Mcqs And Emqs Dental

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POSTGRAD. EXAMS Khaled M A Khaled CONSULTANT DEPT. OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY Colchester Hospital University Foundation NHS Trust MCQs  Read Carefully and Understand Clearly  Do Not Read Between the Lines  Guess or Not To Guess  Organise Your Time MCQs  In the Part 2 MRCOG examination you are allowed 1 hour and 30 minutes for 225 questions.  The EMQ paper is combined with the MCQ, with a total of 165  minutes.  This might appear too little, but it is not. The items you are sure of will take only a few seconds.  The same applies to those items about which you are totally ignorant. We suggest you go through the whole paper first, answering those questions to which you are sure you know the answers.  As you are unlikely to change these answers, you are advised to record them on the answer sheet from the outset  Fill-in the Answer Sheet Correctly Hints  Common/ characteristic/ usual/ typical: what is expected to be found in the average, textbook description  Recognised/ may occur/ can occur: has been described, even if rarely.  Essential feature: must occur to make a diagnosis.  Frequently/ often: imply a rate of occurrence greater than 50%.  Never: 0%.  Always: 100%.  Rare: <5%.  Beware that absolutes are very rare in medicine. Items that contain always or never are often false. EMQ TECHNIQUES  Read Carefully and Understand Clearly  Approach each question independently  Approach the questions clinically  Do Not Read Between the Lines  Guess or Not To Guess  Organise Your Time  Fill-in the Answer Sheet Correctly Hints for EMQ Answering  Read the ‘lead-in’ statement first.  Ask yourself the question – ‘Do I really understand what the ‘lead in’ statement says?  Consider each question one by one.  Think the answer to the item in your mind.  Select the correct answer from the list of options  Correctly enter your answer into the mark sheet. Oxytocin  In labour, should be given in 5% dextrose. F  Is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. F  Has an anti-diuretic effect. T  Is a glycoprotein. F The lupus anticoagulant  Results in an increased risk of postpartum haemorrhage. F  Is present in about 5% of the obstetric population. F  Should be checked in cases of recurrent pregnancy loss. T  May be associated with a fetal loss rate in excess of 50%. T  Causes prolongation of the clotting time in vitro. T  Is a recognised cause of congenital heart block. F In multiple pregnancy  Scanning should be arranged at 20 weeks to assess the zygosity. F  Fetuses of disparate sex indicate dizygotic twins. T  Fetuses of similar sex are usually monozygotic. F  A membrane detected on ultrasound indicates a dichorionic pregnancy. F  Scanning in the first trimester can assess fetal number and chorionicity. T When calculating the perinatal mortality (PNM) rate in the UK  The total number of live birth is used as a denominator. F  The number of stillbirths is included in the enumerator. T  Babies dying as a result of lethal congenital abnormality are excluded. F  The total number of babies dying in the neonatal period is included in the enumerator. F  Babies born dead before 28 weeks gestation are not included. F  All babies born before 20 weeks are not included. F Factors associated with increased PNM include  Social class 1. F  Smoking. T  Primigravidity. T  Increased parity. T  Increased maternal age. T  Previous pre-term labour. T  Previous TOP. F  Increased paternal age. F Respiratory distress syndrome  Is increased in incidence in term babies born with a weight below the third centile. F  Is increased in incidence in babies born by elective caesarean section. T  Affects about 90% of babies born before 32 weeks. F  Is more common in female infants. F  Is increased in incidence in term babies born to Heroin addicted mothers. F  Does not occur at term. F Babies of diabetic mothers are at an increased risk of:  Hyperglycaemia. F  Hypocalcaemia. T  Renal vein thrombosis. T  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. T  Anaemia. F  Hyperbilirubinaemia. T  Developing diabetes later on in life. T  Neural tube defect. T  IUGR. T The following vaccine can be safely administered during pregnancy:  Tetanus vaccine. T  Diphtheria vaccine. T  Salk polio vaccine. T  Sabin polio vaccine. F  Rubella vaccine. F  Measles vaccine. F In a pregnant woman who develops Hepatitis B (HB):  Breast-feeding is contraindicated. F  Hepatitis B virus is found in breast milk. T  Her baby should be given both active and passive immunisation after delivery. T  Caesarean section will reduce the risk of vertical transmission. F  The presence of HBe antibodies indicate high infectivity. F  There is a higher incidence of prematurity. T Fetal blood sampling in labour  Should be performed if there is a deceleration lasting for over 3 minutes. F  Is contraindicated when the mother is a Hepatitis B carrier. T  Is contraindicated in cases of maternal HIV infection. T  Is contraindicated during preterm labour at 32 weeks. T  Is contraindicated in cases of maternal herpes simplex genital infection. T Thrombophilia screen had been done in a case of DVT at 32 weeks gestation. The following conditions could be diagnosed with certainty from the results:  Protein S deficiency. F  Anti-thrombin deficiency. F  Factor V Leiden mutation. T  Prothrombin G20210A variant. T The fetal biophysical profile (BPP) may have useful reliable applications in the following clinical circumstances:  Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. F  A pregnancy at 42 weeks. T  Multiple pregnancy. T  Maternal hypertensive disorder. T  Preterm rupture of the membranes. T Recognised complications of prenatal invasive diagnostic tests include  A miscarriage risk of 5% for amniocentesis. F  A risk of limb reduction defects for chorionic villus sampling (CVS) performed before 10  weeks. T  A risk of neonatal postural limb defects following amniocentesis. T  An increased risk of miscarriage if amniocentesis is performed at 13 rather than 16 weeks. T  Rhesus isoimmunisation in Rhesus positive women. F Breast-feeding is contraindicated if the mother is taking:  Heparin. F  Warfarin. F  Insulin. F  Low dose aspirin. F  Combined oral contraceptive pill. F  Lithium. T  Tetracycline. T  Metronidazole. F  Phenindione. T