Analysis results and optimize the database that may have become fragmented. By default, LoadRunner stores Analysis result data in an Access 2000 database. If your Analysis result data exceeds two gigabytes, it is recommended that you store it on an SQL server
Session Information
103
You can view the properties of the current Analysis session in the Session Information dialog box.
Analysis Graphs
104
Analysis graphs are divided into the following categories:
Vuser Graphs - Provide information about Vuser states and other Vuser statistics. Error Graphs - Provide information about the errors that occurred during the scenario. Transaction Graphs - Provide information about transaction performance and response time. Web Resource Graphs - Provide information about the throughput, hits per second, HTTP responses per second, number of retries per second, and downloaded pages per second for Web Vusers. Web Page Breakdown Graphs - Provide information about the size and download time of each Web page component.
Analysis Graphs
105
User-Defined Data Point Graphs - Provide information about the custom data points that were gathered by the online monitor. System Resource Graphs - Provide statistics relating to the system resources that were monitored during the scenario using the online monitor. Network Monitor Graphs - Provide information about the network delays. Firewall Server Monitor Graphs - Provide information about firewall server resource usage. Web Server Resource Graphs - Provide information about the resource usage for the Apache, iPlanet/Netscape, iPlanet(SNMP), and MS IIS Web servers.
Analysis Graphs
106
Web Application Server Resource Graphs - Provide information about the resource usage for various Web application servers. Database Server Resource Graphs - Provide information about database resources. Streaming Media Graphs - Provide information about resource usage of streaming media. ERP/CRM Server Resource Graphs - Provide information about ERP/CRM server resource usage. Java Performance Graphs - Provide information about resource usage of Java-based applications. Application Component Graphs - Provide information about resource usage of the Microsoft COM+ server and the Microsoft NET CLR server. Application Deployment Solutions Graphs - Provide information about resource usage of the Citrix MetaFrame and 1.8 servers.
Analysis Graphs
107
Middleware Performance Graphs - Provide information about resource usage of the Tuxedo and IBM WebSphere MQ servers. Security Graphs - Provide information about simulated attacks on the server using the Distributed Denial of Service graph. Application Traffic Management Graphs - Provide information about resource usage of the F5 BIG-IP server. Infrastructure Resources Graphs - Provide information about resource usage of FTP, POP3, SMTP, IMAP, and DNS Vusers on the network client. Siebel Diagnostics Graphs - Provide detailed breakdown diagnostics for transactions generated on Siebel Web, Siebel App, and Siebel Database servers. Siebel DB Diagnostics Graphs - Provide detailed breakdown diagnostics for SQLs generated by transactions on the Siebel system.
Analysis Graphs
108
Oracle Diagnostics Graphs - Provide detailed breakdown diagnostics for SQLs generated by transactions on the Oracle NCA system. J2EE Diagnostics Graphs - Provide information to trace, time, and troubleshoot individual transactions through J2EE Web, application, and database servers.
Adding New Graph
109
Graph > Add Graph, or click Graphs that contain data are listed in blue. By default, only graphs that contain data are listed. To view the entire list of LoadRunner graphs, clear Display only graphs containing data. Use the Scenario Elapsed Time field to limit the time range for which graph data is displayed.
To view the entire list of LoadRunner graphs, clear Display only graphs containing data.
Filtering & Sorting Graph Data
110
You can filter and sort data that is displayed in a graph. You sort and filter graph data using the same dialog box.
Filtering Graph Data
You can filter graph data to show fewer transactions for a specific segment of the scenario. More specifically, you can display four transactions beginning from five minutes into the scenario and ending three minutes before the end of the scenario. You can filter for a single graph, in all graphs in a scenario, or in the summary graph.
Filtering & Sorting Graph Data
111
Sorting Graph Data
You can sort graph data to show the data in more relevant ways. For example, Transaction graphs can be grouped by the Transaction End Status, and Vuser graphs can be grouped by Scenario Elapsed Time, Vuser End Status, Vuser Status, and VuserID.
Configuring Basic Graph Display Options
112
View
Display Options
Configuring Basic Graph Display Options
113
Adding Comments and Arrows
Web Page Break Down
114
Transaction Report
115
Transaction reports provide performance information about the transactions defined within the Vuser scripts. These reports give you a statistical breakdown of your results and allow you to print and export the data. Transaction Reports are divided into the following categories
Activity Performance
Data Point, Detailed Transaction, Transaction Performance by Vuser
Activity reports provide information about the number of Vusers and the number of transactions executed during the scenario run. The available Activity reports are Scenario Execution, Failed Transaction, and Failed Vusers. Performance reports analyze Vuser performance and transaction times. The available Performance reports are Data Point, Detailed Transaction, and Transaction Performance by Vuser.
Performance Monitoring
Metrics to Be Measured on All Servers
Performance Monitoring
Technology Specific Monitors
SQL Server Specific
Reporting
Reporting Should have the Following
Reporting Elements
Work Load Profile
Performance Objective
Performance Details
Web Server Metrics SQL Server Metrics Throughput versus user load Response time versus user load Resource utilization versus user load Potential Bottlenecks
Best Practices for Performance Testing - Do
Clear the application and database logs after each performance test run. Excessively large log files may artificially skew the performance results. Identify the correct server software and hardware to mirror your production environment. Use a single graphical user interface (GUI) client to capture end-user response time while a load is generated on the system. You may need to generate load by using different client computers, but to make sense of client-side data, such as response time or requests per second, you should consolidate data at a single client and generate results based on the average values. Include a buffer time between the incremental increases of users during a load test. Use different data parameters for each simulated user to create a more realistic load simulation. Monitor all computers involved in the test, including the client that generates the load. This is important because you should not overly stress the client. Prioritize your scenarios according to critical functionality and high-volume transactions. Use a zero think time if you need to fire concurrent requests,. This can help you identify bottleneck issues. Stress test critical components of the system to assess their independent thresholds.
Best Practices for Performance Testing ² Don·t
Do not allow the test system resources to cross resource threshold limits by a significant margin during load testing, because this distorts the data in your results. Do not run tests in live production environments that have other network traffic. Use an isolated test environment that is representative of the actual production environment. Do not try to break the system during a load test. The intent of the load test is not to break the system. The intent is to observe performance under expected usage conditions. You can stress test to determine the most likely modes of failure so they can be addressed or mitigated. Do not place too much stress on the client test computers.
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